• 기록학연구
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• 제19호
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• pp.3-55
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• 2009

건축문화재 기록은 건축문화재 관리 업무의 과정과 결과로 만들어지며, 문화재청 및 지방자치단체 그리고 문화재수리업자와 같은 복수의 주체가 동일 문화재의 관리 업무를 각각 담당한다. 또한 업무의 특성상 설계도면 등의 특수한 성격의 기록과 다수의 사진, 동영상 기록 등을 포함하므로, 건축문화재에 대한 관리 업무의 절차와 그 기록의 특수성을 파악하는 것이 전제되어야 하고, 이에 따라 생산되고 관리되어야만 건축문화재 기록의 가치를 상실하지 않게 된다. 본 연구는 건축문화재 관리 업무 현장의 현실에 맞는 기록관리의 방법을 제안하고, 건축문화재 기록을 효율적으로 관리하고 차후에 활용하기 위해 지정문화재와 등록문화재를 대상으로 하여 건축문화재 관리업무 및 생성 기록의 특성을 파악함과 동시에 이러한 특성에 맞는 통합적이고도 과학적인 기록관리의 방안을 제안하는 것이 목표이다. 연구결과 건축문화재 기록의 관리에 있어서 가장 큰 문제점은 기관별로 분산되어 있는 관리체계이다. 이에 기록 생산 기관인 문화재청, 지방자치단체, 문화재수리업자 각각이 기록을 분산 관리하되 통일된 시스템에 기록을 등록 관리하는 네트워킹 체계를 구축하는 방안과 전문 시설과 인력을 갖춘 전문적인 기록물 관리기관으로서의 건축문화재 전문 아카이브즈를 만들어 이를 통해 기록들을 통합 관리하는 방안을 제안한다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2019

본 논문은 학습데이터의 크기에 따른 사례기반추론기법이 주가예측력에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 살펴본다. 삼성전자 주가를 대상을 학습데이터를 2000년부터 2017년까지 이용한 경우와 2015년부터 2017년까지 이용한 경우를 비교하였다. 테스트데이터는 두 경우 모두 2018년 1월 1일부터 2018년 8월 31일까지 이용하였다. 시계 열데이터의 경우 과거데이터가 얼마나 유용한지 살펴보는 측면과 유사사례개수의 중요성을 살펴보는 측면에서 연구를 진행하였다. 실험결과 학습데이터가 많은 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 예측력이 높았다. MAPE을 기준으로 비교할 때, 학습데이터가 적은 경우, 유사사례 개수와 상관없이 k-NN이 랜덤워크모델에 비해 좋은 결과를 보여주지 못했다. 그러나 학습데이터가 많은 경우, 일반적으로 k-NN의 예측력이 랜덤워크모델에 비해 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. k-NN을 비롯한 다른 데이터마이닝 방법론들이 주가 예측력 제고를 위해 학습데이터의 크기를 증가시키는 것 이외에, 거시경제변수를 고려한 기간유사사례를 찾아 적용하는 것을 제안한다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.303-345
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• 2019

이 논문은 포탈사이트 Daum에 연재되고 있는 김나임 작가(글/그림)의 웹툰 <바리공주>를 대상으로, 콘텐츠의 서사 구조와 댓글 분석을 질적/양적 방법론을 병행해 수행함으로써, 바리공주 서사무가라는 고전을 기반으로 한 웹툰 콘텐츠의 창작과 수용에 매개된 다층적 대화 양상을 해명했다. 웹툰 <바리공주>는 단위 서사가 독립적, 다선적, 중층적으로 연결되는 옴니버스 구성을 취하되, 바리의 성장담과 로맨스를 통해 개별서사를 통합하는 서사적 장치를 활용했다. 이때 작가는 예고편을 통해 고전원작(서사무가)을 웹툰의 프리퀄에 해당하는 전사(前史)로 활용했고, 원작이 지닌 젠더 비대칭성과 가부장제의 문제에 서사적으로 응답하는 서사적 재구성을 시도했다. 이에 대해 수용자는 비평적/성찰적 차원의 댓글로 토의하는 대화적 공론장을 형성했다. 표집을 통한 통계 분석에 따르면, 댓글의 양상은 〔콘텐츠에 대한 감상과 비평 ≫ 감정 반응 ≫ 직관적 총평 ≫ 지식과 성찰 ≫ 댓글평〕의 순으로 나타났다. 웹툰 <바리공주>의 창작과 수용에는 고전과 현대, 콘텐츠와 수용자, 수용과 창작 차원의 다층적 대화 양상이 작동했다. 창작의 차원에서 작가는 신화적 상징의 간극을 메우는 장치를 활용했으며, 수용자의 차원에서는 댓글을 통해 전통/민속/문화에 대한 정보와 지식, 성찰을 공유하는 문화를 형성했다. 이는 웹툰을 매개로 한 고전과 현대의 대화에 해당한다. 수용자는 웹툰의 향유를 통해, 정보를 보완하고 공감대를 형성하며, 해석학적 조율을 시도하고, 논쟁을 통해 시각을 조율하는 과정을 보였다. 또한 댓글을 다는 태도, 시각, 입장에 대해 논평함으로써, 문학에서의 메타비평에 해당하는 행위 양태를 보였다. 수용자의 댓글은 웹툰의 창작에 피드백 정보로 작용함으로써, 창작과 수용 자체가 웹툰 콘텐츠 제작에 영향을 미치는 실천적 역량으로 작동했다. 이 글은 고전을 기반으로 한 웹툰 <바리공주>가 고전과 현대, 작가와 수용자, 연구자간의 다양한 대화성을 형성함으로써, 감각, 사유, 비평, 성찰에 이르는 '움직이며 역동하는' 콘텐츠로 재구성된다는 것을 구체적으로 해명하는 케이스 스터디로 수행되었다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제22호
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• pp.371-411
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• 2011

빠르게 변화하는 21세기의 문화 흐름에 있어 공연예술은 그 고유의 정체성을 확립하는 동시에 상상력과 창의력을 바탕으로 한 새로운 표현양식을 필요로 하고 있다. 현대의 변화된 테크놀로지 환경은 최첨단 기술력을 뒷받침으로, 새로운 경험에 의한 사유의 확장을 가져오고 있는 것이다. 특히 예술표현에 대한 디지털 매체의 직접적인 개입은 공연 예술 주체인 인간의 신체성을 확장시키고 있다. 디지털에 의해 가상화된 신체는 물리적 한계를 벗어나 시공간의 경계를 넘나들며, 관객으로 하여금 새로운 상호 작용의 가능성을 제시하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 세계 최초의 전문 로봇 배우인 '에버'를 중심으로 탈신체화 된 공연예술의 표현주체와 디지털화된 움직임에 대해 살펴보려 한다. 디지털 신체라는 새로운 표현 매체의 변화에 따라 등장한 로봇 배우는 테크놀로지적 가치 뿐 만 아니라, 문화 예술적 활용 가능성에 대한 연구가 필요하기 때문이다. 이를 위하여 이론적 배경으로 '에버'의 개발과정과 기능을 조사하고, 세계 최초라는 타이틀이 지니는 역사적 중요성과 함께 인간을 대신한 배우로서의 역할을 어떠한 방식으로 수행하는지 살펴볼 것이다. 그리고 구체적 사례연구로 공연예술 분야의 판소리 극 "에버가 기가 막혀(2009)"와 어린이 연극 "로봇공주와 일곱 난쟁이(2009)"를 조사하고, 그 외 다양한 활동분야에서의 활약을 통해 배우로서의 가능성을 살펴본다. 이를 통하여 로봇 배우의 발전적인 진화 방향 탐구와 공연예술에 미칠 영향력을 예상하고, 적극적인 문화 콘텐츠화 방안 추진으로 나아가 로봇 배우의 대중화와 활성화를 통한 고부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 방안 모색을 그 목적으로 한다. 로봇 테크놀로지가 융합된 공연은 예술적 실험의 한 형태로, 인간신체와 기계인간이 어우러져 기술적 상상력을 현실화시키며 미래형 공연예술의 변화를 초래할 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 공연예술과 로봇 테크놀로지와의 만남이 현 시대가 추구하는 하나의 총체적 문화 현상으로 공연예술 활성화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 나아가 다양한 영역으로의 확장을 향한 계기가 되기를 기대한다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.85-143
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• 1997

The main purpose of the investigation of an accident caused by aircraft is to be prevented the sudden and casual accidents caused by wilful misconduct and fault from pilots, air traffic controllers, hijack, trouble of engine and machinery of aircraft, turbulence during the bad weather, collision between birds and aircraft, near miss flight by aircrafts etc. It is not the purpose of this activity to apportion blame or liability for offender of aircraft accidents. Accidents to aircraft, especially those involving the general public and their property, are a matter of great concern to the aviation community. The system of international regulation exists to improve safety and minimize, as far as possible, the risk of accidents but when they do occur there is a web of systems and procedures to investigate and respond to them. I would like to trace the general line of regulation from an international source in the Chicago Convention of 1944. Article 26 of the Convention lays down the basic principle for the investigation of the aircraft accident. Where there has been an accident to an aircraft of a contracting state which occurs in the territory of another contracting state and which involves death or serious injury or indicates serious technical defect in the aircraft or air navigation facilities, the state in which the accident occurs must institute an inquiry into the circumstances of the accident. That inquiry will be in accordance, in so far as its law permits, with the procedure which may be recommended from time to time by the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO). There are very general provisions but they state two essential principles: first, in certain circumstances there must be an investigation, and second, who is to be responsible for undertaking that investigation. The latter is an important point to establish otherwise there could be at least two states claiming jurisdiction on the inquiry. The Chicago Convention also provides that the state where the aircraft is registered is to be given the opportunity to appoint observers to be present at the inquiry and the state holding the inquiry must communicate the report and findings in the matter to that other state. It is worth noting that the Chicago Convention (Article 25) also makes provision for assisting aircraft in distress. Each contracting state undertakes to provide such measures of assistance to aircraft in distress in its territory as it may find practicable and to permit (subject to control by its own authorities) the owner of the aircraft or authorities of the state in which the aircraft is registered, to provide such measures of assistance as may be necessitated by circumstances. Significantly, the undertaking can only be given by contracting state but the duty to provide assistance is not limited to aircraft registered in another contracting state, but presumably any aircraft in distress in the territory of the contracting state. Finally, the Convention envisages further regulations (normally to be produced under the auspices of ICAO). In this case the Convention provides that each contracting state, when undertaking a search for missing aircraft, will collaborate in co-ordinated measures which may be recommended from time to time pursuant to the Convention. Since 1944 further international regulations relating to safety and investigation of accidents have been made, both pursuant to Chicago Convention and, in particular, through the vehicle of the ICAO which has, for example, set up an accident and reporting system. By requiring the reporting of certain accidents and incidents it is building up an information service for the benefit of member states. However, Chicago Convention provides that each contracting state undertakes collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, standards, procedures and organization in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which such uniformity will facilitate and improve air navigation. To this end, ICAO is to adopt and amend from time to time, as may be necessary, international standards and recommended practices and procedures dealing with, among other things, aircraft in distress and investigation of accidents. Standards and Recommended Practices for Aircraft Accident Injuries were first adopted by the ICAO Council on 11 April 1951 pursuant to Article 37 of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation and were designated as Annex 13 to the Convention. The Standards Recommended Practices were based on Recommendations of the Accident Investigation Division at its first Session in February 1946 which were further developed at the Second Session of the Division in February 1947. The 2nd Edition (1966), 3rd Edition, (1973), 4th Edition (1976), 5th Edition (1979), 6th Edition (1981), 7th Edition (1988), 8th Edition (1992) of the Annex 13 (Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation) of the Chicago Convention was amended eight times by the ICAO Council since 1966. Annex 13 sets out in detail the international standards and recommended practices to be adopted by contracting states in dealing with a serious accident to an aircraft of a contracting state occurring in the territory of another contracting state, known as the state of occurrence. It provides, principally, that the state in which the aircraft is registered is to be given the opportunity to appoint an accredited representative to be present at the inquiry conducted by the state in which the serious aircraft accident occurs. Article 26 of the Chicago Convention does not indicate what the accredited representative is to do but Annex 13 amplifies his rights and duties. In particular, the accredited representative participates in the inquiry by visiting the scene of the accident, examining the wreckage, questioning witnesses, having full access to all relevant evidence, receiving copies of all pertinent documents and making submissions in respect of the various elements of the inquiry. The main shortcomings of the present system for aircraft accident investigation are that some contracting sates are not applying Annex 13 within its express terms, although they are contracting states. Further, and much more important in practice, there are many countries which apply the letter of Annex 13 in such a way as to sterilise its spirit. This appears to be due to a number of causes often found in combination. Firstly, the requirements of the local law and of the local procedures are interpreted and applied so as preclude a more efficient investigation under Annex 13 in favour of a legalistic and sterile interpretation of its terms. Sometimes this results from a distrust of the motives of persons and bodies wishing to participate or from commercial or related to matters of liability and bodies. These may be political, commercial or related to matters of liability and insurance. Secondly, there is said to be a conscious desire to conduct the investigation in some contracting states in such a way as to absolve from any possibility of blame the authorities or nationals, whether manufacturers, operators or air traffic controllers, of the country in which the inquiry is held. The EEC has also had an input into accidents and investigations. In particular, a directive was issued in December 1980 encouraging the uniformity of standards within the EEC by means of joint co-operation of accident investigation. The sharing of and assisting with technical facilities and information was considered an important means of achieving these goals. It has since been proposed that a European accident investigation committee should be set up by the EEC (Council Directive 80/1266 of 1 December 1980). After I would like to introduce the summary of the legislation examples and system for aircraft accidents investigation of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden, Swiss, New Zealand and Japan, and I am going to mention the present system, regulations and aviation act for the aircraft accident investigation in Korea. Furthermore I would like to point out the shortcomings of the present system and regulations and aviation act for the aircraft accident investigation and then I will suggest my personal opinion on the new and dramatic innovation on the system for aircraft accident investigation in Korea. I propose that it is necessary and desirable for us to make a new legislation or to revise the existing aviation act in order to establish the standing and independent Committee of Aircraft Accident Investigation under the Korean Government.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.119-138
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• 2011

지난 십년동안 인터넷을 통한 전자상거래는 빠른 속도로 성장해 왔다. 이러한 인터넷의 발달은 기업들의 사업방식에 많은 변화를 유도했으며, 그 중에서도 마케팅경로의 구조와 경로 구성원들 사이의 관계에 중요한 변화를 초래하고 있다. 각 기업이 처한 시장환경은 다양하며 이 다양한 시장 환경은 인터넷 경로가 각 시장에 미치는 효과를 조절하는 역할을 한다. 이러한 시장의 다양성에도 불구하고 지금까지의 선행연구들은 각기 특정한 하나의 시장상황(unique setting)을 상정하여 인터넷경로 도입이 그 시장에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 그쳐왔다. 이러한 기존 연구의 공백을 채우기 위해 본 연구는 시장의 다양성을 소비자의 지리적 분포, 시장의 인터넷 수용도의 측면에서 살펴보고 이러한 시장 환경이 인터넷 경로 도입 효과에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 다양한 소비자들의 지리적 분포, 경쟁강도, 소비자의 인터넷 상거래에 대한 수용도 등을 포함한 다양한 시장 환경을 수요모형에 반영시켜 그 영향력 분석을 가능하도록 하였다. 그러나, 다양한 시장 요소를 모형에 반영하는 과정에서 수요모형이 복잡한 구조를 가지게 되었다. 이 문제를 극복하고 게임이론의 균형해를 도출하기 위해 Newton-Raphson algorithm을 사용한 numerical search 방법을 사용하였다. 분석결과 두 종류의 경로에 대한 소비자선호의 분포에 따라 생산자의 가격차별정도, 생산자와 독립소매상 간의 경로이윤 배분율, 그리고 인터넷경로 도입이 각 경로주체의 이윤 향상에 도움이 되는지의 여부, 소비자잉여 등이 달라질 수 있음을 발견하였다. 끝으로 연구의 학술적, 실무적 시사점과 한계점 및 향후 연구방향도 논의되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2005

Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.