• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 제6차 교육과정에 따른 1999-2001학년도의 대학수학능력시험의 응시자 변화 추이, 성별 평균 점수, 공통과학 관련 문항에 대한 학생 반응을 분석하여 문항 출제 및 공통과학 교수-학습에 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 자연계열 응시자가 1995학년도에 는 전체의 43.14%이었으나 2001학년도에는 29.51%로 급격히 감소하고 있으며, 다른 계열과 달리 상위 50%의 경우 2001학년도에는 남자가 65.58%로 34.42%인 여자의 거의 두 배나 된다. 과학 탐구는 1999학년도 58.6점에서 2001학년도에는 69.5점으로 점점 쉬워지고 있으며, 실제로 2001학년도의 경우 주로 대학에 진학하게 될 상위 50%의 응시자의 평균은 인문계 85.8, 자연계 90.7점이다. 또한 정답률 60-79% 및 80% 이상에 대부분의 문항이 분포함으로써 상위 학생에 대한 변별력이 중요한 쟁점으로 부각되었다. 남자의 점수가 여자보다 높았으나 매년 그 차가 감소하고 있다. 일반적으로 과학개념을 요구하지 않는 탐구 과정에 초점을 둔 문항의 정답률은 상당히 높은 반면에, 물리 영역이나 복합 개념을 필요로 하는 문항의 정답률은 비교적 낮다. 따라서 자연계 응시자 감소현상에 대한 대책이 마련되어야 하며, 문항 변별력 제고를 위해서는 정답률 분포를 넓게 할 필요가 있으며, 특히 중요한 과학 개념 없이도 해결할 수 있는 문항 출제 비율을 조정할 필요가 있다. 그리고 정답률이 대체로 낮게 나오는 영역과 예상에 비해 실제로 학생이 어려워하는 영역에 대한 지도가 보다 강화되어야 할 필요가 있다.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• 제95권6호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2018

Purpose: OncoHepa test is a multigene expression profile test developed for assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Multiplication of ${\alpha}$-FP, des-${\gamma}$-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and tumor volume (TV) gives the ${\alpha}$-FP-DCP-volume (ADV) score, which is also developed for assessment of HCC prognosis. Methods: The predictive powers of OncoHepa test and ADV score were validated in 35 patients who underwent curative hepatic resection for naïve solitary HCCs ${\leq}5cm$. Results: Median tumor diameter was 3.0 cm. Tumor recurrence and patient survival rates were 28.6% and 100% at 1 year, 48.6% and 82.9% at 3 years, and 54.3% and 71.4% at 5 years, respectively. The site of first tumor recurrence was the remnant liver in 18, lung in 1, and the peritoneum in 1. All patients with HCC recurrence received locoregional treatment. OncoHepa test showed marginal prognostic significance for tumor recurrence and patient survival. ADV score at 4log also showed marginal prognostic difference with respect to tumor recurrence and patient survival. Combination of these 2 tests resulted in greater prognostic significance for both tumor recurrence (P = 0.046) and patient survival (P = 0.048). Conclusion: Both OncoHepa test and ADV score have considerably strong prognostic power, thus individual and combined findings of OncoHepa test and ADV score will be helpful to guide postresection surveillance in patients with solitary HCCs ${\leq}5cm$.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2008

Background: In relation to a diagnosis of Korean Medicine, heat-cold is one of the most important indicators for evaluation. In spite of this importance, there has not been the study that tries to examine the change of indicators in an electrogastrography (EGG) according to the heat-cold patternization. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish the correlation between the heat-cold patternization and indicators of EGG by means of Standardized Questionnaire for Heat-Cold Patternization. Method: To conduct this study, we used the method as follows: Before conducting EGG, subjects were requested to give answers to the questionnaire which was developed by Kim. Before EGG, subjects were demanded to fast for more than 8 hours and then eat the test meal. Before eating the test meal(test meal: two slices of bread, 4oz of apple juice), EGG signals were detected for 30 minutes, and then subjects could eat the test meal for 10 minutes. After eating the test meal, EGG signals were detected for 30 minutes. Results: 1. There was a negative correlation between heat score and the power ratio of channel 1 and channel 2 of EGG. There was a positive correlation between cold score and the power ratio of channel 1 of EGG. 2. There was a positive correlation between heat score and pre-prandial gastric arrhythmia in the channel 1, 2 and 4 of EGG. There was a negative correlation between cold score and post-prandial gastric arrhythmia in the channel 1, 2 and 3 of EGG. 3. There was a negative correlation between heat score and normal pre-prandial gastric slow wave in the channel 1, 2 and 4 of EGG. There was a positive correlation between cold score and normal post-prandial gastric slow wave in the channel 3 of EGG. Conclusions: From the results above, we could conclude as follows: Indicators of EGG and cold score presented a positive correlation, and heat score displayed a negative correlation. As a result, to apply EGG to a diagnosis of functional indigestion, the application of EGG to subjects who have heat patternization would increase the reliability of a diagnosis.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of self-resilience, academic self-concept and test anxiety in undergraduates. Method: The participants were 403 undergraduates in H, C University in G City, and K University in S City. Data were collected from March 1 to April 30, 2012, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The mean score per item for self-resilience was 2.77. The mean academic self-concept score was 3.17 and the mean score for test anxiety was 2.38. Self-resilience showed a negative correlation with test anxiety (r=-.186, p<.001) and a positive correlation with academic self-concept (r=.312, p<.001). Academic self-concept showed a negative correlation with test anxiety (r=-.353, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that self-resilience and academic self-concept enhancement programs should be developed to reduce test anxiety in undergraduates and that further study should be done on the effects of such programs.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.84-100
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• 1999

Caring is the essential and universal concept of underlying nursing. Exactly how caring attributes relate to nurses' perception in the context of a contemporary technological environment have yet to be operationlized. In total. 560 Registered Nurses from 5 different university hospitals were involved in this study which aimed to : investigate technological influence and caring attributes as perceived by nurse. Data were obtained using Technological Influence Questionnaire (TIQ) and Caring Attributes Questionnaires(CAQ) which developed by Arthur et al(1999). Data were analyzed using SAS program for frequency. t-test. ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range test. and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows : 1) The mean score of TIQ was 48.84 and special unit nurses' TIQ was higher than that of general ward nurses. 2) The mean score of CAQ was 237.02 and it showed significant differences in the following variables : age. religion. educational background. marital status. career, and position. 3) With regard to the mean item score of CAQ by 3 perspectives : theoretical perspectives score was 3.76. practical perspectives score was 4.03, and pedagogical perspectives score was 3.84. 4) The correlation between TIQ score and CAQ score was slightly moderate (r=.35), The CAQ mean scsre was significantly different accordig to the level of TIQ meen score. The CAQ mean score was $247.19(\pm18.17)$ in high TIQ(>mean+1SD) group, $236.21(\pm19.71)$ In moderate $TIQ(between\;mean{\pm}1SD) $ group, and $228.47(\pm18.07)$ in low TIQ( (mean-1SD) group. In conclusion, nurses perceived the CAQ differently by several demographic characteristics which relating to age. religion, eduacational background. marital status. career. and position. This study provides an important message for administrators and nurse educators by highlighting factors which can be addressed by education programs. staff development and appraisal. Further research is necessary to improve and refine the Korean version of TIQ and CAQ instead of Arthur et al's scales directly to Korean nurses.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2018

Objectives: We aimed to examine health-related nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior related to caffeine intake among high school students (n = 310) in the Yongin region of Korea. Methods: Data were collected using a face-to-face survey, and analyzed using chi-square test, t- test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The level of caffeine intake in respondents was divided into low (< 30 mg/d; n = 208) and high caffeine intake groups (> 30 mg/d; n = 102). Total nutritional knowledge related to bone disease was higher in the low intake group (score 2.75) than the high intake group (score 2.39; p < 0.05). The high intake group had lower scores for nutritional knowledge (score 0.70; p < 0.05) related to how caffeinated beverages affect sleep and for dietary behavior (score 3.25; p < 0.001), based on "I avoid caffeinated foods before sleep," than the low intake group (nutritional knowledge score, 0.80; dietary behavior score, 3.76). Conclusion: In the overall analysis, the low caffeine intake group had better nutritional knowledge related to bone and sleep health, and healthier dietary behavior related to sleep health compared with the high intake group.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2021

컴퓨터단층촬영의 관상동맥 칼슘(coronary artery calcium, CAC) 점수에서 Advanced Modeled Iterative Reconstruction (ADMIRE)의 영향을 평가하였다. 89명의 환자를 대상으로 128 slice dual-source CT로 관상동맥 칼슘 영상(348개의 칼슘, 6개 그룹, 총 2088개의 칼슘)을 획득하였다. Filtered back projection(FBP)과 ADMIRE(1-5)로 재구성된 이미지로부터 Volume score, Agatston score를 측정하였다. FBP와 ADMIRE Strength(1-5) 간의 차이는 Kruskal-Wallis 검정을 통해 확인하고, 사후분석은 FBP를 기준으로 Mann-Whitney U 검정을 하였다. Volume score와 Agatston score 모두 FBP와 ADMIRE(1-5)간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었습니다(P=0.015, P=0.0.38). 추가로 사후분석 한 결과 Volume score는 FBP를 기준으로 ADMIRE 4(Z=-2.359, P=0.018)에서 9.5 %, ADMIRE 5(Z=-3.113, P=0.002)에서 13.2 % 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Agatston score는 FBP를 기준으로 ADMIRE 4(Z=-2.051, P=0.040)에서 10.4 %, ADMIRE 5(Z=-2.718, P=0.007)에서 14.0 % 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 높은 ADMIRE strength는 칼슘 면적의 감소로 인하여 Volume score, Agatston score에 영향을 준다. 또한, Maximum HU의 감소로 인한 Density factor 변화는 Agatston score 계산에 영향을 줄 수 있다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2000

This survey is mainly focus on identifying the efficacy of CPR training for 92 first responders who participated in the first aid and emergency rescue program dated on November 22 and November 24, 2000. First responders are trained and evaluated using AHA guideline for 4 hours. Data are analyzed by Percentage, Mean, T-test, F-test using SPSS program. The results for this study are as follows: 1. An average score for CPR evaluation is high as 1.71 of total score 2.0. 2. Between adult CPR and infant CPR, an average score for adult CPR is higher than infant CPR. The highest item of adult CPR and infant CPR is checking for unresponse(1.95 and 1.93), the lowest items are checking for circulation and chest compression position in the adult CPR and location of chest compression in the infant CPR 3. There are statistically significant differences in the evaluation score of CPR according to age, education level, occupation, job experience and emergency accident situation in the past.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2002

In this paper, a covariate adjusted logrank test is considered for censored paired data under the Cox proportional hazard model. The proposed score test resembles the adjusted logrank test of Tsiatis, Rosner and Tritchler (1985), which is derived from the partial likelihood. The dependence structure for paired data is accommodated into the test statistic by using' sum of square type' variance estimators. Several weight functions are also considered, which produce a class of covariate adjusted weighted logrank tests. Asymptotic normality of the proposed test is established and simulation studies with moderate sample size show the proposed test works well, particularly when there are dependence structure between treatment and covariates.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2013

The result of the English test for freshmen showed wide difference in the ability of students, which means the graded class is strongly required. This paper describes the case study about the graded English class that was carried out for the freshman. Every freshman must take an English placement test from problems bank and were classified according to the result of the test. In order to resolve the dissatisfaction of the high level students, the statutes of my university for credit were modified. In order to analyze the effect of the graded class, evaluation test using similar problems was carried out at the end of the semester. The effect of the graded class was analyzed by using the paired samples t-test method and there was a meaningful performance improvement at the average score. Additional improvements in the method of classification and credit granted were made by analyzing the results of the evaluation test and survey.