• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

큰이십팔점박이무당벌레(Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky))의 강릉지역 발생소장과 발육단계별 감자잎 섭식량 및 온도별(10, 15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$) 발육소요기간을 조사하였다. 큰이십팔점박이무당벌레는 연 3회, 즉 5월 하순, 6월 하순 및 8월 하순에 발생하였으며, 특히 5월 하순부터 7월 중순까지 높은 밀도로 발생하여 감자 식물체를 집중적으로 가해하였다. 발육단계별 감자잎 섭식량은 유충의 영기가 진전될수록 많았으며, 4령 유충기에 가장 많은 섭식량을 보였다. 큰이십팔점박이무당벌레 부화율과 우화율은 각각 $10^{\circ}C$ 및 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 매우 낮았고 $20{\sim}23^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았다. 알에서 성충으로 우화되기까지 발육단계별 생육기간은 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데, $10^{\circ}C$에서 90일 정도로 매우 느렸으며 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 40여일, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 25일이 소요되었다. 또한 발육영점온도와 유효적산온도는 알에 대해서 $7.3^{\circ}C$와 83.3 DD, 유충에 대해서 $5.2^{\circ}C$와 294.1 DD, 번데기에 대해서 $6.2^{\circ}C$와 97.1 DD이었다.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 1999년도 국제 Symposium 및 '99 춘계 공동 학술 발표대회
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• pp.55-62
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• 1999

Four species of Paraphysomonas collected from the fast- ice covered area Syowa Station, East Ongul Island ($69^{\circ}00'S,\;39^{\circ}35'$) ,Antarctica occurred in the seawater throughout the year and occasionally in the sea ice. P.. antarctica is distributed to a water depth of 35m at 51.3 during the period from August 1983 to January 1984 and also down to 600m St. 5 in September 1983 at cell concentrations of 300-350 cells/ml. The Paraphysomonas spp. were dominant during the period from July to November 1983 in the area studied. The mode of the occurrence and vertical distribution of Paraphysomonas apparently coresponds to those of the bacteria and orgarnic debris-like matter in the seawater. The main components of the plankton population in the area studied, under ice-covered conditions, are Paraphysomonas, Choanoflagellates and bacteria. This work clarified that Paraphysomonas is one o f the most important bacterivores in the microbial loop of the Antarctic marine ecosystem.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.715-721
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• 2016

Plants have become physiologically adapted to a seasonally shifting environment by evolving many sensory mechanisms. Seasonal flowering is a good example of adaptation to local environmental demands and is crucial for maximizing reproductive fitness. Photoperiod and temperature are major environmental stimuli that control flowering through expression of a floral inducer, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein. Recent discoveries made using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that the functions of photoreceptors are essential for the timing of FT gene induction, via modulation of the transcriptional activator CONSTANS (CO) at transcriptional and post-translational levels in response to seasonal variations. The activation of FT transcription by the fine-tuned CO protein enables plants to switch from vegetative growth to flowering under inductive environmental conditions. The present review briefly summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the information of environmental stimuli is sensed and transduced to trigger FT induction in leaves.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.210-215
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study are to develop the simulation(Tank model, Rainfall-runoff model) for the estimation of wily river discharge and for evaluation of wily pollutant loads from the watersheds of the objected basin area. As apply this constructed Tank model to Nakdong river region, we evaluated the wily river discharge of Nakdong river from use-land conditions, precipitation and evaporation data of 3 years(from 1998 to 2000) and investigate the seasonal fluctuation of SS, COD, TN, TP inflowing into Nakdong river. The result shows that summer has high pollutant level than winter in seasonal characteristic and the down stream has high pollutant level than the upper stream. The annual average of SS, COD, TN, TP flawing in Nakdong river(Samranjin) was estimated each 691ton-COD/year, 1854.2ton-SS/year, 382.8ton-TN/year and 13.0ton- TP/year.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2012

Among others, a question that has long been unanswered is why the seasonal variation of volume transport is larger in the Soya and Korea/Tsushima Straits than in the Tsugaru Strait. An attempt is made to answer this question in terms of the island rule with friction being taken into account. The problem is idealized as a simple model. The model results indicate that volume transport through a channel is determined not only by the circulation created around the adjacent island but also by those created around the neighboring islands farther away. The latter is due to the presence of bottom friction in the channels. The volume transports through the Korea/Tsushima, Tsugaru and Soya Straits estimated from the model using observed wind data show the general pattern of observed seasonality, although they contain large errors associated with the uncertain frictional parameter employed in the model. The model indicates that the observed seasonality arises essentially from the fact that wind stress curl changes its sign, from negative in the summer to positive in winter, following a large fluctuation of zero-stress curl latitude east of Hokkaido.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2002

Seasonal variation in reproductive condition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was investigated from a suspended cultured oyster population in Gosung Bay, South Korea using histological techniques, Gametogenesis of oysters initiated in February when water temperature reached 11 to $13^\circ{C}$. Increase in oocyte size and the number resulting in follicle expansion was observed from March to May First spawning of oysters observed in mid Jun when the surface water temperature reached 22 to $25^\circ{C}$. Spawning activity of oysters extended from mid June to late September with two marked spawning peaks in June and August. Most oysters collected from October to December exhibited few residual eggs in packed follicles exhibiting a typical spent condition. No gametes were observed from December to February from oysters collected in the Bay. Gonadal development of oysters in the Bay seemed to follow a seasonal fluctuation in environmental conditions such as water temperature and food availability in the water column. Spawning of oysters in late June was in part associated with sudden drop in salinity due to vast amount of freshwater input in the Bay after the summer flooding. Sex ratio of oysters was 59.5% male and 39.8% female. Less than 1 percent (0.6%) of the oysters examined were hermaphrodite; few eggs were observed in testis.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2002

국화에서 꽃노랑총채벌레는 4월 상순부터 수확기까지 계속하여 황색끈끈이트랩에 유인되었고, 봄재배에서 4월 하순부터 6월 중순, 가을재배에서는 정식 직후인 8월 중순부터 9월 상순까지 밀도가 높았으며, 봄재배의 피해엽율이 45%수준 가을재배는 35%수준이었다. 이러한 경향은 PVC하우스와 노지 모두 비슷하였으나 꽃당 충수는 노지보다 PVC하우스에서 약간 많았고, 무방제의 경우는 관행방제에 비하여 3배 이상 충의 밀도가 높았다. 꽃노랑총채벌레에 의한 피해엽은 5월 중순부터 관찰되기 시작하여 국화가 생육함에 따라 함께 증가하는 경향으로, 품종에 따라 약간 차이가 있었으나 모두 정의 상관 관계($R^2$ = 0.9200-0.9887$^{**}$ , p>0.01)가 있었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용곤충학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.151-151
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• 2003

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1977

A series of observations of phytoplankton were made at seven station with two control stations in Inchon Dock to clarify the quantity, quality and standing crop of phytoplankton from Oct. to Nov., 1976. Thirty seven species of phytoplankton, representing 18 genera, 36 species, 1 forma were taken in this research. Chaetoceros decipiens, Rhizosolenia delicatula, Hemiaulus sinensis, Chaetoceros affinis and Skeletonema costatum were the dominant species in this area during two moths. By the ecological division, the neritic species occupied 86.5% of total phytoplankton composition. Standing crop of phytoplankton represented much variation: ranging from 263 to 1, 614, 832 cells/l. The maximum happened at station 1 on November.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.117.1-117.1
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• 2011

We present the smoothness of mid-infrared sky brightness from the Japanese infrared astronomical satellite, AKARI observations. AKARI monitored the north ecliptic pole (NEP) during its cold phase with nine wavebands from 2.4 to 24 ${\mu}m$, out of which six mid-infrared bands are used in this study. Simple sinusoidal fit to the seasonal variation of the sky brightness shows that the mid-infrared brightness towards the NEP is not affected by small-scale features of the interplanetary dust cloud. We applied the power spectrum analysis to the images to search for the fluctuation of sky brightness. The fluctuation powers at 200 arcsecond are estimated to be at most $1.58{\pm}0.33\;nW\;m^{-2}sr^{-1}$ or 0.13% of the total brightness at $7{\mu}m$ and a tleast $0.64{\pm}0.11\;nW\;m^{-2}sr^{-1}$ or 0.02% at $18{\mu}m$. The residual fluctuations at a few arcminute scales at short mid-infrared wavelengths (7, 9, and 11 ${\mu}m$) are consistent with those expected from the diffuse galactic light. At long mid-infrared wavelengths (15, 18, and 24 ${\mu}m$) the measured fluctuations are comparable to or smaller than the one caused by photon noise and their sources are not identified. We conclude that the upper limit of the fluctuation in the zodiacal light is about 0.02% of the sky brightness.