• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.735-736
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• 2015

The Physics Outreach Unit at UNSW Australia contributes to the goals of the IAU's Commission 55 by collaborating with established institutions to improve public engagement with science. We aim to not only increase public awareness of astronomy but also ensure the benefits to society of our scientific endeavours are understood. We have found collaborating with like-minded institutions who are working in similar spaces allows both parties to make a larger impact than working alone. For example, our long-term collaboration with the Australian Museum provides the opportunity to engage urban and rural communities with science, audiences to which we do not normally have easy access. To increase our national presence we are exploring new relationships with other institutions, in particular the Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA), in hosting events such as public talks with eminent astronomers, star parties and astronomical workshops. These partnerships help build firm foundations for planning future events, in particular during the International Year of Light 2015.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

This study examined emergency exit location with the most representing school floor type with a mathematical model that applied optimized algorithm in the field of engineering. Recent school buildings became much more diverse in floor planning than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to building prevention against fire related emergency planning still relies on an personal experience and knowledge. Therefore, since school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events, emergency exit planning has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type(node) and the minimum physical distance between spatial types(arc), can propose the most optimized emergency exit locations. Consequently, this study compared an architect's fire exit planning with the scientific outcome of this study and suggested the most reliable emergency exit locations.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

This study aims to quantitatively compare and analyze kinetic variables in the motion of male and female professional golfers to suggest basic scientific materials for golf iron swing. Five male and five female professional golfers participated in this experiment. Ground reaction force and foot pressure were measured during performing 10 swings for each participants using an iron club. The result of the ground reaction force indicates that the force occurs at the left foot toward right(-) direction in the mid-downswing(E3) and impact(E4) events in X-axis, while it occurs at the right foot toward anterior(-) direction in Y-axis for both male and female, showing a big difference between them. Also, in Z-axis, large force occurs at the left foot in most events. The analyzed result on foot pressure indicates that men have the highest pressure and area at the left foot, and women have the highest ones at the right foot in the mid-downswing(E3) and impact(E4) events in the max foot pressure, ground contact area and average pressure. It is considered that there is difference of central movement methods between men and women. Thus, different education and training on golf swing should be necessary by gender due to their different patterns of golf iron swing.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.619-639
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• 2009

In his 1993 stage play, Arcadia, Tom Stoppard appropriates scientific theories to dramatize the difficulty in predicting the future and in describing the past. Arcadia tracks the archaeological efforts of two present-day literary critics, Hannah Jarvis and Bernard Nightingale, as they attempt to piece together the events that occurred at a large country house called Sidley Park, from 1809 to 1812. While employing a variety of historical and cultural references to the changes taking place in British landscape gardening around the early nineteenth century, the play also turns around the intuitive-romantic versus rational-classical dichotomy represented by Hannah, and present in its discussion of science and the recoverable/irrecoverable past. Stoppard's use of chaos theory as a metaphor for the difficulties faced by those involved in biographical/bibliographical literary research suggests that unsubstantiated assumption can result in the construction of its subject, rather than in its recovery. This paper explores the way in which Stoppard uses scientific concepts, particularly the chaos theory, as a metaphor for human life and behaviour, and how he successfully describes the dilemmas and contradictions of life in so doing. Influences from his famous British predecessors, George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde, are evident, but Stoppard transcends both playwrights and crafts a dramatic style distinctively his own. The combination of wit, comedy, intellectual depth, intriguing ideas, literary allusions, scientific concepts, metaphors, and cultural references, all combine to make Arcadia a dramatic edifice that will stand the test of time.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-127
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• 1998

The purposes of this study are first, to plan communication strategies for promoting the 1st National Science Festival and other events of the April 1997's Science Month in Koreas; second, to monitor communication activities done for those events; third, to evaluate effects of communication activities. Both the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Korea Science Foundation were arranged to execute our planned communication strategies. Basically we utilized the three sequences of human behavioral condition : Exposure, attention, and cognition. For planning, we suggested concrete communication strategies for each sequence, for example, first, those for bringing exposure to every event, second, those for bringing attention to the event, and third, those for bringing cognition of the event. Those communication strategies were suggested to use specifics of newspapers, television programs, radio programs, commercial and corporate magazines, electric visual sign advertisements on the street, and computer communication. For monitoring and evaluation, we used the same three sequences as the criteria. For example, we monitored and evaluated how much exposure, attention or cognition an event got or which specific medium contributed to exposure to, cognition of an event. For monitoring, graduate students were dispatched to examine each event through watching and interviewing. For evaluation, about 950 of event participants and non-participants were surveyed by means of face-to-face interview. Overall, we found that newspaper articles and television programs contributed a lot to people's exposure to events of the April 1997's Science Month. Especially, newspaper played a major role of heightening exposure. However, most events and/or their science and technology content failed to get salient attention and its following active cognition. The 1st National Science Festival attracted much exposure, but had some problems of disorder and commercialism. This sharp increase of exposure and some attention were believed to have reinforced people's, especially event participants' positive opinion of science and technology which is part of scientific culture.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.435-450
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• 2018

Phenological events of four Rhododendron tree species (viz. R. arboreum, R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi, R. barbatum and R. kesangiae) was monitored in temperate mixed broad-leaved forests of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Phenological events like flower bud formation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit maturing, seed dispersal, leaf bud formation, leaf flushing, and leaf shedding were recorded. Indices i.e., phenophase sequence index (PSI), active phenophasic period of the species (APS) and index of reproductive/vegetative activity (RVA) were also calculated. Present study revealed that bark consistency, growth form and leaf pattern of the studied species have showed variations among the species. Rhododendron species exhibited the phenological events overlapping with other phenophases. The peak flower bud formation was observed during the winter; R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi start flowering from December, while the flowering in rest three species exhibited during February to April. Fruit setting occurred during summer to autumn while fruit maturation revealed peak during November. Leaf bud formation illustrated two peaks in April and May, leaf flushing exhibited peak in June, while leaf shedding peaked during October to November. Active phenophasic period of the species were found 12 months, which revealed that species engage in various phenophase activities throughout the year. Phenophase sequence index ranged between 0.8 to 0.9 (PSI ${\geq}0.6$), signifies that species have a sequential arrangement of phenophases. Index of reproductive/vegetative activity of the species exemplified >1, indicate that the reproductive phenophases were dominance over vegetative phenophases. The study have provided substantial insight on the life cycle events of Rhododendron species and ecological approaches for further scientific study with recent climate change and effective management and conservation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate safety, gastrointestinal tolerance, and growth of a new experimental starter formula (NESF) fortified with lutein, prebiotics, probiotics, nucleotides and beta-carotene, fed to infants within the first months of life. Methods: This was a non-randomized, open, uncontrolled study conducted from December 2010 to May 2011. Twenty-three healthy infants aged 10 days to 2 months old were enrolled. Outcomes included gastrointestinal tolerance, physical growth and safety. Prior to the initiation of the trial, the Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences confirmed that the NESF met all safety and nutritional parameters. Results: NESF was well tolerated. The majority of infants fed this formula passed semi-liquid, yellow or yellow-brown. The mean stool frequency/day was $2.5{\pm}0.4$ on study-day 14 and $1.8{\pm}0.5$ on study-day 28. The mean daily weight gain was $30.9{\pm}3.8$ grams and the mean length gain during the 28 days of follow up was $3.1{\pm}0.8cm$, corresponding to the average physical growth normally seen in the first months of life in Russian infants. Six children left the study: one refused to drink the formula, one left the study as parents changed residence; and one child's parents have recalled their informed consent due to adverse event unrelated to the product. Three infants presented adverse events possibly related to the product (rash; colic and abdominal pain; constipation). Seventeen infants completed the trial. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lutein-fortified formula is safe, well-tolerated and supported physical growth of evaluated infants.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2007

FORMOSAT-3 was launched in April of 2006. It consists of six low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that will be eventually deployed to an orbit at 800 km height. Its scientific goal is to utilize the radio occultation (RO) signals to measure the bending angles when the GPS signals transect the atmosphere. The bending angle is then used to infer atmospheric parameters, including refractivity, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity fields of global distributions through inversion schemes and auxiliary information. The expected number of RO events is around 2500 per day, of which 200 events or so fall into the polar region. Consequently, the FORMOSAT-3 observations are expected to play a key role to improve our knowledge in the weather forecasting and space physics research in the polar region. In this paper, we use temperature profiles retrieved from FORMOSAT-3 RO observations to study the climatology of gravity wave activity in the polar region. FORMOSAT-3 can provide about 200 RO observations a day in the polar region, much more than previous GPS RO missions, and, hence, more detailed climatology of gravity wave activity can be obtained.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.465-477
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• 2016

Objectives: This review examined the scientific evidence regarding the impact of climate change on food safety. Methods: The impact of climate change on food safety was assessed based on a survey of related publications reported in the past 20 years. The terms used for literature selection reflect three aspects: climate change; food; and food safety. Results: Climate change is expected to affect the key elements of food production - water and climate. These impact on food safety through many different pathways. Directly, food shortages according to the population grovoth result in a food security/food supply problem, These relationships are commonly understood. The indirect impacts include an increase in food-borne diseases and pathogens, increased mycotoxin production, and increased risk of pesticide residues in foods due to greater use of pesticides in response to warming and increased precipitation and the accompanying diseases in certain crops. Field studies and statistical and scenario analyses were performed to provide evidence. However, quantification of these relationships is still lacking. Conclusion: Adaptation measures at the local and community levels are essential since the pressures from weather and climate events may differ according to region and sector. It is recommended that we go beyond empirical observations of the association between climate change and food safety and develop more scientific explanations. We also need to explore alternative materials for bioenergy demands in order to improve sustainability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

This study compared evacuation effectiveness between the conventional school auditorium plan and a suggested hypothetical plan that was generated by a mathematical model, which is commonly applied in the field of industrial engineering. Recent school buildings became much more complicated in floor planning due to new social needs and modern curriculum than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to floor composition in terms of fire emergency evacuation planning, still has no relation to optimized effective but relies more on an conventional school planning. Therefore, since school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events than any other building types, emergency exit effectiveness based on spatial composition has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type(node) per floor and the minimum physical distance between spatial types(arc), can propose the most optimized spatial layout per floor regarding emergency evacuation event. Consequently, this study evaluated school's fire exit effectiveness focusing on auditorium area with the scientific tool and suggested the most reliable spatial layout regarding possibile emergency evacuation event.