• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2021

Modern society is becoming more informed and intelligent with the development of digital technology, in which humans, objects, and networks relate with each other. In accordance with the changing times, a garden system has emerged that makes it easy to supply the ideal temperature, humidity, sunlight, and moisture conditions to grow plants. Therefore, this study attempted to grasp the concept, perception, and trends of smart gardens, a recent concept. To achieve the purpose of this study, previous studies and text mining were used, and the results are as follows. First, the core characteristics of smart gardens are new gardens in which IoT technology and gardening techniques are fused in indoor and outdoor spaces due to technological developments and changes in people's lifestyles. As technology advances and the importance of the environment increases, smart gardens are becoming a reality due to the need for living spaces where humans and nature can co-exist. With the advent of smart gardens, it will be possible to contribute to gardens' vitalization to deal with changes in garden-related industries and people's lifestyles. Second, in current research related to smart gardens and users' experiences, the technical aspects of smart gardens are the most interesting. People value smart garden functions and technical aspects that enable a safe, comfortable, and convenient life, and subjective uses are emerging depending on individual tastes and the comfort with digital devices. Third, looking at the usage behavior of smart gardens, they are mainly used in indoor spaces, with edible plants are being grown. Due to the growing importance of the environment and concerns about climate change and a possible food crisis, the tendency is to prefer the cultivation of plants related to food, but the expansion of garden functions can satisfying users' needs with various technologies that allow for the growing of flowers. In addition, as users feel the shapes of smart gardens are new and sophisticated, it can be seen that design is an essential factor that helps to satisfy users. Currently, smart gardens are developing in terms of technology. However, the main components of the smart garden are the combination of humans, nature, and technology rather than focusing on growing plants conveniently by simply connecting potted plants and smart devices. It strengthens connectivity with various city services and smart homes. Smart gardens interact with the landscape of the architect's ideas rather than reproducing nature through science and technology. Therefore, it is necessary to have a design that considers the functions of the garden and the needs of users. In addition, by providing citizens indoor and urban parks and public facilities, it is possible to share the functions of communication and gardening among generations targeting those who do not enjoy 'smart' services due to age and bridge the digital device and information gap. Smart gardens have potential as a new landscaping space.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2013

In order to provide a scientific foundation for herb application in landscape, the photographs were taken from the herb landscape in urban green space and sightseeing garden. The questionnaire-based survey was also applied to analyze the cognitive situation of herb. Most investigators love herb, but have a low level of herb; Interviewees' consideration of herb function lie in ornamental, healthcare and medical treatment; The bulk of the visitors think herb landscape is insufficient; Investigators' preferences for herb application forms are landscape edging and combining with stone. We also probe into the optimum allocation form combining herb with landscape elements. When we combine herb with landscape water or landscape architecture, artistic conception and reasonable plant allocation should be considered; When we combine herb with landscape path or garden ornament, reasonable plant disposition and appearance and practical collocation should be thought over; When we combine herb with flower-border, richly colored landscape and reasonable plant allocation should be deliberated on.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2005

To evaluate the effects of cultivar, environment, age and cultivation times on ginsenoside content among 8 wild populations of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), the concentrations of 6 ginsenosides in root were determined at the time of collection (T0) of plants from the wild and 1 year after (T1) transplanting the roots to each of two different forest garden locations. Both location and population had significant effects on root and shoot growth. Overall, ginsenoside Rb1 was most abundant. The second most abundant ginsenoside were Re and Rg1, however the contents of them were not significantly different from each other. Concentrations of Rg1 and Re were inversely related. Ginsenoside Re was influenced by population and location. Ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd were influenced by population, location and age. Ginsenoside levels were consistently lower but growth was consistently higher at the more intensively managed garden location.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 2020

There are many problems that occur currently in agriculture industries. The problems such as unexpected of changing weather condition, lack of labor, dry soil were some of the reasons that may cause the growth of the plants. Condition of the weather in local area is inconsistent due to the global warming effect thus affecting the production of the crops. Furthermore, the loss of farm labor to urban manufacturing jobs is also the problem in this industry. Besides, the condition for the plant like air humidity, air temperature, air quality index, and soil moisture are not being recorded automatically which is more reason for the need of implementation system to monitor the data for future research and development of agriculture industry. As of this, we aim to provide a solution by developing IoT-based platform along with the irrigation for increasing crop quality and productivity in agriculture field. We aim to develop a smart garden system environment which the system is able to auto-monitoring the humidity and temperature of surroundings, air quality and soil moisture. The system also has the capability of automating the irrigation process by analyzing the moisture of soil and the climate condition (like raining). Besides, we aim to develop user-friendly system interface to monitor the data collected from the respective sensor. We adopt an open source hardware to implementation and evaluate this research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.202-207
• /
• 2001

Covering an area of about 39 ha, Qingming Shanghe Park is located in the northwest of Kaifeng, formerly the capital of seven dynasties in China. It is intended to serve as a tourist attraction based on a painting 〃Qingming Festival at Riverside〃 by Zhang Zeduan of the Northern song Dynasty, which vividly illustrates a real life on the both sides of the Bian River as well as in the urban area, Kaifeng, in early Spring. The park is a collection of varied buildings such as shops, restaurants, tea-houses, theaters, and hotels in the North song style, with an introduction of the history of Kaifeng, this paper examines design philosophy and methodology of the park, and discusses the creative design of the first stage development known as known as The South Area of the park. Marked by the Rainbow Bridge and the City Gate, the South Area is divided into three parts, the rural, suburban, and urban parts which are organized according to the spatial order showed in the painting. The South Area proves to be very successful because of its amazing sense of history and interesting folk performance. Furthermore, the preliminary 9planning of the second stage development known as The North Area is presented with references to culture, history and customs. The North Area is proposed to include the Old Sports & Games Garden, the Exhibition Garden, and the Hot Spring Garden with an appearance of the imperial gardens in the Northern Song, integrated with participation of old sports and games, display of old science & technology achievements, and enjoyment of hot spring bath.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.92-92
• /
• 2018

Silene seulensis Nakai was used as traditional medicines in Korea, we collected plant from demilitarized zone (DMZ). S. seulensis was extracted with 30, 50, and 70% ethanol and partitioned successively with n-hexane, EtOAc, dichloromethane and BuOH. These extracts (30, 50 and 70% ethanol) were evaluated the cytotoxicity on B16F10 and Hacat cell lines. The LC-MS/MS data of each fractions (n-hexane, EtOAc, dichloromethane, and BuOH) were compared with MS library, combined with ultraviolet/visual (UV/Vis) and MS data for faster determine structure by database search results. This led to the identification of four compounds (1-4) from S. seulensis. These compounds was isolated first time from S. seulensis. Their chemical structures are elucidated by combinations of NMR and mass spectrometry techniques.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.102-102
• /
• 2019

This study developed a HPLC analysis method for the determination of avicularin (AL) and quercitrin (QT) in Astilbe chinensis by HPLC. HPLC was performed on a Capcell Pak C18 MGII column ($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$) with a gradient elution of 0.05% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at $30^{\circ}C$ and a UV detection wavelength of 254 nm. The analytical method was validated for its specificity, precision, accuracy, and linearity. The limits of detection and quantitation were AL 0.09 and 0.28 mg/mL, QT 0.03 and 0.09 mg/mL respectively. Calibration curves showed good linearity (AL r2 > 0.99990 and QT r2 > 0.99994), and the precision of analysis was satisfied (less than AL 0.59%, QT 0.63%). Recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from AL 100.57 to 102.08%, QT 99.94 to 100.64%. These results indicate that the developed HPLC method was applied successfully to the detection of AL and QT in A. chinensis.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.100-100
• /
• 2019

This study attempted to establish a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis method for the determination of (-)-epicatechin gallate as a part of the quality control for the development of functional cosmetic materials from Penthorum chinense Pursh extracts. HPLC was performed on a Unison US-C18 column ($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$) with a gradient elution of 0.05% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and methyl alcohol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at $30^{\circ}C$. The analyte was detected at 280 nm. The HPLC method was performed in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline (version 4, 2005) of analytical procedures with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, and linearity. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.11 and 0.33 mg/mL, respectively. Calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9999), and the precision of analysis was satisfied (less than 0.6%). Recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from 99.51 to 101.92%. This result indicates that the established HPLC method is very useful for the determination of marker compound in P. chinense Pursh extracts.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.206-216
• /
• 2021

Deutzia paniculata Nakai, a rare and endemic plant, has limited distribution throughout the North and South Gyeongsang provinces of South Korea. The D. paniculata community grows mostly on the stony slopes of forests, valley edges, and rock layers at 250-960 m in altitude, where deciduous trees are dominant and high humidity is maintained. Correlation analysis of vegetation and environmental factors found that the Walter's dogwood-mulberry community was correlated with soil acidity (pH). Whilst the queritron community had correlations with distance from the valley, rock rate and slope. The natural habitat of the Palgongsan Mountain in Daegu is known to have high genetic diversity, had eight D. paniculata individuals recorded from 2014 to 2018, and 12 individuals recorded in 2020 (new individuals due to a newly created space within the herbaceous layer caused by grass mowing works), it is therefore unlikely that the community would perish unless there was an artificial disturbance. To conserve the natural habitats of D. paniculata, oppression by Sasa borealis, damage, increase in crown density of the upper layer, overexploitation, and absence of seedlings should be carefully investigated. In addition, response measures should also be established and the impact on seed fullness and the reproductive characteristics of D. paniculata recorded. To restore declined genetic diversity, individuals from high genetic diversity regions, such as Palgongsan Mountain, should be artificially transplanted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.238-239
• /
• 2000