• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2013

Use of heat from seawater could be different from the weather conditions of a coastal city and seawater temperatures near the city. It will be a good option to use surface layer water with Heat Pump system for using seawater cooling/heating in Jeju. The study investigates the proper depth for seawater heat gain of Jeju area in Korea. Sampling points are 0, 10, 20, 30m from the surface of the Sea. Seawater temperature does not change significantly according to the depth in winter, while the temperature is quite different according to the depth in summer. In this study, it is analyzed to compare existing system and seawater heat source system for target buildings on Jeju. And this systems are calculated a initial cost.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2003

Typhoon Rusa passed over the East China Sea and crossed over the Korea Peninsula on August 31, 2002. The core of the typhoon passed directly over a data buoy mooring site at ($127^{\circ}45'E,\;34^{\circ}25'\;N$) and several ARGOS-tracked drifters capable of measuring salinity. Peak hourly mean wind speed reached 28 m/s at the mooring site and wind pattern in the East China Sea changed from southerly wind to northwesterly wind after the typhoon passage. Two or three days before the typhoon tile drifter displacement changed significantly and the region-wide circulation pattern changed from a northeastward current to a westward current one week after the typhoon had passed. The surface water in the East China Sea was cooled to about $4^{\circ}C$ under the typhoon core and a general cooling occurred in most of the East China Sea with the exception of the Chinese coast. The salinity as observed by the drifters in the East China Sea increased about 2 psu but the near-shore water along the Korean coast observed by the mooring was freshened about 3 psu. The freshening of near-shore water was caused by an intrusion of off-shore water rather than local freshening by typhoon precipitation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.267-279
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• 1990

한국 남해연안 및 서해남부연안은 겨울철 강한 북서 계절풍과 이에 동반된 냉기류 그리고 조석작용에 의해 수직혼합이 용이하며 이 혼합된 연안냉수는 그 형성 위치로부터 외해로 이동되어짐이 인공위성 열적외선 영상으로부터 쉽게 추적된다. 특히 이들 연안수들은 북서계절풍의 영향을 강하게 받아 서해남부연안수는 혹산도 부근에서 형성된 후 추자도 부근까지 남하하고 때때로 제주해협을 통과하여 남해로 유입된다. 남해 연안수는 주기 적인 북풍에 의하여 외해로 확장하는데, 확장형태에 따라 침강확장과 표류확장으로 구분할 수 있다. 침강확장은 남해연안수가 바람에 의하여 외해로 확장하는 동안 해수면에서 계속 냉각이 될 경우 밀도가 높아져 해저면으로 침강하면서 확장하는 경우이고, 냉각이 일어나지 않을 때는 표층에 떠서 외해로 확장된다. 이러한 확장형태에 따라 침강확장시는 그 연직적인 움직임이 난류수와 반시계방향의 혼합이 일어나고, 표류확장시는 시계방향의 혼합이 일어난다. 또한 남해연안수의 확장은 수온전선에도 영향을 미치는데, 침강확장시는 수온전선의 저층에서 급격한 수온변화가 나타나고 표류확장시는 표층에서 강한 변화가 나타난다. 화장형태에 따른 내부수온구조를 보면 침강확장시는 전층이 평균보다 낮게 나타나지만, 표류확장시는 표층에서만 평균보다 낮게 나타난다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1063-1069
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• 2005

2004년 12월 2일부터 8일까지 한국 남해의 표층 부유물질의 분포를 초겨울의 해황과 관련하여 조사하였다. 쓰시마와 제주도를 잇는 지선을 중심으로 전선이 형성되었으며, 이 전선을 중심으로 한국 남해의 연안수와 외양의 쓰시마난류수로 구분되었다. 연안역은 표층에서 저층까지 거의 균일한 수괴 분포를 보였으며, 외양은 성층이 형성되어 있었다. 그리고 부유물질은 연직혼합된 연안역에서는 5.0-6.5 mg/l였으며, 성층이 형성된 외양역은 4.5-5.0 mg/1의 분포를 나타내었다. 초겨울 한국 남해는 표면 냉각 효과와 바람에 의해서 저층의 부유물질이 충분히 재부유할 수 있는 환경이었음을 나타내고 있었다. 또한 관측 기간동안 비록 조류가 비교적 약한 소조기 이었음에도 불구하고 열플럭스에 의한 냉각효과와 바람에 의한 혼합 효과가 강하여 표층과 저층이 혼합하기에 용이하였음을 나타내었다. 이에 따라 수심이 얕은 연안역에서는 저층 퇴적물의 재부유에 의해서 부유 물질이 증가될 수 있음을 시사하고 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.417-429
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• 2003

Abnormal oceanic conditions associated with the passage of typhoons are examined using hydrographic and satellite data 1990-2002. During the passage period of typhoons in the Korean waters, an abrupt decrease of sea surface temperature (SST) in range of 5 to $8^{\circ}C$ was observed. The areas of SST decrease were an order of 100-200 km, and the low SST lasted about 15-25 days after passage of typhoon. After passage of typhoon, the water temperatures in the surface mixed layer of 30 m show negative anomalies for quite a long period. In addition, stratification parameters were substantially decreased and chlorophyll a density was rapidly increased.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.640-641
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• 2003

Abnormal oceanic conditions associated with the passage of typhoons are examined using hydrographic and satellite data 1990-2002. During the passage period of typhoons in the Korean waters, an abrupt decrease of sea surface temperature(SST) in range of 5 to 8 $^{\circ}$ was observed. The areas of SST decrease were an order of 100-200km, and the low SST lasted about 15-25 days after passage of typhoon. After passage of typhoon, the water temperatures in the surface mixed layer of 30m show negative anomalies for quite a long period. In addition, stratification parameters were substantially decreased and chlorophyll a density was rapidly increased.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

The latest-Quaternary paleoceanographic history of the Ulleung Basin, the East Sea (the Sea of Japan) is reconstructed on the base of planktonic foraminifera, oxygen and carbon isotopes, and accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon (AMS-$^{14}$C) data from two cores. Sinistral populations of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma are dominant during the last glacial period while dextral forms of Neogloboquadrina pachydeyma are abundant in the Holocene. An abrupt increase in ${\delta}^{18}$O values in both cores that began about 11 ka B.P may indicate the Younger Dryas cooling episode. A low-salinity event, marked by light ${\delta}^{18}$O values (0-1 %), is observed before the Younger Dryas event. As previous works suggested, the low-salinity event is probably due to the freshening of surface water caused by fresh water input from Huang Ho river and/or the excess of precipitation over evaporation. The lowest salinity water in the Ulleung Basin was probably continued from approximately 18 ka B.P. to 15 ka B.P. The ${\delta}^{18}$O values have gradually decreased since the Younger Dryas as a result of the continuous inflow of the warm Tsushima Current into the East Sea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.361-376
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• 2001

The characteristics of SST variability in the East Sea are analyzed using NOAA/AVHRR weekly SST data with about $0.18^{\circ}{\times}0.18^{\circ}$ resolution ($1981{\sim}2000$) and reconstructed historical monthly SST data with $2^{\circ}{\times}2^{\circ}$ resolution $(1950{\sim}1998)$. The distinct feature of wintertime SST is high variability in the western and eastern parts of $38^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$ latitudinal band, which are the northern boundary of warm current in the East Sea during winter. However, summertime SST exhibits variability with similar magnitude in the entire region of the East Sea. The analysis of remote correlation also shows that SST in the East Sea is closely correlated with that in the region of Kuroshio in winter, but in summer is related with that in the western and eastern regions of the same latitudes. From these results it is postulated that the SST variability in the East Sea may be related with the variations of East Korean Warm Current and Tsushima Warm Current in winter, but in summer probably with the variations of atmospheric components. In the analysis of ENSO related SST anomaly, a significant negative correlation between SST anomalies in the East Sea and SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific is found in the months of August-October (ASO). The SST in the ASO period shows more significant cooling in E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ events than warming in La $Ni\~{n}a$ events. Also, the regional analysis shows by the Student's t-test that the negative SST anomalies in the E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ events are more significant in the southwestern part of the East Sea.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.654-661
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• 2005

Copper is a well known alloying element that is used to improve the resistance to general corrosion of stainless steel And also Cu cation have the anti-fouling effect to inhibit adhesion of the marine algae and shellfish to the surface of heat exchanger cooling pipe or outside wall of the ship, Therefore there are some anti-fouling methods such as anti-fouling Paint mixed with copper oxide or MGPS(Marine Growth Preventing System) by using Cu cation dissolved to the sea wather solution. Cu cation can be dissolved spontaneously by galvanic current due to Potential difference between Cu and cooling pipe of heat exchanger with Ti material, which may be one of the anti-fouling designs. In this study the effect of annealing heat treatment to galvanic current and Polarization behavior was investigated with a electrochemical points of view such as measurement of corrosion Potential, anodic polarization curve. cyclic voltammetric curve, galvanic current etc The grain size of the surface in annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was the smallest than that of other annealing temperatures. and also the corrosion Potential showed more positive potential than other annealing temperatures. The galvanic current between Ti and Cu with annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was the largest value in the case of static condition. However its value in the case of flow condition was the smallest than the other temperatures. Therefore in order to increase anti-fouling effect by Cu cation, the optimum annealing temperature in static condition of sea water is $700^{\circ}C$, however non- heat treated specimen in the case of flow condition may be desirable.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.257-272
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• 2020

This study investigates the temporal and spatial variations of marine meterological elements (air temperature (Temp), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Significant Wave Height (SWH)) in seven coastal waters of South Korea, using hourly data observed at marine meteorological buoys (10 sites), Automatic Weather System on lighthouse (lighthouse AWS) (9 sites), and AWS (20 sites) during 2013-2017. We also compared the characteristics of Temp, SST, and air-sea temperature difference (Temp-SST) between sea fog and non-sea-fog events. In general, annual mean values of Temp and SST in most of the coastal waters were highest (especially in the southern part of Jeju Island) in 2016, due to heat waves, and lowest (especially in the middle of the West Sea) in 2013 or 2014. The SWH did not vary significantly by year. Wind patterns varied according to coastal waters, but their yearly variations for each coastal water were similar. The maximum monthly/seasonal mean values of Temp and SST occurred in summer (especially in August), and the minimum values in winter (January for Temp and February for SST). Monthly/seasonal mean SWH was highest in winter (especially in December) and lowest in summer (June), while the monthly/seasonal variations in wind speed over most of the coastal waters (except for the southern part of Jeju Island) were similar to those of SWH. In addition, sea fog during spring and summer was likely to be in the form of advection fog, possibly because of the high Temp and low SST (especially clear SST cooling in the eastern part of South Sea in summer), while autumn sea fog varied between different coastal waters (either advection fog or steam fog). The SST (and Temp-SST) during sea fog events in all coastal waters was lower (and more variable) than during non-sea-fog events, and was up to -5.7℃ for SST (up to 5.8℃ for Temp-SST).