• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2023

The basic information of ovule and seed characteristics was investigated for five monotypic and endemic genera in the Korean peninsula as categorized by the Flora of Korea category. The carpels and seeds were sectioned with a rotary microtome. Mature seeds were coated with platinum using an ion sputter and observed using a scanning electron microscope. As a result, Abeliophyllum was found to be anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, with a slightly colliculate seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. The ovule of Coreanomecon was anatropous and bitegmic, having a distinct echinate seed surface, and exo-endotestal seed coat type with a prismatic crystal in the mesotesta. The ovule of Hanabusaya was anatropous and a unitegmic, with a long reticulate seed surface sculpture, and distinct exotestal seed coat type. In addition, a wing developed at the opposite side of the raphe bundle. Megaleranthis was an anatropous and bitegmic ovule, having a small pentagonal disk shape, a concave seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. Finally, Pentactina was also anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, reticulate seed sculpture, and endotestal seed coat type. These data will be proving to be a source of good information for securing bio-sovereignty in the near future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.429-434
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• 1997

The most typical morphological characteristics of seeds of eight species in Umbelliferae are summarized as follows: 1. The common characteristics of seeds in Umbelliferae were bi-partite fruits, compound of 2-seeds, (fruitlet) oil canals and funiculus or carpaphore. 2. Seed shape of Umbelliferae were oblong or elliptic and ovate; seed colors were yellow, pale yellow or brown, dark brown or black. 3. Seed size ranged from 2 to 7mm in length and 2∼5mm in width. Angelica dahurica bore the largest seed while Ligusticum acutilobum showed the smallest. The 1000-seed weight ranged from 1. 7g in Bupleurum falcatum to 3.9g in Angelica gigas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2022

Natto is a soybean fermented food from Japan, which is made from steamed soybean, Bacillus natto and water. Demand of Natto has increased recently because it does not have smell compared to Cheonggukfang, which is Korean traditional fermented food. Currently, Pungsannamulkong is the most commonly used in Korea for Natto. Four candidate varieties of soybeans were investigated and compared in terms of Agronomic Traits, quality characteristics, hard seed rate, and water absorption rate in order to determine more suitable Korean soybean variety than pungsannamulkong. 'Haewon' had higher yield than other three varieties in Goesan-gun and Jinan-gun. The infected seed rate which affects soybean processing is higher in pungsannamulkong. 'Haewon' showed low 100 seed weight with 8.6 g in Goesan-gun and 9.5 g in Jinan-gun, which was the smallest of four soybean varieties. The water absorption rate was higher in 'Haewon' than in pungsannamulkong which is desirable characteristics for Natto process. The hard seed rate of pungsannamulkong was 6~7%, which is considered to be unsuitable to Natto process. The yield of Natto was significantly different for each variety. 'Haewon' showed the highest amino nitrogen content with 575.0 mg%. These results suggested that 'Haewon' can be considered as suitable candidates for yield and quality of Natto compared to pungsannamulkong.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.123-130
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• 2020

Nano seed incorporated in micro-sized 4BS (Tetrabasic lead Sulfate) seed was applied to the positive electrode active material and compared with Nano 4BS seed (NS). The dispersion of NS decreased due to the aggregation phenomenon, while the nano seed incorporated in micro-sized 4BS seed (INS) could confirm excellent dispersion. As the content of INS increased, the particle size of the active material became small and constant, which was confirmed through SEM and particle size analysis. The specific surface area for the reaction was increased and the high-rate discharge and lifetime characteristics were improved. In order to confirm the variation in particle size distribution in the plate manufacturing process, internal resistance and voltage were measured for 200 AGM lead-acid batteries, and it was confirmed that batteries quality variation decreased.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.274-282
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• 2000

Physico-chemical characteristics and chemical composition of seed oil of Sapium japonicum were determined by various analysis methods. Physio-chemical characteristics of the extracted oil from fresh seed were specific gravity (0.928), refraction index (1.477), acid value (2.30), saponification number (190.0), and iodine value (126.0). Neutral lipid (93%) in seed oil was identified as major components, followed by glycolipid (4.9%) and phospholipid (1.3%). In GC analysis, nine fatty acids were presented in the seed oil. Among fatty acids, predominant fatty acids were oleic acid (45.8%) and linoleic acid (35.6%). The contents of fatty acids of seed oil somewhat varied with their storage period. Composition of fatty acids from lipid fractions which were isolated on silica open column was investigated. Major fatty acids in three lipid fractions were linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The fatty acid contents of fresh seed oil derived from each lipid fraction were generally high comapred to storage seed oil. From the above results, seed oil of Sapium Japonicum could be useful in cosmetics, detergents and a few pharmaceuticals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.361-365
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics for each of botanical types of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under vinyl-and non-mulching in cultural limiting region. Ten peanut varieties pertaining to virginia-large seed, virginia-small seed, spanish, valencia, shinpung type were used in this study. Main stem length was in order of valencia, spanish, virginia-small seed, shinpung, virginia-large seed type under vinyl-and non-mulching. By vinyl-mulching, the maximum growth stage of main stem was shortened by 20 days than that of non-mulching. Number of branches per plant was distinguished among botanical types. Numbers of those were virginia-small seed 28, virginia-large seed 27, shinpung 15, spanish 13, valencia 7 under vinyl-mulching and were virginia-small seed 22, virginia-large seed 21, spanish 12, spinpung 12, valencia 5 under non-mulching. The longeset branch length was in order of valencia, spanish, spinpung, virginia-large seed, virginia-small seed type under vinyl-and non-mulching and velencia type was the longest of the botanical types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.79-91
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• 2008

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis palustris Huds.). Seven varieties of CB were evaluated with different experiments. An alternative environment condition requiring for a CB germination test by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$(ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$(natural conditions). In each experiment, data such as seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time were measured. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and varieties. It was 61.50 to 98.25% under ISTA conditions and 55.00 to 98.50% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among CB varieties according to different conditions. Early germination characteristics indicated that all varieties were 1 to 4 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 70% and 90%, was much faster with Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross under ISTA conditions. But it was even faster with L-93 and Penncross when grown under natural conditions. Differences were also observed in germination peak time with varieties and growing conditions. It was 0.57 to 2.86 days under ISTA conditions and 0.74 to 1.74 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest variety was L-93 and the longest one T-1. Considering germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time, Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while L-93, Penn A-1 and Penncross under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper variety selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before golf course construction.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the flowering and fruits formation characteristics of Korean Panax ginseng varieties. The results will provide basic data for ginseng seed production and breeding program. Methods and Results: The characteristics investigated included flowering date, seed setting rate, seed type and seed production. The ginseng variety Chungsun had the earliest emergency and flowering dates, whereas Sunhyang showed late emergence and flowering dates. The emergence date of Chunpoong was not later than that of the other varieties, but the flowering date was delayed. The seed setting rate was 64.6%, 75.8%, 78.5% and 74.4% for three, four, five and six-year-old varieties, respectively. The ratio of double seed (RD) for Sunhyang and Chungsun were higher than those for the others, whereas the RD for Chunpoong was the lowest. Yunpoong and Sunone had many stems per plant and a high seed production rate. Seed production was 21.7, 67.7, 74.4 and 89.0kg/10 a in three, four, five and six-year-old varieties, respectively. Conclusions: The emergence date ranged from April 15 to 25, and the flowering date was from May 10 to the 19 for the new ginseng varieties. The average seed multiplication of the ginseng varieties was about 8.5 and 21.1 times a year for varieties in which, seed-production occurs once a year for over four years and four times over six years, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cone protective net and the variation of cone and seed characteristics of a unique and rare dwarf stone pine (Pinus pumila Regel) population in Mt. Seorak which is in the southern peripheral of South Korea. Iron protective net (50 mesh, 25 ${\times}$ 25 cm) was effective in reducing birds and rodents damage to conelet, thereby it was possible to safely collect seed genetic resources. Early July was observed to be the most appropriate season to cover conelet with Iron protective net. P. pumila have ovoid-triangle shaped, wingless seeds and indehiscent cones, seeds dissemination is mainly by the hoarding behavior of nutcrackers and rodents. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population, and the mean characteristics of the species were 35.3 mm, 25.6 mm, 1.38, 6.6 g and 39.3 ea in the cone length, cone width, cone index, cone weight and in number of seeds per cone, respectively. Coefficients of variations in seed weight and number of seeds per cone were relatively high (21.7%, 21.5%, respectively) compared to other traits. Based on the correlation analysis between cone characteristics and seed characteristics, the length of cone and seed showed a significant positive correlation with the seed size and the seed weight, but the width and thickness of seed showed a negative correlation with the number of seeds per cone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.316-316
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• 2022

Azuki bean is the important bean crop in Korea, and is traditionally used as a filling material for red bean porridge, rice cakes, and bread, as well as for sediment. So far, the National Insititute of Crop Science has developed azuki bean varieties for various uses, such as for sediment, tea, and azuki bean sprouts. Among azuki bean elite lines, 25 strains were used to analyze the correlation between red bean quality characteristics and sediment yield. The crude protein of red beans was 25.0-28.9%, ash content was 3.8-5.3%, and fat was 0.4-1.0%. As for the appearance quality characteristics of azuki bean, one hundred seed weight was 11.1-19.5 g, the length of seed was 6.45-8.49 mm, the width seed was 4.84-6.45 mm, and the withd/lenght ratio was 0.72-0.89. When the azuki bean were boiled, the thickness of the seed coat was 0.14-0.27 mm and the length ratio of seed was 0.65-0.76 mm, showing that the length of seed was slightly larger than the width. The yield of azuki bean sediment was 239-284% for whole red bean paste, and 144-203% for fine azuki bean paste. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the quality characteristics of azuki beans, such as protein, husk and seed weight, and the yield of azuki bean sediment, the yield of whole azuki bean sediment showed a negative correlation with the seed coat thickness and the length ratio of the original grain at -0.62 and -0.45, respectively. The yield of fine sediment showed a negative correlation with the length ratio of whole azuki beans at -0.49, and a positive correlation with that of white beans at 0.41. However, protein and ash content did not show any correlation with sediment yield. In view of the above results, it is thought that it would be better to have a high seed weight or a low width/length ratio of seed to develope azuki bean cultivar for sediment.