• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1613-1620
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• 2022

Through previous studies, it was found that news from legacy media, including television, has an agenda-setting effect and priming effect on the perceptions and attitudes of audiences about politics and war, and that film media also has an agenda-setting effect and political priming effect on war issues. However, it is difficult to find studies on the effects of war-related TV documentaries on media audiences. Therefore, in this study, An experimental study was conducted to investigate whether there is a change in 'recognition of the importance of security', 'will for South-North Unification' and 'will to participate in war in case of emergency' for the audience who watched the KBS special <100 Days of Invasion of Ukraine, Part 1 into the Fire>. As a result of the analysis, it was found that watching a war-related TV documentary reinforced the audience's 'recognition of the importance of security' and 'will for South-North Unification'. However, it was confirmed that watching a war-related TV documentary did not strengthen the audience's will to participate in war in case of emergency.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.37-63
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• 2015

The purpose of this study explores the relationship between male inmates' gender stereotypes for female correctional officers and its impact on their stress level while they are doing their time in prisons. To fulfill the purpose of this study, this study uses a set of survey data of 216 male inmates collected from prisons nationwide. The data contains information regarding male inmates' perceptions towards male and female correctional officers as well as their stress level in prisons. The findings of this study suggest that male inmates have low level of gender stereotype against female correctional officers. Further, this study found that none of male inmates' gender perceptions toward female officers has impact on the inmates' reported stress. Rather, perceptions toward the entire correctional officers, which include both gender officers, have influence on the inmates's stress during incarceration. This finding suggests that male inmates consider female officers as a part of professional correctional organization without specific gender stereotype or perceptions toward female officers. It indicates that the concerns regarding the relationship between male inmates and female officers may be a mere myth rather than a serious issues that need to be considered as a barrier for expand female officers carrier opportunity in the corrections systems. Finally, Implications for the research findings for preventing suicide attacks are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.207-214
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• 2014

Recently, smartphone spyware resembles various types of virus components in PCs and has trends getting more and more severe. Users do not perceive the risk factors severely even if smartphone security is very vulnerable in spite of the smartphone spyware growth. Thus, this study observes the influence of information security in selecting smartphone based on the personal inclinations and spyware perceptions. The main variables of study model are such as the degree of personal risk-accepting and the risk of smartphone spyware as independent variables and smartphone purchasing intention as a dependent variable. The model is tested using SPSS 21 packages on the effective 200 samples gathered through questionnaire survey on the present smartphone users. As a result, the two main hypotheses which are "the degree of personal risk-accepting will influence on the perceiving risk of smartphone spyware" and "the perceiving risk of smartphone spyware will influence on smartphone purchasing intention" were significant statistically. Therefore, we could find out information security's influence on the selecting smartphone.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2004

The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of consumer trust in e-business. It examines consumer perceptions trust in a Web site and address following research questions: What factors influence consumer trust in a Web site and what specific Web site cues are associated with trust and satisfaction? We test our hypothesis in a empirical data from 568 consumers across 4 Web sites. By factor analysis, the results show that Web site characteristics are such as product information and purchase process , system stability, navigation, privacy(security), design, information of seller, pay methods, and customer service. We also find that brand and Web site characteristics such as Web site design, navigation, privacy(security), and customer service can explain over 59% of the variance in Web site trust and 60% in satisfaction. The results offer important implication for Web site strategies that include the manipulation of factors influencing Web site trust. And the future directions of the present research are discussed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2022

Educators have been making strides in the research into and practices supporting the policy of mainstreaming students with disability. A move towards including students with intellectual disability in community schools with all the other students can be seen in many countries' education systems, including that of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The 'rights of the child' has been the main argument put forward by advocates of this policy in an attempt to move from the medical to the social model. This study argues that, although mainstreaming can be viewed as a positive trend toward effective education, its implementation remains somewhat problematic. It is believed that more investigative research into professionals' attitudes is needed to improve service provision and inform the administration of mainstreaming practices. The attitudes of special education teachers on the policy of mainstreaming are examined and emerging key themes discussed. Furthermore, challenges that continue to inhibit mainstreaming practices in Saudi Arabia are identified.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.390-399
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• 2022

Cyber security and resilience are phrases that describe safeguards of ICTs (information and communication technologies) from cyber-attacks or mitigations of cyber event impacts. The sole purpose of Risk models are detections, analyses, and handling by considering all relevant perceptions of risks. The current research effort has resulted in the development of a new paradigm for safeguarding services offered online which can be utilized by both service providers and users. customers. However, rather of relying on detailed studies, this approach emphasizes task selection and execution that leads to successful risk treatment outcomes. Modelling intelligent CSGs (Cyber Security Games) using MLTs (machine learning techniques) was the focus of this research. By limiting mission risk, CSGs maximize ability of systems to operate unhindered in cyber environments. The suggested framework's main components are the Threat and Risk models. These models are tailored to meet the special characteristics of online services as well as the cyberspace environment. A risk management procedure is included in the framework. Risk scores are computed by combining probabilities of successful attacks with findings of impact models that predict cyber catastrophe consequences. To assess successful attacks, models emulating defense against threats can be used in topologies. CSGs consider widespread interconnectivity of cyber systems which forces defending all multi-step attack paths. In contrast, attackers just need one of the paths to succeed. CSGs are game-theoretic methods for identifying defense measures and reducing risks for systems and probe for maximum cyber risks using game formulations (MiniMax). To detect the impacts, the attacker player creates an attack tree for each state of the game using a modified Extreme Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (that sees numerous compromises ahead). Based on the findings, the proposed model has a high level of security for the web sources used in the experiment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.463-474
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• 2023

Advances in technology have made it easier for organizations to share information and collaborate. However, collaboration systems where multiple entities share and access information are vulnerable to security. The concept of Software Bill Of Materials (SBOM) has emerged as a way to strengthen information security by identifying and transparently managing the components of software programs. To promote the adoption of SBOM in Korea, this study investigated the intention to use of collaboration system managers. This study was based on the theory of planned behavior and the integrated technology acceptance theory. The results of this study confirmed that performance expectations from SBOM adoption were an important variable for intention to use, and positive attitudes toward security also had an indirect effect through performance expectations. We found that SBOM adoption has an important causal relationship with performance due to the fact that it is targeted at enterprises, and that positive attitudes toward security and social climate can have a strong effect on intention to use.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.9-19
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• 2023

Smart cars, which incorporate information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve driving safety and convenience for drivers, have recently emerged. However, the increasing risk of automotive cybersecurity due to the vulnerability of electronic control units (ECUs) and automotive networks, which are essential for realizing the autonomous driving functions of smart cars, is a major obstacle to the widespread adoption of smart cars. Although there have been only a few real-world cases of smart car hacking, drivers' concerns about the security of smart cars can have a negative impact on their proliferation. Therefore, it is important to understand the risk factors perceived by drivers and the trust in smart cars formed through them in order to promote the future diffusion of smart cars. This study examines the risk factors that affect the formation of trust in smart cars, focusing on security and privacy, and analyzes how these factors affect safety perceptions and trust in smart cars.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.60
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• pp.113-135
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• 2019

Despite being one of the most important national facilities, the National Assembly building of the Republic of Korea has become increasingly vulnerable to potential terrorist attacks, and the instances of demonstrations occurring around and banned items taken into the building are continuing to rise. In addition, promoting the idea of "open assembly" has led to increased visitors and weakened access control. Furthermore, while there is a significant symbolic value attached to attacking the National Assembly building, the level of security management is relatively very low, making it a suitable target for terrorism. In order to address such vulnerability, an appropriate access control system should be in place from the areas surrounding the building. However, the National Assembly Security Service which oversees security around the building is scheduled to disband in June 2020 following the abolition of the conscripted police force in 2023. Therefore, there needs to be an alternative option to bolster the security system outside the facility. In this research, the perceptions of 114 government officials in charge of security at the National Assembly Secretariat toward the protection and security system of the areas surrounding the National Assembly building were examined. Results showed that the respondents believed it was highly likely that risky situations could occur outside the building, and the use of advanced technologies such as intelligent video surveillance, intrusion detection system, and drones was viewed favorably. Moreover, a mid- to long-term plan of establishing a unified three-layer protection system and designating a department in charge of the security outside the building were perceived positively. Lastly, the participants supported the idea of employing private police to replace the National Assembly Security Service for the short term and introducing parliamentary police for the mid- to long-term.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-144
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• 2023

Under the Trump administration, the U.S. has made clear that "China is America's strategic competitor, revisionist power and a major challenge to America's prosperity and security." The Biden administration has largely inherited this perception of China. China has also responded without backing down. Therefore, the U.S.-China strategic competition has become the most important background factor in the international system and has a great impact on the security situation in Northeast Asia. Nevertheless, if you look at the recent process of establishing trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan, we can find that ROK's foreign strategy adjustment has played a key role. This is because establishing trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan depends on improving ROK-Japan relations. And the Yoon Suk Yeol government is pushing for rapid improvement in ROK-Japan relations regardless of domestic political constraints. The trilateral summit at Camp David laid the groundwork for future cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan in security and other broader areas. China is strongly dissatisfied with the formation of trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan. However, this paper argues that although ROK agrees to form trilateral security cooperation with the U.S. and Japan, ROK's strategic objectives are not exactly the same as those of the U.S. and Japan. For example, looking back at the development of the U.S.-Japan alliance after the end of the Cold War, both the U.S. and Japan share similar views and perceptions of China's rise. The real goal of the strengthening of the U.S.-Japan alliance in recent years is also how to cope with China's rise. On the other hand, ROK's previous administrations have been negative about trilateral security cooperation with the U.S. and Japan. This is because ROK's main strategic goal is to reduce or eliminate threats from DPRK rather than respond to China. Faced with increasing DPRK's provocations and threats, more than half of South Koreans are in favor of reinforcing trilateral security cooperation with the U.S. and Japan to contain or mitigate threats from DPRK. As a result, if North Korea's nuclear and missile threats to ROK continue, then ROK's foreign strategy is likely to be to strengthen trilateral security cooperation between the U.S. and Japan to ensure its own safety and survival. If China wants to reduce the strategic pressure from the trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan, the best way is to reduce DPRK's provocations and threats to ROK and play a more substantive role in getting DPRK to give up its nuclear program.