• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.651-657
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• 1995

An abnormal Korean native cow of five years old with an extra leg was observed macroscopically and radiographically. The results were summarized as follows. 1. External features included two normal forelimbs and hindlimbs, and an extra abnormal forelimb which was underdeveloped. The extra forelimb attached to the regions of back on right scapula. 2. The extra forelimb had antebrachial meromelia. It consisted of undeveloped and severely deformed scapula and humerus, fused carpal bones, imperfectly duplicated metacarpal bones, and polydactyly. The polydactyly was consisted of seven rows of digits with seven hooves, and a rudimentary hoof of dewclaw. 3. The ectopic limp was devoid of muscular tissue.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

A system for measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal occurring at the sweat glands in the left palm and left finger of the human body was implemented in this study. The EDA measurement system (EDAMS) consisted of an algometer, a biopotential measurement system (BPMS), and a PC. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the function and clinical applicability of EDAMS. First, an experiment was carried out on the linearity of the voltage and the pressure that comprised the output signals of the algometer used for applying a pressure stimulus. Second, the amplitude of the EDA signal acquired from the electrode attached to the left palm or finger was measured while increasing the pressure stimulus of the algometer. When the pressure stimulus of the algometer applied to the left scapula was increased, the amplitude of the EDA signal increased. The amplitude of the EDA signal at the left palm was observed to be greater than that at the left finger. The amplitude of the EDA signal was observed to increase in a relatively linear relation with the intensity of the pressure stimuli. In addition, the latency of the EDA signal acquired from the electrode attached to the left palm or finger was measured while increasing the pressure stimulus of the algometer. When the pressure stimulus of the algometer applied to the left scapula was increased, the latency of the EDA signal decreased. The latency of the EDA signal at the palm was observed to be less than that at the finger. The latency of the EDA signal was observed to decrease nonlinearly with the pressure stimuli.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2010

Purpose: This study is to identify the muscle fatigue and pain by various cervical positions in the VDT work. Methods: Twenty two volunteers (11 males and 11 females) participated in this study. Each subject gazes monitor in front of them for thirty minutes in the three cervical positions (neutral, 30 degree flexed, and 30 degree extended positions). Visual analogue scale (VAS) for the pain and pressure pain threshold(PPT) of the trapezius and levator scapula for the muscle fatigue were measured every fifteen minutes. Results: VASs after 15 minutes were $1.23{\pm}0.43$ in neutral, $3.0{\pm}0.93$ in flexed, and $5.27{\pm}1.03$ in extended position respectively and increased to $1.5{\pm}0.67$, $4.59{\pm}1.26$, and $7.73{\pm}0.98$ after 30 minutes. The order of magnitude of VAS was extended, flexed, and neutral position(p<0.01). PPTs in both sides of upper trapezius and levator scapula muscles were decreased at the three positions after 15 and 30 minutes respectively(p<0.01). There were no statistical differences of PPTs in neutral and flexed positions after 15 and 30 minutes(p<0.01). Extended position showed lowest PPTs in both side of upper trapezius and levator scapula muscles after 15 and 30 minutes(p<0.01). There were statistical differences of PPTs in extended position and the other two positions after 15 and 30 minutes(p<0.01). Conclusion: The cervical position that has the most influence on the cervical muscle fatigue and pain in the VDT work is extended position.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.267-278
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• 1996

국내산 개에서의 Cheyletiella 좀진드기에 의한 피부염 1례를 보고한다. 환견은 3년생 Whippet 종 암컷으로서 자동차사고로 인해 좌측견갑골의 복합골절 및 전위가 일어나 입원하였다. 입원한 직후 실시한 전신검사에서 좀진드기에 의한 피부염은 관찰되지 않았다. 환견은 두 차례에 걸친 골절부위의 골접합수술을 받았으며 입원한 두 달 동안 매일 항생제와 prednisolone요법을 받았다. 입원한지 두 달 후 좌측견갑골 부위의 피부에 소양성 피부염이 발생하였으며 특히 등 및 목부위에 다량의 인설이 관찰되었다. 약 2-5 mm 정도 두께의 인설층이 목 및 등의 피모 기저부에 형성되어 있었으며 인설과 피부소파 내용물을 검경한 결과. 기생 좀진드기 두부의 palpi 끝에 존재하는 뚜렷한 한쌍의 후크와 genu I에 존재하는 심장모양의 감각기관을 특징으로 하는 Cheyletiella yasguri의 중감염이 확인되었다. 자견에서 주로 관찰되는 것으로 보고된 임상증세의 발현이 3년생의 성견에서 관찰된 이유로는 두 달간의 집중적인 항염증제의 투여로 인한 면역억압의 결과라 생각되었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.146-149
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• 2007

선천성 상위 견갑골은 주로 편측성으로 발생하는 선천성 질환으로 견갑골이 정상적인 위치보다 위에 위치하고 하각은 내측으로 상각은 외측으로 회전되는 변형이 발생한다. 저자들은 3-7세인 수술 적기가 이미 지난 상태였으며 수술적 치료를 시행한 1예를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 7세 남자로 좌측 견갑-흉곽 운동의 제한을 주소로 내원하였으며 견갑 척추 골 유합과 견갑주위 근육의 발육부전도 동반되어있었고 수술적 교정 후 운동범위 증가와 미용의 개선이 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

The aim of this study to investigate the effects of craniocervical flexion on muscle activities of scapular upward rotators during push-up plus exercise in subjects with winging scapula. Eighteen males with scapular winging were recruited, and each subject performed knee push-up plus and other exercises, in two conditions (craniocervical flexion vs. natural head positions). A surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), and lower trapezius (LT) muscle activity. A paired t-test was used to determine the statistical significance between the different condition with/without applying of craniocervical flexion. UT EMG activity significantly decreased and SA EMG activity significantly increased during knee push-up plus involving the craniocervical flexion compared to the natural head position. However, no significant differences (p>.05) were found in the activity of the LT muscle. The UT/SA ratios with and without craniocervical flexion showed a significant difference (p<.05). These results showed that the knee push-up plus other exercises performed with craniocervical flexion could strengthen the serratus anterior muscle and minimize the activity of the UT muscle.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of between modified mulligan technique and modified mulligan technique with taping on the active range of motion & passive range of motion, scapula index into the stroke patients. Methods: The subjects with stroke were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=9) was conducted modified mulligan technique and Group 2 (n=9) was conducted modified mulligan technique with taping week three times for 4weeks. Active range of motion (AROM), passive range of motion (PROM) and scapula index (SI) were measured by goniometer and tape measure. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare differences before and after intervention. Mann-Whitney U-test were conducted to compare before to after intervention in the two groups. Results: AROM was significantly different both groups (p<.05) and between groups were not significantly different into pre and post intervention (p>.05). PROM was significantly different both groups (p<.05) however, between groups were not significantly different into pre and post intervention (p>.05). SI was significantly different only group 2 and between groups were not significantly different (p>.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated effective bo-th modified mulligan technique and modified mulligan technique with taping on the active range of motion and passive range of motion. Because only modified mulligan technique with taping are effective on the scapula index we recommend modified mulligan technique with taping than modified mulligan technique.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.395-398
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• 2007

Purpose: Elastofibroma is a rare benign tumor that is characterized histologically by the presence of abnormal elastic fibers within a stroma of fibroadipose tissue. Usually it is slow-growing, solid, ill-defined mass occurring chiefly in elderly woman and arising from the soft tissue around the inferior angle of the scapula. Methods: We experienced a representative case of elastofibroma. A 73-year-old women complained of a soft-tissue mass, which measured $6{\times}6cm$, at the inferior angle of the left scapula, which had been found incidentally 4 months before. When the arm was elevated, the mass projected out beneath the scapula. The entire mass was resected with a tumor-free margin. Results: The resected tumor appeared to be nonencapsulated, fibrous and white mass, and it contained yellow fatty streaks. We confirmed that the histopathologic diagnosis of this tumor was elastofibroma. Follow-up examination revealed no evidence of local recurrence for 10 months. Conclusion: This entity is rarely reported in Korea. However, more patients could be diagnosed if physicians pay more careful attention to clinical and radiological features of elastofibroma. Moreover, recognizing the benign nature of this lesion is important to avoid an unnecessary operation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2005

Purpose: To Analyze the exit site of pin inserted at the anterior glenoid rim in the reconstruction of the Bankart lesion and SLAP lesion using transglenoid suture technique. Materials and Methods: In the twenty adult right cadeveric scapula, insertions of pin were performed using guide at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock of glenoid rim. We measured the exit site of dorsal surface of the scapula by medial distance from sagittal plane of lateral border of scapular spine and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine. Results: When the pin was inserted caudally within 10 degree, at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock, the medial distance from lateral border of the scapula is averaged 29.4, 19.2, 34.0 mm respectively and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine is averaged 15.0, 18.6, 17.2 mm respectively. When the pin was inserted caudally within 20-30 degree, the medial distance is averaged 14.6, 14.2, 15.8 mm respectively and the vertical distance is averaged 31.6, 31.9, 32.1 mm respectively. Conclusion: When the pin was inserted caudally within ten degrees using the guide, the pin exit appeared at the more medial side of the base of scapular spine and the more inferior of scapular spine. This can make the firm suture tied over scapular spine during repair SLAP and the Bankart lesion, and also prevent the injury of suprascapular nerve.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2007

Anatomy: The rotator cuff comprises four muscles-the subscapularis, the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus and the teres minor-and their musculotendinous attachments. The subscapularis muscle is innervated by the subscapular nerve and originates on the scapula. It inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus are both innervated by the suprascapular nerve, originate in the scapula and insert on the greater tuberosity. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve, originates on the scapula and inserts on the greater tuberosity. The subacromial space lies underneath the acromion, the coracoid process, the acromioclavicular joint and the coracoacromial ligament. A bursa in the subacromial space provides lubrication for the rotator cuff. Etiology: The space between the undersurface of the acromion and the superior aspect of the humeral head is called the impingement interval. This space is normally narrow and is maximally narrow when the arm is abducted. Any condition that further narrows this space can cause impingement. Impingement can result from extrinsic compression or from loss of competency of the rotator cuff. Syndrome: Neer divided impingement syndrome into three stages. Stage I involves edema and/or hemorrhage. This stage generally occurs in patients less than 25 years of age and is frequently associated with an overuse injury. Generally, at this stage the syndrome is reversible. Stage II is more advanced and tends to occur in patients 25 to 40 years of age. The pathologic changes that are now evident show fibrosis as well as irreversible tendon changes. Stage III generally occurs in patients over 50 years of age and frequently involves a tendon rupture or tear. Stage III is largely a process of attrition and the culmination of fibrosis and tendinosis that have been present for many years. Treatment: In patients with stage I impingement, conservative treatment is often sufficient. Conservative treatment involves resting and stopping the offending activity. It may also involve prolonged physical therapy. Sport and job modifications may be beneficial. Nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) and ice treatments can relieve pain. Ice packs applied for 20 minutes three times a day may help. A sling is never used, because adhesive capsulitis can result from immobilization.