• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2021

In order to provide a physiological solution for patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), the surgeon must understand where and how the pathology of lymphedema occurred. Based on each patient's pathology, the treatment plan should be carefully decided and individualized. At the authors' institution, the treatment plan is made individually based on each patient's symptoms and relative factors. Most early-stage patients first undergo decongestive therapy and then, depending on the efficacy of the treatment, a surgical approach is suggested. If the patient is indicated for surgery, all the points of lymphatic flow obstruction are carefully examined. Thus a BCRL patient can be considered for lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), a lymph node flap, scar resection, or a combination thereof. LVA targets ectatic superficial collecting lymphatics, which are located within the deep fat layer, and preoperative mapping using ultrasonography is critical. If there is contracture on the axilla, axillary scar removal is indicated to relieve the vein pressure and allow better drainage. Furthermore, removing the scars and reconstructing the fat layer will allow a better chance for the lymphatics to regenerate. After complete removal of scar tissue, a regional fat flap or a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap with lymph node transfer is performed. By deciding the surgical planning for BCRL based on each patient's pathophysiology, optimal outcomes can be achieved. Depending on each patient's pathophysiology, LVA, scar removal, vascularized lymph node transfer with a sufficient adipocutaneous flap, and simultaneous breast reconstruction should be planned.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2021

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 20 (SCAR20; OMIM #616354) is a recently described disorder that is characterized by ataxia, intellectual disability, cerebellar atrophy, macrocephaly, coarse face, and absent speech. It is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SNX14. To date, all cases with homozygous pathogenic variants have been identified in consanguineous families. This report describes the first Korean cases of SCAR20 family caused by homozygous variants in SNX14. Two siblings were referred to our clinic because of severe global developmental delay. They presented similar facial features, including a high forehead, long philtrum, thick lips, telecanthus, depressed nasal bridge, and broad base of the nose. Because the older sibling was unable to walk and newly developed ataxia, repeated brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at the age of 4 years, revealing progressive cerebellar atrophy compared with MRI performed at the age of 2 years. The younger sibling's MRI revealed a normal cerebellum at the age of 2 years. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and homozygous variants, such as c.2746-2A>G, were identified in SNX14 from the older sibling. Sanger sequencing confirmed homozygous SNX14 variants in the two siblings as well as a heterozygous variant in both parents. This report extends our knowledge of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of SCAR20. We also highlight the importance of deep phenotyping for the diagnosis of SCAR20 in individuals with developmental delay, ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and distinct facial features.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2022

Objectives: Hypertrophic scars (HSs) are caused by abnormal wound healing. To date, no standard treatment has been made available for HSs. Scrophularia striata has been reported to accelerate wound healing and has the potential to prevent HS formation. In this study, we investigated the anti-scarring effects of S. striata extract (SSE) in a rabbit ear model of scarring. Methods: In this study, New Zealand white rabbit (weight: 2.3-2.5 kg) were used. In the prevention phase of the study, three test groups received 5%, 10%, and 15% ointments of SSE in the Eucerin base, the fourth group received Eucerin, and the fifth group received no treatment. The samples were obtained on day 35 after wounding. In the treatment phase of the study, the test groups received an intralesional injection of SSE (5%, 10%, and 15%), the fourth group received an intralesional injection of triamcinolone, the fifth group received a solvent (injection vehicle), and the sixth group received no treatment. To evaluate the anti-scarring effects of SSE, the scar elevation index (SEI), epidermis thickness index (ETI), collagen deposition, and MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression were evaluated. Results: A significant reduction in SEI, ETI, and collagen deposition was noted in animals treated with SSE compared with the control groups. In addition, topical SSE stimulated MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the potential for SSE in the prevention and treatment of HS. SSE could be prepared as an appropriate formulation to treat wounds and prevent abnormal scarring.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to present the effect of subcision, microneedle therapy system and herbal peeling therapy which is treatment of Korean medicine to atrophic acne scar patients. Methods : We administered subcision, microneedle therapy system and herbal peeling therapy to atrophic acne scar patients and tested the results by Qualitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System and Korean Acne Grading System as well. Results : After the treatment, all of the patients showed improvements in Qualitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System and Korean Acne Grading System as well. Qualitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System of patients changed from grade 2.71±0.71 to grade 1.14±0.86 along with the change of Korean Acne Grading System from grade 1.57±0.57 to grade 1.00±0.00. Conclusions : Subcision, microneedle therapy system and herbal peeling therapy may be effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acne scars, and could be applied in clinical practice.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.704-709
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• 2022

Background The scar alopecia after cranioplasty (SAC) may decrease the patient's quality of life. We have treated SAC using follicular unit extraction (FUE). The aim of this study was to discuss that efficacy of FUE and how much hair follicular unit (FU) should be transplanted intraoperatively for the treatment of SAC. Methods We treated 10 patients (4 men and 6 women) who had SAC using FUE. Results The average age, alopecia size, and intraoperative hair density on the graft area were 29.8 ± 12.1 years, 29.8 ± 44.5 cm², and 34.6 ± 11.8 FU/cm², respectively. One year postoperatively, the average hair survival rate on the graft area was 66.3 ± 6.1%. Hair appearance was rated as good in six, fair in three, and poor in one. Among patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was ≥ 20 FU/cm², five of six patients achieved good results. However, among patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was < 20 FU/cm², all four patients achieved fair or poor results. The postoperative hair density was significantly higher in patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was ≥ 20 FU/cm² than in patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was< 20 FU/cm². The rate of achieving fair or poor results was significantly higher if the postoperative hair density was < 20 FU/cm² than if it was ≥ 20 FU/cm² (p = 0.047). Conclusions FU excision is useful for the treatment of scar alopecia after craniotomy. Our results suggest that the 1-year postoperative hair density should exceed 20 FU/cm² to achieve good outcomes.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

목적 : 소아기의 요로감염은 신손상을 유발하여 신반흔, 고혈압, 말기신부전증 등을 일으키며 요로감염에 흔히 동반되는 방광요관역류는 이와같은 신손상과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 조사는 한국소아에서의 요로감염과 방광요관역류와의 관계를 밝히고 또한 신반흔 발생과의 관련을 규명하고자 시행되었다. 방법 : 대상 환아는 1990년 1월부터 1996년 6월까지 경북대학교병원 소아과에 입원하여 요로감염으로 진단된 291례로 하였고, 신 초음파 검사, 경정맥 신우 조영술, 배뇨성 방광요로 조영술, DMSA 주사 등을 시행하여 방광요관역류 및 신반흔을 확인하였다. 역류의정도는 국제 소아 역류 조사팀에 의한 분류법을 사용하였다. 결과 :대상환아는 남아 177례, 여아 114례로서 총 291례였으며, 1세이하에서는 남아 대 여아비가 134:42로 남아가 훨씬 많았고, 5세이상에서는 11:35로 여아에서 그 빈도가 높았다. 방광요관역류는 64례(22%)에서 관찰되었으며 1등급 4.0%, 2등급 3.0%, 3등급 2.7%, 4등급 5.8% 및 5등급 6.2%였으며 남녀의 차이는 없었다. 원인 균주로는 E.coli가 167례로서 가장 많았으며 방광요관역류의 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 합병증으로서는 신결석이 4례에서 관찰되었고 5등급 방광요관역 류 환아 4례에서는 내원당시 말기신부전증의 증세를 보였다. 방광요관역류의 경 중에 따른 신반흔의 빈도는 역류가 없었던 경우 1.2%, 1등급 6.7%, 2등급 27.3%, 3등급 29.4%, 4등급 57.1% 및 5등급 100%로서 총 582개의 신장중49개(8.4%)에서 반흔이 관찰되었으며 역류가 심할수록 이의 빈도가 증가하였다. 연령에 따른 신반흔의 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 요약하면 역류의 정도가 심할수록 신반흔의 빈도가 높으며 그러므로 소아에서의 요로감염과 방광요관역류의 조기발견 및 적절한 치료는 신손상을 예방하는데 있어서 필수적이라 하겠다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1999

A linkage map of Capsicum annuum L. was constructed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers followed in a backcross population of an intraspecific cross between cultivars HDA210 and Yatsufusa. A total of 420 random primers were tested and 311 polymorphic bands were generated by 158 random primers. Among them, 86 Yatsufusa specific bands generated by 52 primers were examined for mapping. Most bands except three segregated in Mendelian fashion fitting the expected 1:1 ratio. The total length of the map was 533 cM distributed in 15 linkage groups. The map distance between adjacent markers ranged 0 to 32.8 cM, with an average distance of 9.1 cM (63 markers). Some markers were clustered and this may be due to the amplification of a repetitive sequence by the RAPDs. Primer pairs for a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) were developed and the segregation scores by the SCAR primers were in accordance with the RAPD data. Two QTL markers for number of axillary shoots and for early flowering were developed. One QTL for early flowering located in the linkage group 3 and explained 61 "io of the phenotypic variation. The other QTL for the number of axillary shoots located in the linkage group 4 explained 55 % of the phenotypic variation.tion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2019

Background The scalp, an excellent donor site for thin skin grafts, presents a limited surface but is rich in stem cells. The purpose of this study was to test a double harvesting procedure from the scalp and to evaluate the capacity of the dermal layer. Methods Two layers corresponding to a split-thickness skin graft (SSG) and a split-thickness dermal graft (SDG) were harvested from the scalp using a Zimmer dermatome during the same procedure. Healing of the scalp donor site, reason for recipient site grafting, and the percentage of graft loss were evaluated. Results Fourteen patients, comprising six men and eight women with a mean age of 34.2 years, were treated according to our protocol. The most common reason for a recipient site graft was a postburn scar deformity (10/14 patients). The mean area of scalp SSGs was 151.8 cm². The mean area of scalp SDGs was 88.2 cm². The mean healing time of scalp donors was 9.9 days. The only donor complication was a tufted scar deformity. Conclusions Skin defects in the scalp of donors healed faster and led to less scarring than defects at other donor sites. Scalp SDGs needed 10 days for adequate epithelization. The scalp was the best donor site for SSGs and SDGs for burn reconstructive patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.537-540
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• 2014

We present a case of ocular toxocariasis treated successfully with oral albendazole in combination with steroids. A 26-year-old male visited the authors' clinic with the chief complaint of flying flies in his right eye. The fundus photograph showed a whitish epiretinal scar, and the fluorescein angiography revealed a hypofluorescein lesion of the scar and late leakage at the margin. An elevated retinal surface and posterior acoustic shadowing of the scar were observed in the optical coherence tomography, and Toxocara IgG was positive. The patient was diagnosed with toxocariasis, and the condition was treated with albendazole (400 mg twice a day) for a month and oral triamcinolone (16 mg for 2 weeks, once a day, and then 8 mg for 1 week, once a day) from day 13 of the albendazole treatment. The lesions decreased after the treatment. Based on this study, oral albendazole combined with steroids can be a simple and effective regimen for treating ocular toxocariasis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.229-231
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• 2005

The most common and cumbersome complication of herpes zoster is postherpetic neuralgia, which typically presents as neuropathic pain. However, the painful symptoms of the postherpetic period might be associated with other causes, such as skin lesions of the herpes zoster. We report a case of a hypertrophic scar that developed in the lesion of an acute herpes zoster patient and was accompanied by pain.