• Forest Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.169-180
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• 2018

The Republic of Korea (ROK) has had a successful experience in greening its land because of strong state policy and public participation. This paper aims to analyze the interest positions, participation, and accountability of multiple actors in the process of greening movements in the ROK. These movements were divided into two phases: forest rehabilitation (1973-1997) and urban greening (1998-2017). During the first phase, farmers caused deforestation by slash-and-burn farming and illegal logging, and governmental agencies acted as helpers controlled the farmers' deforestation activities. During the second phase, government agencies and enterprises caused deforestation with urban development projects, including construction of housings and roads. Multiple actors including citizens, NGOs, and enterprises helped urban greening through campaigns, donations, and monitoring. As a result, managing interest positions is significant to motivate multiple actors to participate in the greening movement. Participation with clear accountability is meaningful for successful greening. Therefore interest-based participation requiring accountability contributes to greening. This phenomenon indicates interconnection for interest positions, participation and accountability should be considered in designing greening policies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2014

Purpose - This study conducted empirical research on non-financial corporations listed on the stock exchange from 2001 to 2010, focusing on the effects of corporate governance on real earnings management of corporations. In particular, this study examined primarily the impact of the largest shareholder who could use earnings management to pursue his own self-interest, and foreign investors who played a checking role against the largest shareholders. The study also reviewed the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management while also considering corporate growth. Research design, data, and methodology - As for the measurements of real earnings management, abnormal operating cash flow and abnormal production cost were utilized. As for the independent variables, share ratio of the largest shareholder and affiliate person (M) and share ratio of foreign investors (FT) were leveraged. This study excluded those organizations that had changed their fiscal years, those that had not submitted an audit report, corporations under supervision, delisted corporations, corporations that had changed their business type, and so on, from the non-financial corporations out of the publicly traded corporations whose fiscal year ended in December from 2001 to 2010 in addition, KIS values were utilized for the corporate financial data in the study. To verify whether management structure and growth had an impact on real earnings management of a corporation through empirical analysis, a multiple regression analysis model was applied. Result - First, as a result of the analysis, the share ratio (M) of the largest shareholder and affiliate person was found to have a significant positive correlation with abnormal cash flow from operations(ACF) and abnormal production cost (APD). When controlling the growth, the share ratio (M) of the largest shareholder and affiliate person was found to have an insignificant correlation with abnormal cash flow from operations(ACF) but a significant correlation with abnormal production cost (APD). Second, foreign ownership (FT) was found to have a significant positive correlation with abnormal cash flow from operations(ACF) and abnormal production cost (APD) at the confidence level of 1 percent when not including the growth dummy. When controlling the growth, foreign ownership (FT) was found to have a significant negative correlation with abnormal cash flow from operations (ACF) and with abnormal production cost (APD). Conclusion - The results imply that the largest shareholder is closely related to earnings management through real activities regardless of corporate growth. It is also possible to determine from these results that foreign investors are related to earnings management through real activities when not considering corporate growth, but that they would reduce earnings management in the case of considering the growth. Thus, this study verified along with the existing studies that foreign investors were conducting the control function on controlling shareholders.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2024

Countries around the world are making active efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Korea is also pursuing a policy of abolishing aging coal power and converting it to LNG power generation. However, in Korea, gas turbine manufacturing technology has not been localized, so all of it is imported and installed from overseas manufacturers. Therefore, this paper examines the domestic and foreign environment of the gas turbine power generation industry and proposes a strategy to develop and expand the supply of Korean gas turbine technology by applying the PEST-SWOT-AHP methodology. As a result of the research, the strategy to develop and expand the supply of Korean gas turbine technology can be summarized as 1) strengthening the role of power generation public enterprises to develop and promote commercialization of gas turbine technology, 2) expanding the proportion of LNG power generation to reduce greenhouse gases, 3) the government's active efforts to create an ecosystem for the gas turbine industry, and 4) forming a public consensus on the construction of LNG power plants.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.118-129
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• 2023

The expansion of smart cities drives the growth of data generated from sensor devices, benefitting citizens with enhanced governance, intelligent decision-making, optimized and sustainable management of available resources. The exposure of user data during its collection from sensors, storage in databases, and processing by artificial intelligence-based solutions presents significant security and privacy challenges. In this paper, we investigate the various threats and attacks affecting the growth of future smart cities and discuss the available countermeasures using artificial intelligence and blockchain-based solutions. Open challenges in existing literature due to the lack of countermeasures against quantum-inspired attacks are discussed, focusing on postquantum security solutions for resource-constrained sensor devices. Additionally, we discuss future research and challenges for the growing smart city environment and suggest possible solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2017

The question of how to establish sustainable agricultural systems has become as prominent as questions related to water, energy and climate change. High input/high output agriculture has brought with it many adverse effects; the massive deterioration of soil and water in both quantity and quality, increased greenhouse gas emissions and an increased prevalence of unsafe foods. Additionally, urbanization and climate change has worsened the shortage of farmland and reduced the supply of agricultural water. Given these challenges, maintaining, conserving and efficiently using agri-environmental resources, through fostering of sustainable agriculture, have emerged as key tasks in solving these problems. What is needed therefore is research, based on systematic and comprehensive empirical analyses, that can propose plans and methods for establishing an appropriate sustainable agricultural system. The empirical analysis of sustainable agricultural system is approached separately from economic, environmental and social aspects. An analysis of environment effect reveals that the available phosphate level is 1.3~2.1 times greater than the optimal amount in rice paddies, upland fields and orchards. Further examination has revealed that the excess nutrient is polluting both ground water and surface water. Analytical results for economic feasibility show that factors of production have been invested heavily in the rice crop. Under these conditions, sustainable agriculture, including low-input agriculture, appears to be a possible alternative that will facilitate simultaneous improvements in both economic feasibility and environment effects. Analysis results for sociality reveal that social factors include the value of producer, association and interior networks. Social conditions are comprised of leadership, consumers' awareness, education and conflict solutions. In addition, analysis as to the degree investments contribute to improving agricultural value added has revealed that the direct payment program is the most effective instrument. Experts confirm that economic feasibility can be improved by scientific and well-reasoned nutrient management on the basis of soil testing. Farmers pointed to 'economic factors' as being the largest obstacle to switching to the practice of sustainable agriculture. They also indicate 'uncertainty with regards to sustainable agriculture technology' as an impediment to practicing sustainable agriculture. Even so, farmers who believe environmental and regional issues to be the most pressing problems have expanded their practice of sustainable agriculture. The keys to establishing sustainable agriculture system are classified into the following four aspects. Firstly, from an economic aspect, the research indicates that agricultural policy needs to be integrated with environmental policy and that the function of market making based on the value chain needs to be revitalized. Secondly, from an environmental aspect, there is a need for an optimal resource management system to be established in the agricultural sector. In addition, sustainable agriculture practice will need to be extended with attendant environmentally-friendly and sustainable intensive technology also requiring further development. Thirdly, from a social aspect, green agriculture management needs to be fostered, technology and education extended, and social conflict mediated. Lastly, from a governance aspect, it will be necessary to strengthen good governance, assign and share suitable roles and responsibilities, build a cooperation system and utilize community supported agriculture.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2010

There is increasing consensus that global warming is seriously affecting the Arctic region. Sea Ice decreases and sea level rise have led to environmental change in Arctic Ecosystems, while also making the Arctic sea route more accessible to humans. There are complicated international governance dynamics in play, in addition to commercial and scientific interests in the Arctic region. This provides a unique opportunity for Korea to lead the future direction of Arctic policy in response to the global issues such as climate change and economic or scientific interests. Korea acquired Ad-hoc Observer status of the Arctic Council(AC) in 2008, which is the only pan-Arctic intergovernmental organization. It consists of six working groups: ACAP, AMAP, CAFF, PAME, EPPR, SDWG that implement research, survey, and monitoring. AC's Observer country has the opportunity to participate in a diverse range of activities such technical and expertise support, research and monitoring, financial support and conference organization. In order for Korea to expand its activities in the Arctic region, we suggest the following approach: First, Korea should become more actively engaged with the Arctic Council and its activities; Second, Korea should construct organized collaborative networks of national experts to respond to Arctic issues; Third, Korea should develop collaborations with Arctic states; Finally, Korea should intensify its research on international relations and international laws related to the Arctic region.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.20-38
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• 2013

Park, Keun-Hye government has just established a new ministry for integrating and managing the policies for science & technology and ICT. From the ICT governance perspective, the new ministry implies separating promotion policies from regulation polices. The current paper aims to present ICT policy implications by providing a perspective on regulation and promotion. A delphi survey was conducted for 32 experts in ICT sector. According to the experts, a clear distinction between regulation and promotion policies is difficult, and thus, integrating regulation and promotion policies looks more preferable. In general, an independent ministry that integrates regulation and promotion policies is mostly preferred. Some suggested an independent committee inside the ministry might be desirable, especially for the broadcasting regulation policy to be independent from the ministry control. The current study proposes tight collaboration between the newly established ICT ministry and the Korea Communications Commission, and in the long term, integrated administration of promotion and regulation policies. In particular, this study emphasizes the importance of the integrated policy management to enhance government policy capacity.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.861-871
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• 2017

There is a Korean proverb that learns old things and learns new things from it. This study analyzes the change of the policy governance system in the field of information and communication since 2008 and outlines the future directions. The launch of the Korea Communications Commission (KCC), which combines the Ministry of Information and Communication and the Korea Broadcasting Commission in 2008, and the separation of the Korea Communications Commission and Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in 2013, were systematic responses to the policy environment. Recent changes in the ICT environment, such as the advent of the fourth industrial revolution and the intelligence information society, call for an organizational timely response. In the future, it will be very important to set the scope of ICT policy, the establishment of a dedicated organization, the strengthening of the regulatory system, and the role of the government and the market.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-93
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• 2016

This paper proposes Korean national science and ICT policies in artificial intelligence (AI) field. After analyzing the AI trends in major countries as an initiative for global competitiveness, we suggest for new solutions for nutcracker threats and provide policy recommendations for strengthening competitiveness and commercialization in AI field of Korea. Korea's AI status was diagnosed in the order of governance, research and development (R&D), technology commercialization, law and legislation, and human resources strategy. In conclusion, it proposes improvement of governance, procession of long term future market initiative R&D, development of AI commercialization platforms, preparation of research friendly law and environment, and the nurturing of practical and converging human resources system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the community empowerment model to develop sustainable tourism villages in Indonesia. This study applies a qualitative method. Data collection is conducted through interviews, observations, and focus group discussions held in Ponggok Village of Central Java Province - Indonesia. The results of this study found that the tourism development carried out in the Ponggok Village used four approaches (1) spatial approach as a basis in determining the direction of village development; (2) sectoral approach through increasing the role of the Village Owned Enterprises to build the village economy; (3) human resources to enhance the role of village communities in managing village potentials; and (4) use of information technology to improve service quality, transparency and accountability. The success of these four approaches is influenced by the leadership, innovation, collaboration, and good village governance. The success of the Ponggok village to become an independent village in improving the welfare of the community is inseparable from the success of the Ponggok village government in empowering the community to manage sustainable tourism development. The success of development with these four approaches is influenced by leadership, innovation, collaboration, and good governance.