• 제목/요약/키워드: scorpion

검색결과 40건 처리시간 0.022초

모로코인(人)의 장신구(裝身具)와 화장(化粧)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study of the Personal Ornaments and Make-up of Maroccan)

  • 이순홍
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.15-34
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    • 2001
  • Ornaments are accessories for the decoration of the body or dress. They aren't unavoidably required one, but serve to make one's dress perfect as decorative industrial art objects. In Morocco, ornaments were initially used as a sign of social position or the class or an incantatory symbol. In effect, they were originally employed to adjust one's dress, not just for decoration, and they were of use for household economy. Gold, silver and handcraft available for exchange were a means of increasing one's property and an indication of social standing and wealth. In particular, the dress and jewelry of a bride was a measure of her family's wealth, regarded as a symbol of her chastity and value. The ornaments symbolically back up people's faith in supernatural power, and their real value is based on implicit form or way of decoration, not the external shape. Specifically, there is a tendency to use the form of animal as a protector, not one to frighten people. In the artistic tradition of Morocco, fish pattern stands for water and rain, and eagle and bird are considered to be related to fate. Scorpion and lizard are depicted as an inquirer of sun, and snake is a symbol of abundance and sexual instinct, being viewed to have an ability to cure disease. Turtle pattern is a symbol of saint because it protects one from the evil. The ornaments are made of gold, silver, amber, clam, garnet, glass, nielle, enamel, glaze, coral or tree, and symbolic patterns are used, including hand(a symbol of five numerals), turtle, lizard, scorpion, eye, triangle, bird and eggs. They are very big and diverse, being categorized into ornaments for the head or the chest, neckless, fibula, earring, bracelet and ring. For Moroccans, make-up is a sort of instinctive behavior to meet aesthetic and sexual desire. They also wear make-up for practical purpose of protection, intentionally inflict a wound on the skin for ceremonial or religious purpose, paint the skin with pigment, or have the part of the body tattooed for incantatory purpose. All this actions are regarded as make-up. The raw material of cosmetics is aker, a vegetable dye. They get the lips or cheeks turn red and paint eyebrows with yellow saffran powder to have a bad devil lose its strength. Tattooing is mainly done by women and viewed as a sign of their value or social organization they belong to. Sometimes that is used to represent a woman's being old enough to marry or getting married already or the frequency of marriage. Besides, tattoo is believed to prevent or remedy loose bowels or cough, depending on its location or pattern, and they often change tattoo according to the change of beauty art.

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쏨뱅이, Sebastiscus marmoratus의 vitellogenin 단클론 항체생산 및 특성에 관한 연구 (Production and Characterization of vitellogenin monoclonal antibody on the Scorpion fish Sebastiscus marmoratus)

  • 김영주;임윤규;여인규
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.241-254
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 환경내의 내분비교란화학물질 조사를 위한 바이오마커 시스템을 개발하기 위하여 쏨뱅이의 Vitellogenin(Vtg)을 바이오마커로서 활용하기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. Vtg는 에스트로겐을 이용하여 유도하였으며, 어류의 혈청으로부터 겔 여과 및 이온교환크로마토그래피를 이용하여 정제하였다. 그 후 BALB/C 마우스를 이용하여 정제된 Vtg의 하이브리도마를 생산하여 항-Vtg의 항체를 생산하였다. 쏨뱅이로부터 유되된 Vtg의 크기는 Sepharose CL-6B을 이용한 겔 여과를 통하여 약 440 kDa 인 것으로 나타났으며 main-band는 175 kDa이었으며 몇 개의 sub-band가 발견되어졌다. 8개의 단클론 항체가 개발한 하이브리도마로부터 얻을 수 있었으며, 이 항체는 본 실험에서 조사한 어류 중 우럭볼락 Sebastes hubbsi을 제외한 다른 종에서는 교차반응이 이루어지지 않았다. 그 결과, 클론 S28과 S15의 단클론항체를 ELISA와 ICG assay의 추적 인자로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 배발된 검출시스템은 다양한 내분비교란 활동의 확인뿐 만이 아니라 내분비교란화학물질로 알려진 물질을 검출하는 바이오 마커 분석에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Molecular Cloning, Gene Structure, Expression, and Enzyme Activity of a Serine Protease from Water Scorpion, Laccotrephes japonensis (Hemiptera: Nepidae)

  • Park, Kwan Ho;Choi, Young Cheol;Nam, Seong Hee;Hwang, Jae Sam;Nho, Si Kab
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.187-193
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    • 2012
  • Serine proteases are major insect enzymes involved in the digestion of dietary proteins and in the process of blood meal digestion. In this study, cDNA was constructed using the whole body of Laccotrephes japonensis. The flanking sequences of the 5- and 3- end of this gene were characterized by RACE-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that this gene contained a 963-bp ORF encoding 320 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 62% identity with the Creontiades dilutus serine protease, 58% with the Lygus lineolaris trypsin precursor, and 54% with the Triatoma infestans salivary trypsin. To assess the expression of the L. japonensis serine protease (JGsp), the JGsp gene was cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector, pBac-1, and expressed in Sf9 cells (Spodoptera frugiperda). SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis have shown that the JGsp recombinant protein was a monomer with a molecular weight of about 32 kDa. Recombinant JGsp has shown activity in the protease enzyme assay using gelatin as a substrate.

Micropropagation of Aristolochia elegans(Mast.)

  • Lidia, Osuna T.;Alejandro, Mora I.;Elsa, Ventura Z.;Enrique, Jimenez F.;Crescencio, Bazaldua M.;Antonio, Jimenez A.
    • Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.141-146
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    • 2007
  • The roots of Aristolochia elegans Mast.(Aristolochiaceae) are widely used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for scorpion venom. Current experimental evidence supports its purported antidote properties. However, collection from the wilderness has lead to local extinction of natural populations. In order to contribute to species preservation, cultivation, and standardization of morphological and pharmacological properties, a micropropagation method was developed. This includes in-vitro germination of seeds to produce aseptic plantlets, induction of multiple budding, and acclimatization. The treatment with benzylamino purine(10 ${\mu}M$) induced the highest number of buds(3.1 on average) in both types of explants. On the other hand, indolebutyric acid(1.5 ${\mu}M$) caused the highest root index(11.8) per explant. One hundred percent of the micropropagated plantlets developed vigorously after the acclimatization process.

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Effects of Insect Crude Drugs on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis System

  • Ahn, Mi-Young;Hahn, Bum-Soo;Ryu, Kang-Sun;Cho, Sung-Ig
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.66-70
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    • 2002
  • The in vitro anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities of crude extracts from insects were evaluated in order to find effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of myocardial and cerebral thrombosis. We prepared three types of extracts (water, methanol and ethylacetate) from 28 insects for use as raw materials for the activity assays. The fibrinolytic activity was tested using the fibrin plate method and the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were measured for blood clotting activity. With regards to the fibrinolytic system, water extracts of six kinds of insects displayed a remarkable level of activity with a plasmin-like action. The water extracts of [Catharsius molossus, Eupolyphaga sinensis, Huechys sanguinea, Mantidis $o\ddot{o}theca$, Mimela splendens, and Polistes mandarinus (Vespae Nidus)] exhibited the activity. On the other hand, the methanol extracts did not display any fibrinolytic activity. In terms of the coagulation system, an aqueous extract of silkworm Tongchunghacho (Paecilomyces japonica), Oxya japonica japonica and Buthus martensi (Scorpion) increased the clotting time significantly longer (181 times) than the control. These results suggest that crude drugs from insects are useful sources for the development of new drugs for use in treatments involving blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Galleria mellonella 6-Tox Gene, Putative Immune Related Molecule in Lepidoptera

  • Lee, Joon-Ha;Park, Seung-Mi;Chae, Kwon-Seok;Lee, In-Hee
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2010
  • We have characterized full-length cDNA encoding Gall-6-tox protein, which was cloned from the fat body of the immunized Galleria mellonella larvae. The cloned cDNA of Gall-6-tox consists of 1301 nucleotides and contained an open reading frame of 891 nucleotides corresponding to a protein of 296 residues that includes a putative 16-residue signal sequence and a 280-residue mature peptide with a calculated mass of 30,707.73 Da. The deduced mature peptide contains conserved tandem repeats of six cysteine-stabilized alpha beta ($Cs{\alpha}{\beta}$) motifs, which was detected in scorpion toxins and insect defensins. In the sequence homology search, mature Gall-6-tox showed 34% and 28% amino acid sequence homology with Bomb-6-tox from Bombyx mori and Spod-11-tox from Spodoptera frugiperda, respectively. Gall-6-tox orthologs were only found in Lepidopteran species, indicating that this new immune-related gene family is specific to this insect order. RT-PCR analysis revealed that Gall-6-tox was expressed primarily in the larval fat bodies, hemocytes, and midgut against invading bacteria into hemocoel. Moreover, the expression time course of Gall-6-tox was examined up to 24 h in the fat bodies and midgut after injection of E. coli. Altogether, these results suggest that Gall-6-tox is derived from defensins and Gall-6-tox may play a critical role in Lepidoptera immune system.

Molecular Cloning of Two cDNAs Encoding an Insecticidal Toxin from the Spider, Araneus ventricosus, and Construction of a Recombinant Baculovirus Expressing a Spider Toxin

  • Chung, Eun-Hwa;Lee, Kwang-Sik;Han, Ji-Hee;Je, Yeon-Ho;Chang, Jin-Hee;Roh, Jong-Yul
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2002
  • We have cloned cDNAs encoding toxin from the spider, Araneus ventricosus, and constructed a recombinant baculovirus expressing the insecticidal toxin. The cDNAs encoding toxin were cloned from the cDNA library of A. ventricosus. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs encoding the toxin of A. ventricosus revealed that the 240 bp cDNA for AvTox-1 and 192 bp cDNA for AvTox-2 have an open reading frame of 80 and 64 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced protein sequence of the toxin genes of AvTox-1 and AvTox-2 was aligned to that of the snack Anemonia sulcata and scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus, respectively. Northern blot analysis indicated that AvTox-2 toxin gene showed a fat body-spe-cific expression pattern at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we have explored the possibility of improving baculovirus by incorporating the A. vontricosus toxin gene into Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome under the control of polyhedrin promoter, The AvTox-2 toxin gene was expressed as approximately 5.8 kDa band in the recombinant baculovirus-injected silkworm larvae. Bioassays with the recombinant virus expressing AvTox-2 on 5th instar silkworm larvae demonstrated a decrease in the time to kill $(LT_{50} days)$ compared to wild-type BmNPV-Kl $(LT_{50} 6.72 days)$ in the injection of 10 viruses. These results indicate that A. ventricosus toxin is a novel member of the spider toxin family, suggesting that the toxin gene can be used in recombinant baculoviruses to reduce insect feeding damage and increase the speed of insect kill.

Isolation, Purification, and Enzymatic Characterization of Extracellular Chitosanase from Marine Bacterium Bacillus subtilis CH2

  • Oh, Chul-Hong;Zoysa, Mahanama De;Kang, Do-Hyung;Lee, Young-Deuk;Whang, Il-Son;Nikapitiya, Chamilani;Heo, Soo-Jin;Yoon, Kon-Tak;Affan, Abu;Lee, Je-Hee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제21권10호
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    • pp.1021-1025
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    • 2011
  • A Bacillus subtilis strain was isolated from the intestine of Sebastiscus marmoratus (scorpion fish) that was identified as Bacillus subtilis CH2 by morphological, biochemical, and genetic analyses. The chitosanase of Bacillus subtilis CH2 was best induced by fructose and not induced with chitosan, unlike other chitosanases. The strain was incubated in LB broth, and the chitosanase secreted into the medium was concentrated with ammonium sulfate precipitation and purified by gel permeation chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified chitosanase was detected as 29 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified chitosanase were 5.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The purified chitosanase was continuously thermostable at $40^{\circ}C$. The specific acitivity of the purified chitosanase was 161 units/mg. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was analyzed for future study.

Evaluation of Anti-venom effect of Tiryaq-e-arba in rabbit models

  • Ahsan, Mohd. Tarique;Rani, Seema
    • 셀메드
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.30.1-30.4
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    • 2020
  • Background: Tiryaq-e-arba is a polyherbal Unani antidote/antivenom formulation used in the management of poisoning due to snake bite, scorpion bite as well as in cold poisons since time immemorial. Objectives: Tiryaq-e-arba was not evaluated scientifically before this study carried out, therefore it was studied for antivenom activity by testing on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits. Material &Methods: The anti-venom activity of the test drug was studied by observing its effect on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits by the method of Netelson. Results: The plasma fibrinogen level was found to be 171±665.04 mg/100 ml of blood, 36.18±1.12 mg/100 ml of blood, 33.14±0.52 mg/100 ml of blood and 17.9±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours respectively in control animals while in the test animal it was found to be 157.13±3.44 mg/100 ml of blood, 41.13±2.69 mg/100 ml of blood, 62.09±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood and 54.39±0.73 mg/100 ml of blood respectively. The test showed that though the plasma fibrinogen level in the test lower at 0 hour but it was greater in the control animals at 1, 3 and 6 hours. The increase in plasma fibrinogen level in the test animals at 3 and 6 hours was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: The finding of the present study was that Tiryaq-e-arba possesses antivenom activity which scientifically support the Unani claim that it is Dafe-Sumoom-al-Hevan (Antivenom or Antidote) and the use of this preparation in corresponding diseases.

심해성 어류 중 메틸수은 모니터링 (Monitoring Methylmercury in Abyssal Fish)

  • 김성철;장진욱;김현아;이상호;정영지;김지연;안종훈;박은혜;고용석;김동술;김상엽;장영미;강찬순
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2010
  • 심해성 어류 등에 대한 메틸수은 기준규격 설정에 따른 사후 관리 차원의 모니터링을 실시하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 어종은 귀상어, 흑기흉상어, 곱상어, 청새리상어, 악상어, 적어, 은민대 및 체장메기 등 총 492건을 수거하여 메틸수은 함량을 조사하였다. 메틸수은 분석을 위한 분석법 타당성을 검토한 결과 GC-${\mu}ECD$의 검출한계와 정량한계는 0.002 mg/kg과 0.005 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 메틸수은의 검량선은 상관계수가 0.9992로 우수한 직선성을 보였고, 회수율은 84.2-98.5%(평균 93.4%)로 나타났다. 심해성 어류의 메틸수은 함량은 각 어종 별로 유의적인 차이가 있었으며, 메틸수은 함량[최소값-최대값(평균$\pm$표준편차), 단위: mg/kg]은 귀상어 0.157-2.009($\0.546{pm}0.311$), 청새리상어 0.211-0.878($0.501{\pm}0.154$) 및 곱상어 0.121-0.993($0.482{\pm}0.189$) 등에서 높게 나타났으며, 악상어 0.243-0.658($0.397{\pm}0.090$), 흑기흉상어 0.074-1.958($0.353{\pm}0.418$), 은민대구 0.038-0.807($0.302{\pm}0.201$) 및 적어 0.099-0.511($0.300{\pm}0.094$) 등에서는 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 체장메기의 경우 0.037-0.133($0.067{\pm}0.016$)으로 나타나 조사된 어종 중유의적으로 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 조사된 심해성 어류 중 메틸수은 함량의 노출량 평가를 위해 JECFA의 PTWI와 비교 검토한 결과 상어류 0.7%, 은민대구 1.1% 및 체장 메기 0.3% 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 극단적인 노출량 평가를 위해서 어종별 메틸수은 최대 함량을 이용하여 산출한 결과도 상어류 2.9%, 은민대구 2.9% 및 체장메기 0.6% 수준으로 나타나 심해성 어류의 섭취로 인한 메틸수은 노출량은 안전한 수준인 것으로 판단된다.