• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the water absorption, water-holding capacity, color and mineral contents in natural and cultured dried sea mustards on soaking treatment. Four dried samples of natural and cultured sea mustards were used for the experiments. The effects of soaking treatment on water absorption and water-holding capacity in sea mustards were examined, as the results, these were rapidly accelerated 5 minutes after soaking. It showed that water-holding capacity was significantly high in the case of high absorption of water by soaking. The L, a and b values were increased until 30 minutes after soaking. There was significant difference for potassium content between dried natural and dried cultured sea mustards and the natural sea mustard was 10 times as high as the cultured sample. All mineral elements in these materials were significantly decreased and especially, potassium were significantly more decreased at 50~80% of total content by soaking treatment. Ca/ P ratio in these materials by soaking was about 2~3 : 1 levels.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.261-271
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• 2009

Deep sea water exists at depths of over 200m under the sea. As no sunlight reaches it, photosynthesis does not take place within it, and it contains no organic matter. In addition, its temperature is maintained at a stable low level throughout the year, so it does not get mixed with the sea water on the surface. It contains a large amount of nutritious salts, whose cleanness is maintained. It is a marine resource that has matured for a long period of time. Research into deep sea water, which started in the 1970s, has been made around the whole world, including the USA and Japan. In Korea, research has been active in this area since 2000. As there has been a good amount of research into industrial applications for deep sea water, since 1993, patents for the relevant technologies have been applied. This paper intends to provide a resource to researchers of deep sea water, by summarizing of all domestic deep sea water-related patents applied with Korean Intellectual Property Office from 1993 to 2008. This research was conducted using a computer and KIPRIS Database owned by the Korea Institute of Patent Information. 'Deep sea water' was used as the search keyword. A total of 222 Korean patents relating to deep sea water have been registered on the basis of IPC. Of these, 126 patents relate to the manufacturing and the treatment of foods, foodstuffs, or non-alcoholic beverages(A23L), while 50 patents relate to the production for medical, dental, or cosmetic purposes(A61K). 38 patents relate to water purification, treatment of wastewater, sewage and sludge (C02F), while 8 patents relate to fishery and farming(A01K). In summary, it was found that studies for the practical use of deep sea water have been conducted in relation to the manufacturing and the treatment of foods, foodstuffs, beverages, and cosmetics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 1998

As the leakage of crude oil from tankers breaks out frequently, it caused a serious problem for ocean pollution and calls for developing treatments to handle the leaked crude oil and mitigate the pollution. Thus it is required to develop new purification technolgies and appropriate treatment systems which have sufficient treatment capability in order to cope with the anticipated ocean pollution. In this experiment, A and B type heavy oils were used to make the emulsion of both water containing heavy oil and sea-water containing heavy oil. The following are the main results from this study ; 1. When A and B type heavy oils were added to the original sea-water and treatedin the homogrenizer respectively, the particle of oil beacame smaller in both cases. Under the same condition, while the initial oil density of sea-water containing B-heavy oil is higher than of emulsion with A-heavy oil, the particle of A-heavy oil is finer than that of B-heavy oil. 2. When A and B type heavy oils were added to distilled water and treated in the homogenizer respectively, the particle was more dispersed and finer than that in the case of sea-water in both cases. In this result, the water containing oil formed more stable emulsion than the sea-water containing oil. 3. In this experiment, all emulsions showed oil in water types. 4. Since the oil particle is larger in the sea-water than in the distillated water, interms of elimination of oil, it is thought to be more important to give Membrane treatment after implementing sandfilter, activity carbon, coagulation-sedimentation and floating separation as pre-treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deep sea water on fruit quality and yield of tomato. In the deep sea water treatments, fruit growth and weight were decreased as the concentration of deep sea water increased. Especially, the fresh weight of second truss was decreased significantly than first truss. Soluble solid content was increased significantly in higher concentration treatment especially at 30mM and 40mM treatment. That was increased more in the first than in the second truss fruits. Most of hexose in fruits were glucose and fructose. The reason of increased glucose and fructose contents was the decline of growth because of salinity stress by deep sea water treatment. however deep sea water treatment increased the lycopene content, especially in 20mM treatment. It is assumed that deep sea water treatment cause induction and promotion of ethylene. The higher concentration of deep sea water to the solution, the eater fruit quality improvement was noticed. However, proportional yield reduction accompanied concentration, 20mM deep sea water improved fruit quality without a significant yield reduction. The Re content was the highest among ginsenosides in all treatments. The contents total of ginsenosides in all treatments, except EC 8 treatment, was higher than those in the controlled treatment. The PT/PD value was 1.31 of the lowest in the EC 8 treatment and was 2.52 of the highest in the EC6 treatment. Rf contents in high increase was detected at all treated ginseng roots.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2012

This paper describes the potential use of deep sea water to stimulate seed germination in both common and Tartary buckwheat. Treatment of 10% deep sea water at $25^{\circ}C$ would slightly enhance germination of buckwheat seeds compared to non-DSW treatment and other temperature. In this study, the significant effects of photoperiod and temperature on seedling growth were also found in the HL treatment for the number of leaf, plant height, and plant fresh weight and LL treatment for root length and leaf size. Common buckwheat (Suwon No.1) showed higher rate (93%) of flowering plants in the HS and LL (93% of flowering rates) than those revealed in the HS and LS treatment, while the low percentage(67%) of plant flowering plants was shown in the LS treatment. All plants (100%) of a Korean landrace, Ahndong-jaerae showed flowers in the HS and LS treatment. HL and LL treatment status did not occur in the plant's flowering. Any Tartary buckwheat (KW45) plant did not yet flowered when it was 21 days-old.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to measure the removal characteristics of organic matter and bacteria with the use of ozone to reduce the problems caused by bacteria and organic matter which appear in sea-water is summer season. When the total input of ozone was $1.4mg/{\ell}O_3$, the removal rate of bacteria and E-coli from sea-water proved to be 100%. With the same input of ozone, on the other hand, the removal rate of COD turned to be relatively low, 50%, which was to the fact that sea-water consists of salt matter which is a kind of COD matter. This result supports the idea that we can keep using ozone steadily in the future to remove organic matters and bacteria from sea-water because ozone destructs relatively less salt matter in sea-water. Also, the treatment effect rate of SS, turbidity and organic matters such as $NH_3$-N, $NO_3$-N etc, was very high. As a result, we assume that the treatment of organic matter in sea-water with ozone is very effective

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.680-686
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted on wild vegetables; Gondalbi (Cirsium setidens), Deoduck (Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv.), and Jandae (Adenophora triphylla var. Joponica Hara) seed to study whether priming with deep sea water results in enhancement of seed germination and identify the optimum concentration of the priming solution, and duration of priming. Seeds were primed with 5 various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%) of deep sea water (DSW) in 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours at $24^{\circ}C$. Since Jandae had seed dormancy, it was kept for four weeks in refrigerator at $2^{\circ}C$ after priming treatment. In Deoduck, 5 percentage DSW priming significantly improved the early germination percentage, radicle length, and plumule emergence percentage. Among the priming period of treatments, 24 hours priming showed better performance in this treatment whereas, in Jandae, 12 hours priming with 10 percentages DSW significantly improved the germination percentage and germination rate. This treatment had increased the final germination percentage by 54%, 15% and 40% compared with control, plain water and $KNO_3$ priming respectively. But in Gondalbi, priming did not improve the germination of seed. However, among the priming treatments, 12 hours priming with 3% $KNO_3$ and 20% DSW gave better performance. In both the wild vegetables; Deoduck and Jandae, priming in deep sea water had improved the germination percentage and germination rate as compare to plain water, $KNO_3$, and without priming treatment. Hence the best seed priming treatment on Deoduck and Jandae are 24 hours with 5% DSW and 12 hours with 10% DSW respectively.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1997

The study was conducted to know the possibility that the removal efficiency of organic and suspended solids(SS) could be increased by suppling of sea water and the optimum amount of sea water to be supplied treat bleaching waste water by lime coagulation settlement at pulp mill process. When the lime dosage was increased, the removal efficiency of COD and SS in the waste water was increased based on the removal efficiency of COD and SS. The lime dosage and removal efficiency was increased proportionally with the lime concentration of 4,000 mg/l, but the increase of removal efficiency was presented slightly above the 4,000mg/l. It was evaluated that the removal efficiencies of COD and SS could be increased and the requirement of lime dosage could be decreased by the sea water supplement. The removal efficiency of SS was most increased when the sea water supplement was 10% or more in the waste water. The removal efficiencies of COD was the best at 4% sea water excepting the dilution efficiency by sea water supplement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1017-1025
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate characteristic of water duality in coastal sea of Incheon using a multivariate analysis. The analysis data in coastal sea of Incheon was aquired by the NFRDI data which was surveyed from March 1997 to November 2003. Eleven water quality parameters were determined on each survey The results were summarized as follow : Water quality in Incheon coastal sea could be explained up to 64.62% by three factors which were included in loading of fresh water and nutrients by the land(36.98%), seasonal variation(16.19%), and internal metabolism (11.24%). The results of time series analysis by factor score, in case of factor 1, station 1 influenced by Han river was shown to high factor score and station 3 located by outer sea was shown to low factor score. In case of factor 2, station 1 was appeared to high variation and station 3 was appeared to low variation. The result of cluster analysis by station was classified into three group that has different water quality characteristics. Especially, station 1 which affected by Han river and station 4 which affected by sewage treatment plant was appeared to considerable water quality characteristics against other station. In yearly cluster analysis, three group was classified and water quality in 2003 years due to high precipitation was different to another year. It could be suggested from these results that it is important to control discharge of fresh water by Han rivet and sewage treatment plant for water quality management of coastal sea of Incheon.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.779-783
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• 1999

The process of alginate preparation was shortened with microwave pretreatment and hot water extraction without any other treatment. The yield of extracted alginate was very different according to raw material and microwave treatment conditions. The yield of extracted alginate from sea mustard was higher than sea tangle and increased with the temperature rise and time of microwave treatment. Optimum extraction conditions by microwave treatment were 90 min at $100^{\circ}C$ for the sea mustard and 120 min at $100^{\circ}C$ for the sea tangle. On the other hand, the solubility of the alginate from sea mustard was $69\%\~80\%$ and the viscosity were 8.7$\~$1.5 cps, respectively. The solubility and the viscosity of the sea tangle alginate was higher than the sea mustard to $77\~84\%$ and in the range of 8.9$\~$1.8 cps, respectively. The extraction temperature by hot water greatly influenced on the yield of alginate, but the solubility and viscosity was not affected by the hot water extraction. The molecular weight of alginate obtained through the extraction by $Na_2CO_3$ solution and the microwave pretreatment was 800 kDa, and in the range of 12$\~$45 kDa, respectively.