• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.367-378
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• 2007

A sediment quality index (SQI) and a mean sediment quality guideline quotient (M-SQGQ) were applied for the assessment of sediment quality in Masan Bay, Korea where metals and organic pollutants are of concern. The SQI was calculated by two functions, 'scope' (the number of variables that do not meet guideline objective) and 'amplitude' (the magnitude by which variables exceed guideline objective), with six different sediment quality guideline values from Canada, USA and Australia/New Zealand. Categorization of sediment quality was on the basis of SQI scores. The SQI values were compared with six guideline values applied as well as with the M-SQGQs. The SQI values were severely influenced by a few variables of high exceedance in the degree of non-compliance. The SQI values were very dependent on both the numbers and values of guideline variables used in index caluculation. Nevertheless, the SQI could provide integrated and simplified information from a large number of chemical data set. It is required to further evaluate protocols and guideline applied for deriving SQI and to compare it with field based sediment toxicity test and ecosystem integrity.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

수 저층의 퇴적물에서는 자체 내에서의 물질이동과 변환뿐만 아니라 외부로부터 유입된 물질과 수계 자체에서 생성된 여러 물질들이 침강하고 퇴적되고 있다. 또한 퇴적물에서 수층으로 물질들이 용출하는 등 저층의 퇴적물과 수층 간에는 끊임없이 물질교환이 이루어 지고 있다. 수 저층 퇴적물의 오염상태를 나타내는 저질은 수 저층의 퇴적물 자체를 의미하는 것이 아니라 퇴적물의 오염도를 의미하며 이는 수질과는 달리 시 공간적으로 쉽게 변하지 않아 오랜 기간의 수계 환경의 오염 상태를 알 수 있어 최근 수질조사와 더불어 수 환경의 오염도 평가와 수생생물, 저서생물과 관련한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 주요 저질의 항목으로는 영양염과 중금속 함량, 강열감량(IL), 총 황화물(TS), 산화환원치(ORP), COD, 색, 냄새와 악취, 용출량 등이 있다. 이러한 저질 인자들이 하천이나 호소 및 해양의 과거 및 현재의 오염상태를 알 수 있는 오염의 지표로 이용될 수 있으나 퇴적물의 채취방법, 조사 지점 수, 분석방법, 결과의 상호 비교 평가 등의 여러 문제점이 있어 실제 우리나라에서는 저질조사 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저질 조사의 중요성과 채취방법, 각 저질 항목의 분석방법, 저질변동과 분석 및 평가에 관하여 소개하고자 하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2016

In order to assess the level of contamination and identify the priority contaminants in the Busan coast, intensive sediment sampling was conducted and persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals were analyzed. The Sediment Quality Index (SQI) was derived based on the contaminant data by comparing with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) established in Korea, Canada, and Australia/New Zealand. Toxic contaminants were found to be widely distributed across the coast. Among organic contaminants, PAHs showed the highest concentration, followed by butyltins, nonylphenols, PBDEs, DDTs, PCBs, HCHs and CHLs. Heavy metals were also abundantly detected with the highest concentration of Zn followed by Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Hg. Compared to organic contaminants, most heavy metals, except for Cu and Hg, were homogeneously distributed along the coast in a good relationship with total organic carbon of sediment particles. In general, the concentrations of organic compounds and heavy metals were highest at the inner part of harbor areas with a tendency to decline from inside areas to the outside, indicating the high loading of pollutants from harbors. A high exceedance for low-SQGs and high-SQGs was found for TBT, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, Cu and Zn. The SQI scores calculated from low-SQGs and high-SQGs were in the range of 18-100 and 54-100, respectively. The inner part of Busan Harbor, Dadaepo Harbor, and Gamcheon Harbor were observed as being regions of concern. Overall, TBT, Cu, and p,p'-DDT were the chemicals most frequently exceeding SQGs and influencing SQI scores.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2004

연안 퇴적물의 오염도 개선을 위해 수행되는 준설의 시행 여부 판단을 위해서는 합리적인 준설판단지수(Dredging Index: DI)설정이 필수적이다. 외국에서 사용되는 DI는 국가별 경제수준, 자연환경 특성, 해역의 이용 목적 등이 상이한 까닭에, 국내 환경에 직접 활용하는 것은 비합리적이다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 축적된 국내 자료를 활용하여 DI를 개발하였고, 이를 오염 우심해역인 마산만의 준설 전·후 환경에 적용하였다. 적용 결과, 개발된 DI는 준설에 따른 퇴적물 환경변화를 잘 지시하는 것으로 판단되며, 준설에 필요한 사회 경제적 여건이 고려된 합리적 DI 값이 도출된다면 특정해역의 준설 범위와 깊이를 결정하는 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2014

Seasonal characteristics of water and sediment qualities and potential effects of the freshwater discharge from a small tide embankment interior in a coastal area in Goheung county were investigated from May to September in 2012. Chemical oxygen demand values (COD) were mostly higher than 2 mg/L in summer ebb tide, which exceed the standard value of water quality criteria II of acceptable level for aquaculture activities. Nitrogen and phosphorus were found as the limiting nutrients for algae growth in summer and fall and in spring, respectively. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient for diatom growth in the whole studied period. The sudden high values of COD, ammonia, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were found in water sample collected from station 5 which located in front of the tide embankment sluice gate during spring ebb tide. The freshwater discharge form the tide embankment interior maybe affected the survey areas during a short time interval. Mean values of eutrophication index of the surveyed coastal region in spring, summer and fall were all bigger than 1. Water quality was mostly considered at level II which acceptable for aquaculture activities. Sediment quality in this study was generally in the range of standard for fisheries environment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1205-1215
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• 2002

To evaluate the change for water quality after the water gate operation in Shiwha lake, in situ survey were conducted on september in 2000 and January, march, jane in 2001. Chemical characteristics and eutrophication level was estimated from the survey data. The water quality of the Shihwa lake was greatly affected by pollutant load from rainfall, and formation of stratification in summer and winter was increased to effect on nutrient release from sediment. Especially, high concentration of chlorophyll-a was occurred in autumn, due to increased nutrient, high water temperature and low salinity after rainfall runoff. The mean concentration of DIN, DIP were 0.346mg/L, 0.0217mg/L in surface water and 0.826mg/L, 0.0415mg/L in bottom water, respectively, which were over III grade of seawater standard. Also high percentage of ammonia nitrogen to DIN in bottom water for autumn and winter was affected by released nutrient from sediment. Correlation analysis of chlorophyll-a versus TSS was shown that organic matter was affected by autochthonous organic matter stem from the algae, these factor showed reverse correlation about salinity. Closely correlations among to the water quality constituent in continuity survey was appeared. The results of eutrophication index estimation showed the high potentiality of red tide occurrence in Shiwha lake, particularity in summer or fall. Overall water quality was greatly improve to compared with measuring data during 1997~1998 at the beginning water gate operation, which reported by KORDI. Therefore, to improve of water quality in Shiwha lake, we need to establish of management plan about nutrient release from sediment, rainfall runoff, maximum of seawater exchange.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.759-771
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• 2011

We evaluated the pollution levels of organic matter and metallic element (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, As, and Hg) in the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island using several sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and assessment techniques for sediment pollution. Based on the textural composition of sediment, the surface sediments were classified into two main sedimentary facies: slightly gravelly mud and silt. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediments ranged from 4.6-9.9 (mean $7.4{\pm}1.1$) $mgO_2/g{\cdot}dry$ and from ND-0.53 (mean $0.04{\pm}0.10$) mgS/$g{\cdot}dry$, respectively. These values were considerably lower than those reported from a farming area in a semi-enclosed bay of Korea and for SQGs in Japan. The metallic element concentrations in the sediments varied widely with the mean grain size and organic matter content, implying that the concentrations of metallic elements are influenced mainly by secondary factors, such as bioturbation, the resuspension of sediment, and anthropogenic input. The overall results for the comparison with SQGs, enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$) indicate that the surface sediments are slightly polluted by Cr and Ni, and moderately polluted by As. Our results suggest that the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island are not polluted by organic matter or metallic elements and the benthic conditions are suitable for healthy organisms.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 갯벌토 및 준설토를 기질로 이용한 Mesocosm 실험을 통하여 염생식물의 서식안정성을 평가하였다. Mesocosm 실험구는 기질 및 식생의 식재 여부에 따라 Mesocosm A(갯벌토+퉁퉁마디 식재), Mesocosm B(준설토), Mesocosm C(준설토+퉁퉁마디 식재)로 조성하였다. 그리고 Mesocosm 실험구 내 염생식물의 서식안정성을 평가하기 위해 수질(COD, T-N, T-P, 수온, 염분), 저질(COD, T-N, T-P), 식생성장률의 서식환경 인자에 대한 모니터링을 실시하여 서식안정성지수(HSI)를 산정하였다. Mesocosm C에서의 HSI는 0.87~0.95로서 Mesocosm A에 비하여 상대적으로 HSI가 높게 산정되어, 준설토를 이용한 해안염습지의 복원/조성에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.659-672
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• 2020

Water and sediment qualities were investigated in the Oncheon Stream and at the Wondong bridge of the Suyoung River, during the summer rainy season, 2019. Dissolved oxygen (DO) showed the lowest levels at 4.7 and 5.0 m/L, and biogeochemical oxygen demand (BOD) showed the highest at 5.3 mg/L downstream where the tributary flows into the main river. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased from 2.0 to 5.9 mg/L on average as it flowed downstream, The COD/BOD ratio decreased gradually as it flowed downstream, reaching 1.0. However, COD/BOD ratio at the Wondong bridge was 5.8-22.2, indicating that easily biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic matter flows into the Oncheon Stream and Suyoung River, respectively. Total nitrogen (T-N) / total phosphorus (T-P) ratio tended to decrease from 72 to 21 as it flowed downstream, measuring 71 to 86 at the Wondong bridge. The water quality index (WQI) generally improved better than grade IV after heavy rainfalls. However, DO and T-P were the parameters that deteriorated the WQI. Ignition loss (IL), COD, T-N, and T-P of sediments had distribution of 1.44 ± 1.01%, 0.35 ± 0.16%, 43 ± 63 mg/kg, and 10.9 ± 21.9 mg/kg, respectively. These were several times lower than the annual averages of IL, T-N, and T-P in 2017 before the dredging project was conducted in the first half of 2018.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2016

재배방법에 따라 팥의 항산화 성분과 항산화 활성의 차이를 조사하고, 생산된 팥에 대해 앙금을 제조하여 품질특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 총 polyphenol 및 flavonoid 함량은 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거활성 또한 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났고, 다른 품종에 비해 홍언이 높았다. 충주팥, 홍언 및 아라리의 습물중 앙금 수율은 각각 296.64~339.01, 271.36~282.24 및 268.21~292.32%, 건물중앙금 수율은 각각 71.68~85.41, 77.90~85.19 및 74.15~78.65%로 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타냈다(p<0.05). 습물 및 건물 앙금의 명도는 충주팥과 아라리는 약간의 유의적인 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05), 홍언은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 적색도와 황색도는 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 평균입자 직경은 충주팥, 홍언 및 아라리가 각각 66.21~98.80, 61.62~97.07 및 $82.96{\sim}106.71{\mu}m$로 재배방법별로 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 앙금의 미세구조는 타원형 모양의 입자로 세포막과 단백질이 둘러싸서 표면이 거친 것을 볼 수 있다. 수분결합력, 용해도 및 팽윤력 또한 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05).