• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to determine whether routine second trimester complete blood cell (CBC) count parameters, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), could predict obstetric outcomes. Methods: We included singleton pregnancies for which the 50-g oral glucose tolerance test and CBC were routinely performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in our outpatient clinic from January 2015 to December 2017. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their pregnancy outcomes as follows: group 1, spontaneous preterm births, including preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes; group 2, indicated preterm birth due to maternal, fetal, or placental causes (hypertensive disorder, fetal growth restriction, or placental abruption); and group 3, term deliveries, regardless of the indication of delivery. We compared the CBC parameters using a bivariate correlation test. Results: The study included 356 pregnancies. Twenty-eight subjects were in group 1, 20 in group 2, and 308 in group 3. There were no significant differences between the three groups in neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts. Although there was no significant difference in NLR, LMR, and PLR between the three groups, LMR showed a negative correlation with gestational age at delivery (r =-0.126, p =0.016). Conclusion: We found that a higher LMR in the second trimester was associated with decreased gestational age at delivery. CBC parameters in the second trimester of pregnancy could be used to predict adverse obstetric outcomes.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.131-152
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the first echo boomer to second in the needs for family strengths and family functions, after controlling the sociodemographic characteristics. Method: For this study, a survey was conducted with 406 never-married young adults, which has 182 first echo boomers and 224 seconds echo boomers as using the same self-report questionnaire. Results: First, the two echo boomer groups exhibited similar patterns in their perception of the three family strengths, positive family values, pursuit of coexistence, and spiritual value, in that order. On the other hand, in regard to family functions, groups' perceived emotion entertainment leisure function as core functions of the family, but the second echo boomers, unlike the first echo boomers, expressed a higher need for economic functions rather than functions for children generation. Second, the analysis of this study indicated that, even in cases where first and second echo boomers had the same social-demographic characteristics, the latter in contrast with the former tended not to regard spiritual values such love for shared ethical values, compassion, and religious beliefs as a family strength, and did not require functions for children generation of the family. Conclusions: From these findings, the differences in the needs for family strengths and functions expressed by the two generations belonging to two different birth cohorts were influenced by various changes in Korean society occurring between the two generations, such as the social divergence in the functions of care and nurture, the increase in one-person and childless households, and the weakening of kinship-centered or communitarian forms of familism.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2024

The solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm (SPEN) of the pancreas is an uncommon tumor that accounts for approximately 1%-2% of exocrine pancreatic neoplasms. It predominantly affects female in their second and third decades of life. In this case report, we present a clinical scenario of a 21-year-old pregnant woman who incidentally discovered a solid cystic lesion in her pancreas, exhibiting features suggestive of SPEN. The patient underwent surgery during the second trimester. Management of pregnant females with SPEN poses challenges due to the absence of definitive treatment guidelines, particularly in determining the ideal timing for surgical intervention. Notably, during pregnancy, the presence of a small SPEN does not necessarily require immediate resection. However, if the tumor is of significant size, it can give rise to complications such as tumor rupture, multivisceral resection, recurrence, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, or premature delivery if not addressed. In the existing literature, a common finding is that approximately two-thirds of pregnant females with SPEN underwent surgery in the second trimester, often without complications for the mother or fetus. All these tumors were larger than 8 cm. The decision to operate before or after birth can be individualized based on team discussion. However, delay in surgery may lead to larger tumors and higher risks like bleeding, rupture, multivisceral resection, and recurrence. Therefore, second-trimester surgery seems safer, and lessens dangers, emergency surgery, and tumor recurrence.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2001

Maternal stress was very common symptom that every pregnant women could have experienced during pregnant period. We found that the causative factors of stress for subjects were physical change(50.8%), family relationship(13.6%), change of body image(7.4%), concern baby(6.8%), economic difficulties(6.4%), depress(4.3%), morning sickness(3%), and miscellaneous(3.5%). According to our study, maternal stress during the first trimester negatively correlated with food and nutrients intake of pregnant women and gave low weight gain during pregnancy and low birth weight of infants. It also significantly correlated with monthly income(p<0.001) and monthly food cost(p<0.001) during pregnant period. Mean intake of Calcium and Iron were $47{\sim}60%$ of RDA and $35{\sim}48$ of RDA, respectively. With the Iron supplement the total intake of Iron exceeded 100% of RDA. We also found majority of food items, except seaweeds, fruits and vegetables, were negatively correlated with maternal stress during three trimesters. Additional support system projected by professionals in health-care field could mediate maternal stress and lead to healthy pregnancy outcome.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2005

This study had a three fold-research purpose. The first research purpose was to understand parenting issues the families with one child are facing. The second purpose was to examine any differences in variables of interest in this study between the two subgroups of this study sorted by maternal employment status. Finally, this study examined which variables of interest in this study predict maternal self-efficacy. The variables of interest in this study included: 1) family demographic variables, 2) maternal self-efficacy, 3) parenting stress, 4) maternal satisfactions with contextual factors, and 5) maternal perceptions of effectiveness of birth-rate promotion policies. The sample consisted of 276 mothers selected from the one child families and the mothers sampled were asked to fill out the self-administered surveys which had been developed for the purpose of this study. The main results of this study were as follows. Overall, the mothers of this study did not have high levels of maternal self-efficacy, when SES of this sample was taken into consideration. Non-working mothers had higher levels of maternal self-efficacy than working mothers. No significant differences were found in parenting stress levels between the two subgroups. There were significant group differences in maternal perceptions of the effectiveness of birth- rate promotion policies. Furthermore, a wide range of variables was found to be a significant predictor of maternal self-efficacy. Implications were discussed.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.227-244
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine how the family of origin and self-disclosure of unmarried persons in early adulthood affected their own intimacy with the opposite sex, which was one of the major developmental tasks for them. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the self-differentiation, self-disclosure, and intimacy with the opposite sex of the single male and female adults investigated were generally at a moderate level. Second, for self-differentiation, the background variables of the male and female adults made no statistically significant difference. For self-disclosure, the background variables of the female adults made no statistically significant difference to that, but the male adults differed significantly from one another in that regard according to their family makeup and birth of order. As for connections between the background variables of the single male and female adults and their intimacy with the opposite sex, the male adults varied in that aspect with their birth order, and whether they were dating and considered getting married made a difference to that as well. In the event of the female adults, whether they considered getting married and how long they were dating made a difference in their intimacy with the opposite sex. Third, concerning the relative influence of the self-differentiation and self-disclosure of the unmarried male and female adults on their intimacy with the opposite sex, their intimacy with the opposite sex improved as division occurred from their original families, when they opened themselves up to more people, when they thought of marriage more and when they were dating for a longer period of time.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제18권3호통권47호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigation the variables that affected the generational transmission of household work form mothers to their married daughter. The subjects were 415 married daughters and their mothers living in Seoul and metropolitan areas. Statistical techniques used for this study included descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows : First, married daughters; value of household work was significantly affected by total periods of marriage of daughters, daughter's perceived similarity to their mothers' household work. Second, married daughters' preference for household work was significantly affected by mother's occupation (managerialㆍprofessional), mother's perceived similarity, daughter's experience of living with mother-in-law, daughter's sex-role attitude, and daughter's perceived similarity. Third, married daughters' ability to do household work was significantly affected by total periods of marriage for mothers, mother's perceived similarity, and daughter's perceived similarity. Fourth, married daughters' standard of household work was significantly affected by mother's perceived similarity, daughter's occupation (techniciansㆍclerk), daughter's monthly income, and daughter's perceived similarity. Fifth, married daughters' usage level of home equipments was significantly affected by mother's birth order, mother's education, mother's occupation (managerialㆍprofessional), daughter's birth order, daughter's education, and daughter's monthly income. Sixth, Mother related variables had greater power than daughter related ones in explaining daughters' values and preference for household work value and preferences and usage of home equipments. In conclusion, married daughter's consciousness and performance of household work were significantly influenced by their mothers. It was especially so in daughter's usage level of hoe equipments. Accordingly, the results of this study support the existence of generational transmission of household work from mothers to their married daughters with regard to its consciousness and performance. Findings of this study have implications for counsellors, practitioners and educators.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.31.1-31.9
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to describe the population structure and inbreeding, and to quantify their effects on weights at different ages of Mehraban sheep in Iran. The analysis was based on the pedigree information of 26990 animals and 10278 body weight records from birth to yearling age. Data and pedigree information were collected during 1994 to 2011 by the breeding station of Mehraban sheep. The population structure was analyzed using the CFC program. Inbreeding of all animals was calculated by INBUPGF90 program. All animals were grouped into three classes according to their inbreeding coefficients: the first class included non-inbred animals (F=0); and the second and third classes included inbred animals (0$F{\geq}0.05$, respectively). The average inbreeding in Mehraban sheep was 1.69%. Founder equivalent ($f_e$) values were estimated to be 4244, 3116 and 2965 during 1994-1999, 2000-2005 and 2006-2011, respectively. The effective population sizes ($N_e$) were 363, 5080 and 5740 during 1994-1999, 2000-2005 and 2006-2011, respectively. Generation interval was 2.15 years for this breed of sheep. Regression coefficients of birth weight, 3-month weight, 6-month weight and yearling weight on lamb inbreeding were estimated to be -6.340.69, -14.685.33, 48.009.43 and 98.6515.65, respectively. Both positive and negative inbreeding effects were found in the current study. The utilization of a program for designed mating system, in the present flock, could be a suitable approach to keep the level of inbreeding under control.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.234-237
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• 2000

The dornor, 2 years old, 20kg and mixed breed, was bred naturally on day 1 and day 3 of estrus and eight gastrulae were collected by flushing the uterus of the donor after laparatomy on day 13 after the second mating. The embryos were frozen by programmable freezer and preserved for about 3 months in liquid nitrogen. Another bitch in natural estrus, 2 years old, 30kg, mixed breed, was selected as the recipient and the frozen embryos(8 gastrulae) were thawed and each 4 embryos were transferred into upper partr of left and right uterine horn, respectively, on day 13 after the proper mating day determined by vaginal smear. The ecipient delivered 6 offspring 48 days after embryo transfer. Of 6 puppies, one was still birth and two puppies died one month after birth. Parentage test was performed by DNA analysis using microsatellite sequences for 3 puppiers, the recipient, the donor, the male dog bred with the donor, and the male dog raised near to the recipient. The markers selected for the test were CXX 873(133-157 base pair) and CXX 894(141-165 base pair). Using primers manufactured according to the markers, the blood samples were processed for polymerase chain reaction and the PCR products were treated for electrophoresis. The three puppies showed identical band to that of recipient, consequently, it was concluded that the puppies were offspring of the recipient mated naturally by the male dog, not the offspring by embryo transfer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1540-1546
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• 2009

One hundred and forty-four piglets with an average birth weight of 1,672${\pm}$13.4 g were used to evaluate different feeding strategies for piglets reared from birth on a dummy sow. A 3${\times}$2 factorial experiment compared three nursing frequencies (1, 3 or 6 h intervals) and two feeding regimes (milk only, or milk combined with access to creep feed and water). The piglets which were nursed at one hour intervals had the lightest body weights at all days, and the poorest combined milk and creep feed dry matter conversion efficiency to piglet body weight gain in the second week. Piglets which were nursed at 3 h intervals had the heaviest body weight at day 15 and 22, but those nursed at 6 h intervals achieved similar body weight by days 29 (milk withdrawal) and 36. Piglets offered creep feed were observed to wean themselves before cessation of milk availability, and the timing of this self-weaning depended on the nursing frequency. The piglets nursed at one hour intervals weaned themselves between day 22 and day 29, those nursed at 3 h intervals weaned themselves between day 15 and day 22, whilst those nursed at 6 h intervals weaned themselves between day 8 and day 15. The piglets which were nursed at 6 h intervals had the highest total dry matter intake in weeks 3 and 4 when fed with milk, creep feed and water but not when fed milk only. They consequently had the poorest dry matter conversion efficiency in the fourth week and overall when fed with milk, creep feed and water, but not when fed milk only. It is concluded that the optimal management routine under these conditions is a 3 h nursing cycle with provision of supplementary creep feed and water.