• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.371-388
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• 2014

Cognitive Radio (CR) has been recently proposed as a promising technology to remedy the problems of spectrum scarcity and spectrum underutilization by enabling unlicensed users to opportunistically utilize temporally unused licensed spectrums in a cautious manner. In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), data routing is one of the most challenging tasks since the channel availability and node mobility are unpredictable. Moreover, the network performance is severely degraded due to large numbers of path failures. In this paper, we propose the Fault-Tolerant Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (FTCARP) to provide fast and efficient route recovery in presence of path failures during data delivery in CRAHNs. The protocol exploits the joint path and spectrum diversity to offer reliable communication and efficient spectrum usage over the networks. In the proposed protocol, a backup path is utilized in case a failure occurs over a primary transmission route. Different cause of a path failure will be handled by different route recovery mechanism. The protocol performance is compared with that of the Dual Diversity Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (D2CARP). The simulation results obviously prove that FTCARP outperforms D2CARP in terms of throughput, packet loss, end-to-end delay and jitter in the high path-failure rate CRAHNs.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.96-113
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• 1984

It has been appeared since 1979 that the pattern of laver culture changes from household management to entrepreneurial management. The typical entrepreneurial laver culture management (ELCM) can be defined as a management by the floating aquaculturing method and mechanical processing system. Historical studies show that the ELCM could be operated only under the following condintions; \circled1 securing capital, labor and aquaculturing farm. \circled2 Leveling up of technology to combine these resources effectively. \circled3 Realizing its true value of products for good profits. In turning from household mangement to ELCM, there are some obstacles as follows ; \circled1 Uncertainty, which cannot maintein the merit of mass production because the object of laver culture is living in the sea. \circled2 Immaturity of management owing manly to the lower level of technology and scarcity of competent managers. \circled3 Social problems ; lack of aquaculturing farm, overpopulation in fishing villiage, side-job with agriculture etc. For these reasons, there has been household management with overlabor and underconsumption in fishing village. In order that ELCM can enter the stage of maturity, those problems should be solved. Because ef laver industrial inferiority, these can be solved by the support assistance of government. As the required conditions in ELCM are filled by the government policy, ELCM are increased recently in its numbers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.3762-3781
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• 2020

Infrared pedestrian target recognition is a vital problem of significant interest in computer vision. In this work, a novel infrared pedestrian target recognition method that uses heterogeneous features with multi-kernel transfer learning is proposed. Firstly, to exploit the characteristics of infrared pedestrian targets fully, a novel multi-scale monogenic filtering-based completed local binary pattern descriptor, referred to as MSMF-CLBP, is designed to extract the texture information, and then an improved histogram of oriented gradient-fisher vector descriptor, referred to as HOG-FV, is proposed to extract the shape information. Second, to enrich the semantic content of feature expression, these two heterogeneous features are integrated to get more complete representation for infrared pedestrian targets. Third, to overcome the defects, such as poor generalization, scarcity of tagged infrared samples, distributional and semantic deviations between the training and testing samples, of the state-of-the-art classifiers, an effective multi-kernel transfer learning classifier called MK-TrAdaBoost is designed. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art recognition approaches for infrared pedestrian targets.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2011

Cognitive radio is accepted as an effective and promising approach for resolving the spectrum scarcity problem by allowing secondary users to borrow unused spectrum from primary users. A method of identifying busy and empty spectrum at the given time and space, which is called spectrum sensing, constitutes an essential element of the cognitive radio. In this paper, we propose a receiver-centric spectrum sensing scheme which attempts to detect the primary receiver rather than the primary transmitter. It is shown that the proposed receiver-centric sensing approach results in more efficient spectrum utilization than the conventional transmitter-centric sensing.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.628-643
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• 2015

This study is to assist in developing creative designs based on the humor available in the fashion world of Moschino. For the research method, this writing examined literature on humor and Moschino's fashion world and analyzed Moschino's fashion collection, show window, Maison Moschino, and collaborative products to conduct an empirical analysis of humor shown to the fashion media. The research results are as follows. The humor in Moschino's fashion appeared in the form of surrealistic humor with the depaysement technique, deconstructive wit in clothing, such as distortion, change, or exaggeration, and textual humor, including brand symbols, logos, and graffiti. Collection pieces indicated the brand's confirmative identity based on humor with the surrealistic depaysement technique and deconstructive wit through irregular phenomena, such as change, distortion, exaggeration, and illusion in clothing form. Additionally, such attributes added to Moschino's wit and humor in decorative costume components as graphic images, graffiti, and brand symbols, including smile, love, and reversal. The show window display delivered surprises and smiles through the production of surrealistic space borrowed from various objects. In particular, performance with surrealistic images helped to show the characteristics of parodic humor. Maison Moschino was a surrealistic space for the concept of the fairy tale and for practical experience, thus working as a communication channel for humor and emotion. Collaborative products also clearly reflected the identity of the designer's own humor, which showed scarcity value as well as differentiation.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.8-18
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• 2020

Data is critical in deep learning but the scarcity of data often occurs in research, especially in the preparation of the paired training data. In this paper, document image binarization with unpaired data is studied by introducing adversarial learning, excluding the need for supervised or labeled datasets. However, the simple extension of the previous unpaired training to binarization inevitably leads to poor performance compared to paired data training. Thus, a new deep learning approach is proposed by introducing a multi-diversity of higher quality generated images. In this paper, a two-stage model is proposed that comprises the generative adversarial network (GAN) followed by the U-net network. In the first stage, the GAN uses the unpaired image data to create paired image data. With the second stage, the generated paired image data are passed through the U-net network for binarization. Thus, the trained U-net becomes the binarization model during the testing. The proposed model has been evaluated over the publicly available DIBCO dataset and it outperforms other techniques on unpaired training data. The paper shows the potential of using unpaired data for binarization, for the first time in the literature, which can be further improved to replace paired data training for binarization in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.636-641
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• 2017

Water is an essential resource for human survival. According to the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050, rapid industrialization and a global population increase by approximately two billion will likely increase global water use by 55% in 2050. However, water depletion has been getting worse than before and has been happening more quickly, as Earth's water resources are limited. The present study proposes water management measures by using the virtual water theory which enables water consumption measurement and the confirmation and recognition of water scarcity problems, and will support the development of counter-measures. As a method for estimating the value of agricultural water, virtual water theory was used to calculate the amount of agricultural water input for domestic rice and to apply prices of agricultural water in the United States and China to Korean water prices. When the Chinese price was applied to Korean water prices, the value of agricultural water represented 0.3% of the Korean rice producer's price. When the US price was applied to Korean water prices, the value of agricultural water represented 1.6% of the domestic rice producer's price. The study exposes the percentage of the value of agricultural water in agricultural product prices, as well as how this scare resource may affect future prices. In the future, if there are water charges to effectively manage agricultural water, this study, which uses the virtual water theory, can be used as a preliminary research.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2861-2880
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• 2018

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have become a viable platform owing to their potential of providing communication without any pre-existing infrastructure and central administrating authority. Mutual support and co-operation among nodes are prerequisites for performing functions in such networks. The scarcity of resources makes it economical for nodes to conserve their resources and misbehave by avoiding participation in the network. Therefore, a mechanism is required to detect and handle such misbehaving nodes and promote co-operation in the network. Existing techniques for handling misbehaving nodes focus only on their current behaviour without considering the antecedent behaviour of nodes. In real world, a node may dynamically change its behaviour in accordance to its requirements. Hence, an efficient mechanism is required for providing security against such misbehaviour. This paper proposes an Adaptive Security Model which contemplates the present as well as anterior behaviour of nodes for providing security against dynamic node behaviour. The adaptivity of the model is nested in its ability to requite well-behaving nodes and penalize misbehaving ones in conformity with their overall behaviour. Simulation results indicate the efficiency of proposed scheme in securing the network from the menace of dynamic behaviour of nodes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.39
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• pp.91-98
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• 1998

This paper is to study the development background of casual Korean clothes through the consideration of the style change of traditional clothes. The purpose of this study is to present the method for the settlement of casual Koran clothes as everyday clothes and to present the direction which casual Koran clothes follow in the future. The development. The development backgrounds of casual Korean clothes are as followings. 1) the self-awakening for the importance of national culture. 2) practical aspects 3) the change of life style accompanied with economic growth 4) the development of mass media Casual Korean clothes in the future should be studied and developed in following aspects. 1) practical aspects by developing design for easy activity 2) environmental aspects by natural dyeing which is harmless to human body and the nature 3) emotional aspects by regarding traditional beauty as importance 4) color sense aspects according to scarcity of as form change of the Korean clothes 5) production aspects by mass production of ready-made clothes not order clothes 6) diplomatic aspects as folk costume which is corresponding with international trend 7) scientific aspects by developing many patterns according to various bodies 8) economic aspects by low price through the mass cultivation of natural materials 9) fashionable aspects by subdividing traditional clothes to ceremonial clothes, everyday clothes, working clothes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

This study analyzed the expressive characteristics of padding in contemporary fashion. The methodology of this study was quantified through documentaries, fashion collections, and internet news. The results of expressive characteristics and methods were as follow. First, variability showed the creation of dwelling space by air filling, detail mode by zipper, and diversity of recycled filling by zipper pocket. It reflected the pursuit of nomadism and subversion of permanence by change of filling. Second, it was sexual symbolicity that showed the blurred androgynous silhouette by air filling and padding bar design of the chest, stomach, shoulder for the male body silhouette. It emphasized male sexual identity and power through the expression of a modern ideal body. Third, decoration displayed various crafts (such as knitting), various fabric such as polapolis, suedette, corduroy, denim, leather, knit, and spangle. It reflected visual pleasure, scarcity and various interpretations. Fourth, playfulness character forms throug hair filling, unfamiliar fashion items, diversity of silhouette and change of uses. It reflected a pleasant feeling through astonishment and surprise, nostalgia involved in memory and childhood play and disembarrassment from reality. Fifth, simplicity showed the elimination of a sportswear's factor with regular wad quilting, elimination of wad quilting, wad quilting following the structural line of clothes and the structual line of clothes omitted. It reflected disembarrassment from stereotype and an emphasis on essential elements.