• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5157-5163
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• 2013

The aim of the study was to evaluate of the knowledge, behavior and health beliefs of individuals over 50 regarding colorectal cancer screening, with a descriptive and cross-sectional design at Karabuk Life and Health Center in Turkey. A total of 160 people meeting set criteria were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part was composed of questions on characteristics of participants and the second part of questions derived from the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Only 15.0% of participants (n=24) had undergone a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), 11.3% (n=18) had had colonoscopy and 4.4% (n=7) had had sigmoidoscopy. Some 90.6% of the participants had low levels of risk awareness about the colorectal cancer. It was found that the average point of severity subscale of participants over 65 is higher than that of participants under 65 (p<0.05). In conclusion, because of the many barriers and health beliefs for the colorectal cancer screening program, the rate of participation in screening programs is not sufficient. Healthcare providers have important responsibilities for increasing rate of attendance in colorectal cancer screening programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6733-6738
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• 2013

Multiple genetic studies have confirmed association of 8q24 variants with susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa risk SNPs may also influence disease outcome, we studied here eight 8q24 risk alleles, and evaluated their role in PCa clinical covariates in northern Chinese men. Blood samples and clinical information were collected from ethnically Chinese men from Northern China with histologically-confirmed PCa (n=289) and from age-matched normal controls (n=288). Eight 8q24 SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-high- resolution melting analysis in 577 subjects. We examined the prevalence distribution of 8q24 risk alleles and analyzed the associations between the risk allele and PCa and clinical covariates to infer their impact on aggressive PCa. Three of the eight SNPs were associated with PCa risk in northern Chinese men, including rs16901966 (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70, p=0.042), rs1447295 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09-1.98, p=0.011) and rs10090154 (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14-2.12, p=0.005). Haplotype analysis based association with the risk alleles revealed significant differences between cases and controls (OR 1.43, 95%CI 0.99-2.06, p=0.049). The risk alleles rs16901966, rs1447295 and rs10090154 were associated with age at diagnosis and tumor stage as compared with controls, while rs16901966 was associated with aggressive PCa (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.01-2.03, p=0.042). The evidence for 8q24 SNPs with PCa risk in northern Chinese men showed rs16901966, rs1447295 and rs10090154 at 8q24 (region 1, region 2) to be strongly associated with PCa and clinical covariates. The three SNPs at 8q24 could be PCa susceptible genetic markers in northern Chinese men.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5965-5967
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• 2012

Cancer is now the main cause of increasing mortality throughout the world. Minor alterations in the cell cycle which are inherited and not removed by apoptosis are important rsik factors. Blood cancers are asmong the types which most readily cause death. Here in this study, usual but important factors such as age, gender, Rh and ABO blood typing, weight, and platelet counts are analyzed for impact on blood cancers. Frequencies and distributions, correlations and chi-square test were utilized in order to clarify the perspective of important factors. Our statistical results show males and females to have same risk in blood cancer but A blood type (40%) along with positive Rh (73%) had the highest risk. Low platelet counts are related to more than 80% of cases. Obesity has a statistically ignorable role in blood cancer prevalence. The fact that blood cancer cases increase during the second decade of life (45.7%) which might be because of involvement of maturation processes.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of viable bifidobacteria and non-digestible carbohydrates on the cecal pH, colonic neoplastic lesion (aberrant crypt) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index in carcinogen-treated mts. Animals received s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (15 mg/kg body weight) twice 3 days apart. Three days after the second carcinogen administration, the treatments were begun. 1he treatments were basal diet (AIN-76) with skim milk (Basal/skim), or the following diets with daily gavage of $10^8$ bifidobacteria: basal (Basal/bifido), $2\%$ fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS/bifido), $2\%$ soybean oligosaccharide (SBO/bifido), $2\%$ wheat bran oligosaccharide (WBO/bifido) and $8.4\%$ wheat bran (WB/bifido). After 4 weeks of treatment, cecal pH was measured using a pH probe. The number of aberrant crypt (AC), aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and crypt multiplicity were enumerated and colonic PCNA labeling index was determined using immunohistochemistry. Cecal pH was significantly reduced in SBO/bifido and FOS/bifido groups compared to control group. However, there were no significant differences in either number of AC or rates of cell proliferation as shown by PCNA labeling index among the groups, although mts fed FOS/bifido reduced the numbers of ACF compared to Basal/skim group. The SBO/bifido group did not reduce the number of ACF or PCNA labeling index. Also, other oligosaccharides did not reduce the risk of colon cancer compared to control group. The concomitant reduction of cecal pH and number of ACF suggest that the combination of bifidobacteria and FOS may reduce the risk of colon cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5565-5571
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• 2015

Background: Previous studies evaluating the association between the excision repair cross complementing group 5 (ERCC5) gene rs17655 polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility generated controversial results. To generate large-scale evidence on whether the ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphism might indeed be associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility, the present meta-analysis was performed. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, with the last report up to Apr 03, 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of any association. Results: A total of nine studies including 5,102 cases and 6,326 controls based on the search criteria were included and significant associations were found between ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphism CG vs GG overall (OR = 1.29, 95% CI =1.18~1.40) and in the dominant model (OR=1.23, 95% CI =1.13~1.33). On subgroup analysis by ethnicity and source of controls, the ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphism was found to correlate with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer among Asians and Caucasians and with hospital-based populations. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphism might contribute to genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3365-3370
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• 2015

Radiotherapy has an important role in the treatment of prostate cancer. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques are all applied for this purpose. However, the risk of secondary radiation-induced bladder cancer is significantly elevated in irradiated patients compared surgery-only or watchful waiting groups. There are also reports of risk of secondary cancer with low doses to normal tissues. This study was designed to compare received volumes of low doses among 3D-CRT, IMRT and VMAT techniques for prostate patients. Ten prostate cancer patients were selected retrospectively for this planning study. Treatment plans were generated using 3D-CRT, IMRT and VMAT techniques. Conformity index (CI), homogenity index (HI), receiving 5 Gy of the volume (V5%), receiving 2 Gy of the volume (V2%), receiving 1 Gy of the volume (V1%) and monitor units (MUs) were compared. This study confirms that VMAT has slightly better CI while thev olume of low doses was higher. VMAT had lower MUs than IMRT. 3D-CRT had the lowest MU, CI and HI. If target coverage and normal tissue sparing are comparable between different treatment techniques, the risk of second malignancy should be a important factor in the selection of treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7467-7472
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. Objectives: The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was $47.8{\pm}12.4years$. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was $5.13{\pm}4.8months$, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. Conclusions: A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding, early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3129-3132
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• 2014

Aims: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk variants for prostate cancer (pCa) mainly in Europeans, which need to be further verified in other racial groups. We selected six previously identified variants as candidates and to define the association with PCa in Northern Han Chinese. Methods: 749 subjects from Beijing and Tianjin in Northern China were included. Six variants (rs10505474, rs7837328, rs4242384, rs7813, rs486907 and rs1058205) were genotyped by high resolution melting (HRM) assays. The individual and cumulative contribution for of the risk of PCa and clinical covariates were analyzed. Results: Among the six candidate variants, onlyrs10505474, and rs7837328, both locating at 8q24 region, were associated with PCa in our population.rs10505474 (A) was associated with PCa ($OR_{recessive}=1.56$, p=0.006); and rs7837328 (A) was associated with PCa ($OR_{dominant}=1.38$, p=0.042/$OR_{recessive}=1.99$, p=0.003). Moreover, we observed a cumulative effects between them ($p_{trend}=2.58{\times}10^{-5}$). The joint population attributable risk showed the two variants might account for 71.85% of PCa risk. In addition, we found the homozygotes of rs10505474 (A) and rs7837328 (A) were associated with PCa clinical covariants (age at onset, tumor stage, respectively) ($p_{age}=0.046$, $P_{tumorstage}=0.048$). Conclusion: rs10505474 (A) and rs7387328 (A) at 8q24 are associated with PCa and cumulatively confer risk, suggesting the two variations could determine susceptibility to PCa in the Northern Chinese Han population.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, and it is expected to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States by 2030. Its 5-year survival rate is <10% and approximately 15% of cases are eligible for surgical treatment during diagnosis. Furthermore, the risk of recurrence within 1 year postoperative is as high as 50%. Therefore, chemotherapy plays a crucial role in pancreatic cancer treatment. Survival rates are speculated to have improved since the introduction of FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel combination therapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer in the 2010s. Additionally, the implementation of both neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments in resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer caused better outcomes compared to upfront surgery. Recently, not only have these medications advanced in development, but so have PARP inhibitors and KRAS inhibitors, contributing to the treatment landscape. This study aimed to explore the latest insights into chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.245-251
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• 2015

Objectives: Intrahepatic recurrence is the major cause of death among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative surgical resection. Several approaches have been reported to decrease the recurrence rate. The objective of our study was to compare the clinical effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) therapy on recurrence after hepatic resection in patients with HBV-related HCC with that of TACE chemotherapy alone. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 228 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related HCC and underwent curative resection between January 2001 to December 2008. The patients were divided into TACE (n = 126) and TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ (n = 102) groups for postoperative chemotherapy. The TACE regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (DDP), and the emulsion mixed with mitomycin C (MMC) and lipiodol. The recurrence rates, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and risk of recurrence were evaluated. Results: The clinicopathological parameters and adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The median OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group (36.3 months) was significantly longer than that of the TACE group (24.5 months, P < 0.05). The 3-and 5-year OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group were significantly longer than those of the TACE group (P < 0.05) and the recurrence rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination therapy, active hepatitis HBV infection, the number of tumor nodules, microvascular invasion, liver cirrhosis, and the BCLC stage were independent predictors of OS and DFS. Conclusions: The use of the TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination chemotherapy after curative hepatic resection safely and effectively improves OS and decreases recurrence in patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk. Our findings can serve as a guide for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk of recurrence.