• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to determine growth characteristics, dry matter (DM) yield, seasonal yield distribution and nutritive value of early- and late maturity orchardgrass, 1990 to 1992. The cultivars used in this study were Potomac, Hallmark (early maturing cultivar) and Lidacta, Rancho (late maturing cultivar), and a mixture plot (Potomac 25% + Hallmark 25% + Lidacta 25% + Rancho 25%) was involved. The seeding rate was 20 kgha in all treatments. Plant height of Potomac and Hallmark was longer than that of Lidacta and Rancho. The dates of initial heading and 50% heading of early maturing cultivars (Apr. 30 and May 10) were 10 days earlier than those of late matuing cultivars. Potomac and Hallmark were upright, and Lidacta and Rancho were semi-upright type, and severe disease and weeds (30 ~ 40%) were observed at Lidacta plot. On an average of three years, the DM yields of Potomac (10,549 kglna), Hallmark (10,435 kg) and mixture (10,356 kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of Rancho (9,457 kg) and Lidacta (8,218 kg). However, seasonal yield distribution of late maturing cultivars was better than that of early maturing cultivars. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen %ee extract, aude ash, neutral detergent fiber, P, K, Ca, and Mg were not significantly different between cultivars, but higher aude protein yield was found at Potomac, Hallmark and mixture plots. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that early maturing cultivars for high productivity, late maturing cultivars for seasonal yield distribution, and seeding of mixture andlor separation of early- and late maturing cultivars are recommended. Also Lidacta was a not promising cultivar due to low productivity, severe disease, and high weeds development.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.104-109
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• 1988

A field experiment was conducted in order to investigate the seasonal changes of leaf growth and related characteristics in three cultivars of orchardgrass; Potomac, Kay and Sumas. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Leaf elongation was increased in a nearly linear phase during first and third cutting stages. It was increased slowly in early 10 days to 15 days after cutting and increased rapidly thereafter during the rest cutting stages. In cultivars, Potomac was showed hlgher leaf elongation than other cultivars during all cutting stages. There was no difference of leaf width within cutting stages, but the leaf width of fall regrowth was narrow. Sumas had relatively short and wide leaves. 2. Leaf dry weight and leaf area in first cutting stage were larger than others. Leaf area was increased rapidly from 15 days after cutting and leaf $we$ was increased rapidly from 20 days over all cutting stages. The increase in leaf area and dry weight were slow down after 30 days. 3. Number of epidermal cells was increased rapidly after cutting and the rate of increase was slow down after 30 days. In a cross section of leaf tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissues. Leaf tissue had a large vacancy at early growth period after harvest and was filled gradually with mesophyll. This result was related to the increase of leaf dry matter.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1987

The influence of ploidy level on agronomic characteristics in italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam, italicum, was studied using diploids (2x) and tetraploids (4x) on the upland of Livestock Experiment Station, Suweon. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Tetraploid cultivars are in general dark green in leaf color and strong glittered. 2. Diploid cultivars are more resistant to cold than tetraploids but degree of resistance to cold depends on cultivars. The di-and tetraploids did not differ in summer survival and coldand heat resistance of di-Itetraploid cultivars were not related. 3. Tetraploid cultivars have larger leaf-blades, more rapid growth and higher leaf ratio to stem by heading than diploids. 4. Tetraploids possess significantly lower dry matter content than diploids. 5 . Fresh- and dry weight of tetraploids are similar with that of diploids but tetraploids are more leafy than diploids. 6. Seasonal yield depends more on the type of the cultivar than on its tetraploid nature.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

Tillering of orchardgrass during establishment year was considered as an important factor for ground cover and forage yield. Field experiment was conducted to examine seasonal fluctuation of tiller number in three cultivars of orchardgrass; Potomac, Hall-mark, and Sumas, after transplanting with five planting density. Also, effects of plant density and nitrogen application in cultivar, Potomac were studied on tillering, forage yield and various growth characteristics in pot experiment Tillers per plant decreased with increased density and showed seasonal variations. It increased up to July, decreased during summer months, and increased again from October. Sumas had less tillers than other cultivars, especially at high density. Tillers per unit area kept high during spring. After then, there was stady decrease through summer and remained constant without affecting by planting density. Nitrogen application increased tillers per unit area in Potomac up to 20kg/10a, but decreased its tiller production at 40kg/lOa. Maximum number of tiller was obtained in the combinations of 20kg application of nitrogen with higher density than 324 plant per square meter. Forage yield increased as nitrogen application increased, while it did not respond to plant density. Forage yield had high linear correlation between LAI, leaf number with a peak at 2800 culrns. For high forage yielding, it was suggested to obtain optimum number of tillers per unit area in early season as possible, applying of adequate amount of nitrogen with relative high density depend on cultural condition.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2015

Seasonal variation in the contents of sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) in the floret, leaf, and stem of broccoli were studied in ten commercial broccoli cultivars. Plants were grown in the spring and fall seasons in 2011. In both seasons, glucose was the major constituent, comprising about 50% of the total sugar content in the floret and leaf tissue of most cultivars, whereas the broccoli stem showed an unusual pattern of accumulation. Sucrose exhibited greater cultivar dependency as well as seasonal variation compared to fructose and glucose in floret and leaf tissues. The floret tissue had a higher total content of sugar in the spring compared to the fall due to an increase in glucose and fructose. However, most of the leaf and stem tissues of broccoli had a higher total sugar content in the fall compared to the spring. Furthermore, stem and leaf tissues possessed a relatively higher total sugar content compared to floret tissue in both seasons. 'Grandeur' broccoli contained a significantly greater amount of total sugar in both floret and leaf tissues in both seasons, whereas 'YuDoRi No.1' broccoli exhibited the highest total content of sugar in stem tissue. At overall, the results showed significant influences of genotype, plant part and growing season on sugar content in broccoli.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2013

To evaluate seasonal variation in fatty acid composition in broccoli, 12 commercial cultivars of broccoli were grown in spring and fall season at the field of NIHHS, and their floret, leaf and stem parts were used for the fatty acid composition analyses. Among 14 fatty acids detected in broccoli, linolenic, palmitic and linoleic acids were major fatty acids comprising more than 80% of total fatty acids in both the seasons and all the parts. Likewise, stearic and oleic acids were also present in considerable amount while remaining fatty acids; caproic, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids showed their minor compositional ratio. Among the three parts, stem exhibited highest SFAs (49.681% in spring and 50.717% in fall season) compared to MUFA and PUFA, while highest compositional ratio of PUFAs were observed in leaves (62.588% in spring and 68.931% in fall season), which indicates leaves as a good source of health beneficial fatty acids. In contrast, floret part exhibited highest SFA (48.786%) and PUFA (57.518%) in spring and fall seasons, respectively. Major fatty acids; palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid showed lowest cultivar dependent variation (below 10%) and leaf showed least variation in both the seasons compared to floret and stem. Our results suggest that all the fatty acids are significantly influenced by genotype of cultivars (C), plant parts (P) and growing seasons (S). Among the 14 fatty acids, myristic and palmitic acid showed highest positive or negative correlationship with oleic (r=$0.912^{**}$) and linolenic acid (r=-$0.933^{**}$), respectively. The most abundant fatty acid, linolenic acid, showed either negative or no correlation ship with other fatty acids while palmitic acid, a second major fatty acid, exhibited either positive or negative correlation ship.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 1988

A field experiment was conducted in order to investigate the seasonal changes of leaf grwoth and related characteristics in three cultivars of orchardgrass; Potomac, Kay and Sumas. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Leaf elongation was increased in a nearly linear phase during first and third cutting stages. It was increased slowly in early 10 days to 15 days after cutting and increased rapidly there-after during the rest cutting stages. In cultivars, Potomac was showed higher leaf elongation than other cultivars during all cutting stages. There was no difference of leaf width within cutting stages, but the leaf width of fall regrwoth was narrow. Sumas had relatively short and wide leaves. 2. Leaf dry weight and leaf area in first cutting stage were larger than others. Leaf area was increased rapidly form 15 days after cutting and leaf weight was increased rapidly from 20 days over all cutting stages. The increase in leaf area and dry weight were slow down after 30 days. 3. Number of epidermal cells was increased rapidly after cutting and the rate of increase was slow down after 30 days. In a cross section of leaf tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissues. Leaf tissue had a large vacancy at early growth period after harvest and was filled gradually with mesophyll. This result was related to the increase of leaf dry matter.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

여름무 품종별 무의 절임 특성을 알아보기 위해, 절임 염수(소금 농도: 15%) $(2{\times}2{\times}2\;cm)$로 절단한 3 품종('백봉', '관동', '92343')의 여름 무를 2배의 절임 염수에 넣어 $15^{\circ}C$에서 절이면서 절임 중 깍두기 무의 염도, 중량, 수분함량, 가용성 고형물 함량 및 경도(TPA)를 알아보았다. 3 품종의 깍뚜기 무 모두 절임 시간이 경과 될수록 염도, 가용성 고형물 함량은 증가하였으며, 중량 및 수분함량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, texture analyser에 의한 경도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 깍두기 무의 소금 농도가 3%에 달할 때까지의 절임 염수의 소금 농도에 따른 최적 절임 시간은 '백봉'은 3시간, '관동' 및 '92343'은 4시간이 적당하였다. 절이는 동안 중량 감소율은 '백봉'이 약간 컸고, '관동' 및 '92343'은 비슷하였다. '관동'과 '92343'은 '백봉'에 비해 수분함량이 적었고, 가용성 고형물 함량이 많았으며 경도가 높았으며 '백봉'은 수분함량이 많고 가용성 고형물 함량이 적었고 경도가 낮았다. 한편, 절임무의 계절별 특성을 알아보고자 '백봉' 및 '백관' 2 품종에 대해 10% 또는 15%의 절임 염수에서 절이는 동안의 깍두기 무중의 염도가 3%에 달하였을때의 절임무 특성을 계절별로 알아본 결과, '백봉'은 염침투 속도, 중량 감소정도, 가용성 고형물 함량 및 경도가, '백광'은 염침투 속도, 중량 감소정도 및 경도가 가을이 봄 및 여름에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 수분 함량은 두 품종 모두 봄 및 여름이 가을에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2000

국내에서 재배되는 약용식물인 정선시호와 삼도시호 두 재배종의 생육특성을 비교한 결과 , 정선시호가 삼도시호보다 경장이 크고 주당근중이 높았으며 숙기가 빠른 반면, 삼도시호는 정선시호보다 경엽중이 크고 지경수가 많았으며 근피율이 높았다. 주요 생육형질들의 개체간 변이는 삼도시호가 정선시호보다 대체로 높았다. 생육형질들간의 상관분석에서 근중, 근경 등 지하부형질과 경태, 경엽중, 지경수 등 지상부형질과 정의 관계를 나타냈다. 생육시기별 두 재배종 시호의 생육량 변화를 비교한 결과, 두 재배종 모두에서 경장, 마디수는 9월 이후 거의 변화가 없었으나 근장, 지경수는 11월까지 계속 증가하는 경향을 보 였다. 경엽중과 근중은 두 재배종 모두 9월 이후에 계속 증가하였다. 삼도시호는 경엽중 증가율이, 정선시호는 근중 증가율이 높았다. 그리고 근중비율은 정선시호에서, 근피율은 삼도시호에서 생육기간중 계속 높게 나타났으며, 특히 삼도시호의 경우 10월 이후까지 두 형질이 계속 증가하는 경향이었다. 개화기의 경우 정선시호 (8월 17일) 가 삼도시호 (9월 16일) 보다 1개월 빨랐으며 정선시호는 8월 30일에, 삼도시호는 9월 30일경에 전부 개화하였다. 두 재배종 시호의 기본적 생육특성의 차이는 숙기에 있었으며, 정선시호는 10월 정도에 지상부 생육이 거의 정지하였고 개화기가 늦은 삼도시호는 11월까지 계속 생육이 진행되었다. 개화가 빠른 정선시호는 근중이 높았는데 뿌리 생육기간이 상대적으로 길었기 때문으로 생각되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.72-84
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• 1993

우리나라 주요 벼 장려품종들의 식미관련 이화학적 특성의 품종 및 작기간변이와 이들 특성간 상관관계를 밝히고자 1991년 작물시험장 벼 품종전시포에서 보통식 및 만직재배로 생산된 23품종 및 보통식 4개 품종과 일본에서 생산된 3개 품종에 대한 아밀로스함량 및 단백질함량을 위시하여 미식미계 검정치, 취반특성, 밥의 물성, 미분의 Viscogram 특성등을 검정한 결과를 분석 검토하였던 바 그 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보통식에 비해 만직에서 아밀로스함량, 식미계의 맛치, 취반용출액 요-드 정색도 및 취반용출액 요-드 정색도 / 용출고형물량 비등은 유의하게 증가한 반면, 식미계의 점성치, Mg/KㆍN 치, 가열흡수률, 손실정접과 setback을 제외한 viscogram 특성치 등은 현저하게 감소하는 경향이였고 대부분의 특성에서 만식의 경우 보통식에 비해 품종간변이가 좁아지는 경향이었다. 2. 작기간 변이는 거의 무시할 정도로 작으면서 주로 품종간변이에 의해 좌우되었던 특성은 단백질함량, 밥 용적팽창률, 미분의 set back 치와 Rheolograh-Micro에 의해 측정된 모든 밥의 물리적 특성치였다. 특히 작기간변이가 컸던 특성은 아미노스함량, 식미계점성치, 가열흡수률, 취반용출액 요-드 정색도/용출고형물량 비 최고 및 최저 점도, breakdown치 등이었으며 품종$\times$작기간 교호작기용변이가 컸던 특성은 식미계의 맛치, 가열흡수률, 용출고형물량, 최종점도 및 setback치 등이었다. 3. 아밀로스함량은 조생종이 중생 내지 중만생종에 배해 낮은 편이었고 품종에 따라서 만식에 따른 함량변이정도가 달랐다. 취반용출액 요-드 정색도 / 용출고형물질 비는 일반적으로 조생종들이 작기에 따른 변화정도가 작았다. 4. 아미로스함량은 취반용출액 요-드 정색도 및 이와 용출고형물질간비와 식미계점성치는 Mg/KㆍN 치 및 맛치와 두 작기에서 모두 밀접한 상관성을 나타내었다. 또한 식미계점성치는 보통식에서 취반특성들과는 부, 손실정접과는 유의한 정상관을 나타내었으나 만식에서는 이러한 경향을 찾아 볼수 없었다. 5. 어느 작기산이든간에 취반용출액의 요-드 정색도가 높은 품종일수록 용출고형물량도 많아지는데 취반액요-드 정색도와 손실정접, 최고비도 및 breakdown치간의 필요한 상관성은 보통식에서만 유의성이 인정 되었다. 또한 취반액요-드 정색도 / 용출고형물량 비는 보통직에서 최고비도, breakdown 및 breakdown / setback치와, 만식에서 손실정접 및 동적빙성율과 고도의 부의 상관을 보였다. viscogram특성 상호간에는 두 작기에서 모두 서로 밀접한 상관성을 보였다. 6. 식미와 관련성이 높다는 이화학적 특성을 중심으로 집약분석법에 의해 공시품종들을 두 개 군으로 대별해 볼수 있었는데 한ㆍ일 양국의 양식미품종들이 서로 다른 군에 속했다.