• 복식
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop a basic sloper for pants that would be appropriate for young Korean school girls between the ages of 6 to 11 years old. Pants available in the apparel market for children do not properly correspond to the body size of the target consumer group. This research explores the characteristics of the body size of the group and also identifies problems of the conventional pants sloper that would be generally used for the production of children's apparel. Ultimately it presents a basic sloper for a possible use for manufacturing. The basic slopers for pants were collected from three different companies and were the examples used for this study. An experimental pants sloper was developed, reflecting the average body size of a nine year-old girl, which Is thought to be the master size for grading in children's wear Four different cotton prototype pants were made based on the three companies' slopers and the experimental one for evaluation of the fit and overall shape of the pants on subjects. The results revealed that the design, fit, and overall look of the experimental pants was superior to that of the opposing companies' product. After alteration of the experimental sloper, a basic pants sloper was finalized. The finalized pants sloper was determined at W/4+1cm for the front waist and W/4+2cm for the back, H/4+0.5cm for the front hip and H/4+1.5cm for the bark hip, and 73cm for its length with 15.5cm and 18cm for its front and back pants width at the bottom, respectively.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sex education, focusing on the sexual activities of the elderly, on high school girls' sexual knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post design was used, and the data of 82 participants (41 in each group) were analyzed. The educational effects were assessed through sexual knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. The data were analyzed through SPSS 18.0, using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and paired t-tests. Results: The experimental and control groups had similar demographics. Sex education was effective in increasing sexual knowledge (p<.001), and changing the attitudes (p<.001) and perceptions (p<.001) of members of the experimental group for the better. Conclusions: This study has shown that sex education can improve high school girls' understanding of elderly sexual activities. This study is meaningful in that, it sought to facilitate a positive change in young people's attitudes towards elderly sexuality and quality of life.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1981

This investigation was designed to compare the calcification degree of maxillary second permanent molar to mandibular second permanent molar in skeletal Class III Malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted in standand lateral cephalogram study model and orthopantomogram of two hundred fifty seven Korean Children, one hundred twenty one boys and one hundred twenty four girls, aged 6 through 12 years, having skeletal Class III Malocclusion. On the basis of findigs of this study, the following results were obtained 1. In the stage of completion of crown, there was no significant difference in calcification degree between maxillary second molar and mandibular second molar of both boys and girls in skeletal Class III Malocclusion. 2. From 8 years of age at the stage of beginning root formation to 12 years of age, the calcification degree of mandibular second molar was more advanced than Maxillary second molar of both boys and girls in skeletal Class III Malocclusion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2007

The study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with bone mineral content (BMC) changes among early pubertal aged girls. Two hundred and thirty girls between 9 to 11 years of age participated in (our surveys over 2 year period. During each survey, dietary intakes were collected with 3-day food records, BMC of left leg's calcaneus were measured by PIXI (Lunar Ltd.) and body composition was measured by bioimpedance method (Inbody 3.0 Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean values of BMC increased in consecutive measurements -1.48 g, 1.54 g, 1.61 g and 1.66 g. The change of BMC between the first and last measurements was significantly positively correlated with % body fat, negatively correlated with BMC at the baseline (p < 0.05). Change of BMC was also significantly positively correlated with % change of lean mass and mineral mass between the first and last measurements. Nutrient intakes during the study period were calculated as mean daily intakes from all surveys. Mean daily intakes of Vit. C and Vit. $B_6$ were positively and isoflavone intake was negatively correlated with changes of BMC (p < 0.05). In stepwise regression of BMC change with body composition and nutrient intakes, baseline values of BMC, weight, BMI and age, % change of mineral mass during the study period, mean intakes of isoflavone, Vit. $B_6$, protein, carotene and zinc were significant explanatory variables ($R^2=0.38$, p <.001, F = 32.39). The results imply that the change of BMC among early pubertal aged girls are associated with some body composition and intakes of certain nutrients.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1977

The author investigated the timing of land and wrist ossification events taking place in the hamate and pisiform by means of roentgenographic examination and its relation to the peak growth velocities in body height. Materials obtained included 493 sheets of X-ray films taken from 257 boys ana 236 girls aged between 7 and 17 years lived in Seoul area. The results indicate that; 1) The average ages at occurrence of initial ossification of the hook of the hamate were 12 years 3 months in boys and 10 years 1 month in girls. 2) The average ages at which advanced ossification of the hook of the hamate occurred were 13 years 7 months in boys and 11 years 11 months in girls. 3) Initial ossification of the pisiform appeared at 13 years 0 month in boys and 10 years 2 months in girls. 4) All three ossification events in hand and wrist, and peak growth velocity in body height occurred earlier in girls than in boys. 5) Initial ossification in the hook of the hamate and pisiform preceded or coincided with peak growth in body height in most boys and girls, on the other hand, advanced ossification in the hook of the hamate occurred around peak growth in body height but in girls did it after peak growth in body height. 6) It would appear that initial ossification in the hook of the hamate or in the pisiform, both for boys and girls, provides a better indication of approaching peak adolescent growth in body height. 7) Advanced ossification in the hook of the tamale would indicate that the period of cercumpuberal peak growth had teen entered or finished.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2015

Purpose: It is difficult to differentiate between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic usefulness of pelvic ultrasonography to distinguish between CPP and PT in girls with early breast development. Methods: This study included girls with early breast development who visited the clinic between January 2012 and December 2013. Clinical, laboratory, and pelvic ultrasonographic data were evaluated. CPP and PT were confirmed using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test. Results: A total of 248 girls aged 7-8 years were included, among whom 186 (75.0%) had CPP and 62 (25.0%) had PT. The uterine length, transverse diameter, fundus, volume, and cross-sectional area were significantly larger in the CPP group (uterine length, $2.45{\pm}0.50cm$ vs. $2.63{\pm}0.49cm$, P=0.015; uterine volume, $0.95{\pm}0.62cm^3$ vs. $1.35{\pm}0.76cm^3$, P<0.001). However, there were no differences in the fundus/cervix ratio and ovarian measurements. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, a uterine volume of at least $1.07cm^3$ was the most predictive parameter for CPP with an area under the curve of 0.670 (95% confidence interval, 0.593-0.747). Conclusion: Uterine measurements by pelvic ultrasonography in girls with early pubertal development were significantly larger in the CPP group. However, the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic parameters was not high because of a considerable overlap of values between the two groups. Therefore, pelvic ultrasonography in combination with clinical and laboratory tests may be useful to distinguish between CPP and PT in girls.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2019

This study develops a bodice pattern for high school girls aged 17 to 19 that use virtual garment simulation. The study developed a bodice pattern based on the fit evaluation result for two selected bodice patterns. The basic formula of the design method based on the result of 3 times of fit evaluation is as follows: waist back $length=stature/8{\times}1.85cm$, waist front length=waist back length+bust/40+0.7cm, front bust girth=bust/2+4cm, back bust girth=Chest/2+3cm, armscye depth=Chest/4+0.5cm, back interscye length=bishoulder length -1.2cm, front interscye length=back interscye length -1.2cm, front neck width=back neck width -0.3cm. The developed bodice pattern used Bishoulder Length as a criteria for the calculation formula of back interscye length, and back interscye length as a criteria for the calculation formula of front interscye length. The fit evaluation showed the relevance of the bishoulder length, front interscye length, and back interscye length based on a comparison of the calculated figure. A bodice pattern with great body suitability and fitness to high school girls was developed through 3D virtual garment simulation that calculated the application of body proportion to width. This study only analyzed the evaluation result of a virtual model only in a representative form; however, a pattern study is also proposed to compare and analyze the design methods of patterns by body type.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for energy are derived from total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of DRI for predicting the energy requirements of elementary school-age children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The present study involved 25 elementary school-age children aged between 9 and 11 years. TEE was assessed by the DLW method, and the results were compared with the TEE predicted by the DRI equations in order to evaluate accuracy. RESULTS: The subjects' TEE measured by the DLW method was $1,925.2{\pm}380.9kcal/day$ in boys and $1,930.0{\pm}279.4kcal/day$ in girls, whereas resting energy expenditure was $1,220.2{\pm}176.9kcal/day$ in boys and $1,245.9{\pm}171.3kcal/day$ for girls. The physical activity level was $1.58{\pm}0.20$ in boys and $1.55{\pm}0.13$ in girls. The mean bias between the predicted and measured TEE was 12.6% in boys and -1.6% in girls, and the percentage of accurate predictions was 28.6% and 63.6%, respectively. In boys, the equation resulted in underprediction of TEE among the subjects having low TEE values, whereas there was overprediction among subjects having high TEE values as shown by the Bland-Altman plot. On the contrary, this proportional bias was not observed in girls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the DRI equation for energy could result in the overestimation of energy requirements in elementary school-age boys. In the case of girls, the equations could be accurate at the group level. However, the DRI appears to be invalid for individual girls, as more than one third of girls had their TEE inaccurately predicted. We recommend more studies for confirmation of these results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5737-5744
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• 2013

이 연구는 14세의 여중학생의 초경 경험과 정신건강과의 연관성을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 연구 대상으로 제 8차 (2012년) 청소년건강행태 온라인 조사에 참여한 여중생 1학년 5,991명을 선별하였다. 데이터는 spss프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, t-test, chi-square, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통하여 분석하였다. 대상자중 4,473명의 초경경험 여학생군(여학생의 평균 초경연령은 12.8세)과 1,518명의 비 초경경험 여학생군을 확인하였다. 초경경험과 정신건강의 로지스틱 분석결과, 지각 스트레스(OR=1.39, 1.20-1.62, p<0.001), 인지 우울증(OR=1.25, 1.10-1.42, p<0.05), 자살 생각(6OR=1.60, 1.38-1.87, <0.001), 자살 계획(OR=1.66, 1.33-2.81, p<0.001)과 자살 시도 (OR=1.42, 1.09-1.86, p<0.05)에 대한 위험 비 (OR)[95% confidence interval (CI)]는 초경 경험군에서 초경 비 경험군보다 높았다, 이러한 결과는 초경의 경험이 여중생의 정신건강에 연관성이 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 초경의 경험이 여자 청소년의 정신건강에 영향을 주는 중요한 요인이었음을 시사한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4813-4818
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• 2016

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of chewing gutka,areca nut, snuff and tobacco smoking among the young population in the Northern India Population between the age of 15 to 22 years. Methods: The study was approved by the ethical committee. A total of 10 school and colleges located in the rural and urban areas was selected. A total of 1500 young individuals aged between 15 to 22 years were selected. A self-administered questionnaire was designed comprised of 14 closed ended questions about Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards consumption of areca nut, gutka and tobacco smoking that were filled by the participants. Descriptive statistics were obtained and mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages were calculated. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. Result: A total of 1050 out of 1500 students responded to the questionnaire. A total of 227 subjects agreed that they are consuming the tobacco. Out of this, 196 (86.34%) were boys and 31 (13.65%) were girls who agreed in consumption of tobacco product. Out of 196, 150 boys (76.5%) practices the habit of smoking 1 -5 times a day and 46 (23.4% ) practice the habit of chewing areca nut and gutkha 1 - 5 times a day. Out of 31 girls, 25 girls (80.6%) practices the habit of smoking 1 -5 times a day and 6 (19.4%) practice the habit of chewing areca nut and gutkha 1 - 5 times a day. Out of 740 subjects, 530 were boys and 210 girls have full knowledge of deleterious long term effects of tobacco consumption. Conclusion:The present study concluded that young population of North India lack Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding consumption of areca nut, gutka and tobacco smoking. Here is an urgent need to take effective steps, especially on launching community awareness programs for the school children and public to educate them about the consequences of tobacco use, and on assessing their effectiveness in curbing the problem.