• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2016

Objective: The aims of this study were 1) to develop easy-to-use rhythmic balance training equipment for the elderly and 2) to investigate the effect of training with the equipment on balance and physical function. Method: Twenty-one elderly individuals (age: $75.4{\pm}3.34yrs$, height: $152.07{\pm}4.81cm$, weight: $58.35{\pm}8.34kg$) participated in this study. Each participant underwent balance and physical function testing before and after 12 weeks of training with the equipment. Y-balance (i.e. dynamic balance) and one leg static balance tests were used for balance testing, and timed up- and-down-stairs and five times sit-to-stand tests were used for physical function testing. A paired t test was used to determine whether there was a significant pre- and post-training difference. Results: The rhythmic balance training equipment provided a fun and motivating training program with age-friendly music, dance movements for lower extremity strength training, and touch screen controls with simple features. Post-training left foot dynamic balance was significantly greater (p<.05), and static balance with eyes open was significantly improved (p<.05) compared to pre-training. Completion of the timed up-and-down-stairs and the five times sit-to-stand tests was significantly shorter (p<.05) compared to pre-training. Conclusion: Training using the equipment developed in this study improved balance and physical function in elderly participants.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1999

A Computerzed Neuropsychological Test(CNT) system using multimedia and object oriented technologies are developed for clinical application in psychiatry. The developed system is composed of 14 neuropsychologial tests which are capable of evaluation of various cognitive functions and functional localization of brain. The system employs Microsoft Window based graphic user interface for easy operation and it has a touch screen and a mouse as input devices from the patient. Speech perception test, color word test, verbal memory test, contingent continuos performance test, and trail making test were translated into korean language, so that usefulness of tests was maximized. Through the results of utilization of this system in the cases of patients with head trauma and psychiatric desorder, this system can be proved to be useful in the evaluation of cognitive function and functional localization of brain.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2021

Osteopetrosis refers to a group of genetic skeletal disorders characterized by osteosclerosis and fragile bones. Osteopetrosis can be classified into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked forms, which might differ in clinical characteristics and disease severity. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, also known as malignant osteopetrosis, has an earlier onset, more serious clinical symptoms, and is usually fatal. We encountered a 1-day-old girl who was born full-term via vaginal delivery, which was complicated by meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and nuchal cord. Routine neonatal care was provided, in addition to blood tests and chest radiography to screen for sepsis, as well as skull radiography to rule out head injuries. Initial blood tests revealed hypocalcemia, which persisted on follow-up tests the next day. Radiographic examinations revealed diffusely increased bone density and a "space alien" appearance of the skull. Based on radiographic and laboratory findings, the infantile form of osteopetrosis was suspected and genetic testing for identification of the responsible gene. Eventually, a heterozygous mutation of the T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3 (TCIRG1) gene (c.292C>T) was identified, making this the first reported case of neonatal-onset malignant osteopetrosis with TCIRG1 mutation in South Korea. Early-onset hypocalcemia is common and usually results from prematurity, fetal growth restriction, maternal diabetes, perinatal asphyxia, and physiologic hypoparathyroidism. However, if hypocalcemia persists, we recommend considering 'infantile of osteopetrosis' as a rare cause of neonatal hypocalcemia and performing radiographic examinations to establish the diagnosis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.403-412
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• 2021

As the number of mobile apps increases exponentially, automation of tests performed in the app development process is becoming more important. Until the app is released, iterative verification is performed through various types of tests, and this study was conducted focusing on the GUI test among various types of tests. This study is meaningful in that it can contribute to the stable app distribution of the developer by suggesting the development direction of the GUI test. To develop Android's GUI test tool, I collected basic data before presenting the development method by researching Android's UI controls and Material design guideline. After that, for the existing GUI test automation tool, two tools based on screen capture test and four tools based on source code analysis test were studied. Through this, it was found that existing GUI test tools don't consider visual design, usability, and component arrangement. In order to supplement the shortcomings of existing tools, a new GUI test automation tool development method was presented based on the basic data previously studied.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.1167-1173
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate various sepsis screening tests, individually and in combination, to formulate a guideline for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Methods : The study was a retrospective cohort study. It took place at the neonatal intensive care unit of the Paediatric Department, Il Sin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea, over a period of 68 months from 1st, April, 2001 to 31st, December, 2005. This study evaluated 100 neonates having clinical features of sepsis and 100 normal asymptomatic neonates and used screening tests including C-reactive protein (CRP), total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), immature neutrophils to total neutrophil count ratio (I/T ratio), thrombocytopenia, degenerative changes in the neutrophils and gastric aspirate cytology (GAC) for the diagnosis of neontal sepsis. Results : The sensitivity of CRP and ANC was high. CRP had 86 percent sensitivity for group-A (proven sepsis) and 74 percent sensitivity for group-B (probable sepsis) and 94 percent specificity for group-A, B. ANC had sensitivity of 72 percent for group-A and 62 percent for group-B and 86 percent specificity for group-A, B. For group-A, sensitivity, specificity of GAC for polymorphs was 74 percent and 94 percent respectively. As for sensitivity, specificity of platelet count for group-A was 64 percent and 89 percent respecively. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (PV) of the individual tests and different test combinations were also calculated for group-A and B. Conclusion : For the detection of culture negative cases in neonatal sepsis, screening tests including CRP, TLC, ANC, thrombocytopenia, cytoplasmic vacuolization in the neutrophils and GAC for polymorphs have high sensitivity. A combination of three tests has higher sensitivity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

The purposes of our study were to optimize the conditions of the screening and testing methods for endocrine disruptors, to characterize these assays using several compounds with well-defined endocrine activity, and to compare the sensitivity between these assays currently undergoing validation. Two in vitro test systems, MCF-7 cells proliferation (E-screen assay) and competitive binding to estrogen receptors (ER) were selected to evaluate the estrogenic effects. 17$\beta$-Estradiol (E2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were used as a positive control in vitro test. Also, E2 and ethinyl estradiol (EE) were used as a positive control in vivo uterotrophic assay. In in vitro test, E2 and DES showed a strong estrogenic response at concentration of 1.0 nM. In uterotrophic assay, E2 (0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) and EE (0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) produced a significant increase in uterus and vagina weight in both immature and ovariectomized rats. Although we did not com-pared the specificity between in vivo and in vitro assays, these assay systems may serve as a good tool for endocrine disruptors screening methods. Our data indicate that these assay systems exhibit some difference in their sensitivity to the same estrogenic compounds. Therefore, as a first rapid screening assay for estrogenic activity qf unknown chemicals, at least two assay systems should probably be carried out with a view of high sensitivity and standardization conditions. Also, a careful validation tests are necessary to obtain a reasonable degree of reproducibility.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.182-188
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare ankle function between adults with and without Down syndrome (DS). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten adults with DS and 18 without participated in this study and underwent manual muscle test (MMT), range of motion (ROM) assessment, star excursion balance test (SEBT), and functional movement screen (FMS). The tests were demonstrated to increase their accuracy and the actual measurements were assessed after one or two demonstrations. To minimize the standby time and fatigue, the travelled distance and measuring order were adjusted. To remove the influence of shoes on the measurements, the shoes were taken off and only socks were worn. Results: Dorsal and plantar flexion MMTs of both ankles were significantly weaker and plantar flexion ROM of both ankles were significantly lower in adults with DS compared with those without (p<0.05). However, dorsal flexion ROM of both ankles were not significantly different between them. There were significant differences in distances measured in all the directions (anterior, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial directions) of SEBT (p<0.05). Significant differences were also demonstrated in the scores of hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, and rotary stability among the seven items of FMS (p<0.05). Conclusions: To enhance the dynamic stability of adults with DS, it is necessary to improve ankle stability by strengthening the ankle dorsal and plantar flexors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.198-207
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• 2010

Formation of optical meaning shown in the picture book screen is the original expression method in that it makes you understand properties or characteristics of subjects more easily and faster adding another images to them, exaggerating or reducing them as well as shows the phenomenon that you try to deliver. In this study, I first prepared the framework of classification on metaphorical expression methods of the picture books' illustration through theoretical study on the optical metaphorical characteristics and expression forms to analyze how the metaphorical expression methods shown in the picture books for children works optically and psychologically to them. Also, I divided the expression form into 2 types to derive optical psychological perceptional response of children through the empirical survey and analyzed linguistic psychological response of children by type utilizing it as the survey materials of in-depth interviews. Finally, I think that the result of this study will help screen production based on personality and creativity of illustrators and, in addition, it will be utilized in studies and tests of the effective expression methods for students who learn illustration.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2020

Background: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS^TM) is a screening tool used to assess an individual's ability to perform fundamental movements that are necessary to do physically active tasks. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of FMS to predict occupational injury among Denver Fire Department firefighters. Method: FMS tests were administered from 2012 to 2016. Claim status was defined as any claim occurrence vs. no claim and an overexertion vs. no claim/other claim within 1 year of the FMS. To assess associations between FMS score and claim status, FMS scores were dichotomized into ≤ 14 and > 14. Age-adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression. Sensitivities and specificities of FMS predicting claims at various FMS score cut points, ranging from 10 to 20 were tested. Results: Of 581 firefighters (mean ± SD, age 38 ± 9.8 y) who completed FMS between February 2015 and March 2018, 188 (32.4%) filed a WC claim in the study time frame. Seventy-two of those (38.3%) were categorized as overexertion claims. There was no association between FMS score and claim status [odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88 - 1.83] and overexertion claim vs. no claim/other claim (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.81 - 2.21). There was no optimal cutoff for FMS in predicting a WC claim. Conclusions: Although the FMS has been predictive of injuries in other populations, among this sample of firefighters, it was not predictive of a future WC claim.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.335-351
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a usability test for CPAD (Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving) and improve it based on the test results. Background: The cognitive perceptual assessment for driving is a computer-based assessment tool to assess the driving capacity of people with brain-damages. It may be a good tool for evaluating the brain-damaged drivers' safe driving capabilities and screening cognitive and perceptual deficits related to driving. We performed a usability test to improve the CPAD based on the result. Method: Both the software consisting of 8 sub-tests (depth perception, sustained attention, divided attention, stroop test, field dependency, digit span, trail making A, trail making B) and the hardware including the input and output devices ( joystick, mouse, keyboard, touch screen) were evaluated through user interviews. Also we identified the problems and issues in using them by observing the participants performing the CPAD tasks. Results: Based on the results, the task instructions were visually and auditorily improved and more practice examples were added to help the users understand the instructions better and increase the input accuracy, a response time window was added and the joystick and touch screen were simplified, which made it easier for the user to perform the CAPD tasks. Conclusion: User discomforts were minimized by improving the task environment, unless it had affected the evaluation criteria. Application: We plan to distribute the improved version of the CPAD to the regional rehabilitation hospitals, and the driving support centers for people with disabilities throughout the country, so it could be used as an evaluation tool for disabled drivers' cognitive and perceptual functions.