• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Marital Satisfaction Scale(M.S.S) is properly applicable to Korean couples and further to be devoted to the designed of a marital satisfaction scale for Korea. The scale employed in this study was a Korean adaptation of the M.S.S., which originally included 73 items but was reduced to 48 through a study of its validity by Bowden. This scale was administered to 420 couples. One kindergarten, two elementary schools, one middle school, and four high schools, all of them located in Seoul or its satellite cities were selected for the present study. The results of the study were as follows. 1) Through item analysis, 85.4% of the total items showed a high index of discrimination, i.e, of more than +.40, which all was significant discrimination (P<0.001) excluding two items. 2)Factor analysis, which was oriented toward combining factors proper to theory, showed that the M.S.S. consisted of 6 factors and its total variance was 50.18%. The 6 factors were marital satisfaction (factor 1), marital social psychological companionship (factor 2), obstacles to marriage (factor 3), dissatisfaction of marital relationship (factor 4), attitude of the reasonable marital relationship (factor 5), and cognition of married life (factor 6), 3) internal consistency reliability of the M.S.S. was 0.951 and the reliability of the total items after excluding two through item analysis 0.956 and 0.949 respectively, which showed a high internal consistency 4) The marital satisfaction examined by the M.S.S showed significant differences according to sex, education , income, the duration of marriage, the number of children but no significant differences according to age, and family type. From these results, it will be concluded that the M.S.S is a reliable and valid psychological scale for examining marital satisfaction of Korean couples. The limitations of this study were as follows. 1) It can not be generalized to all Korean couples because the subjects was sampled from Seoul or satellite cities. 2)The factor analysis in this study was oriented toward combining factors proper to theory. However, it was very difficult to find out the factors because the components of the M.S.S. was more or less abstract. Thus, from these results some suggestions follow for developing the marital satisfaction scale proper to Korean couples systematically and scientifically. 1) The subjects must be sampled form urban as well as rural areas 2)Factor analysis in this study is oriented toward finding out factors of the M.S.S. Thus, it is needed to analyze the factor validity or construct validity by multitrait - multimethod of the scale with more theoretical conceptualization. 3) It is necessary to examine whether marital satisfaction shows difference according to couples and psychological variables besides objective demographic variables. 4) More research is needed before the M.S.S. con be adapted into a turely useful marital satisfaction scale for Korea.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2021

The problem of predicting a ship's form factor and associated scale effects has been subject to many investigations in recent years. In this study, an attempt is made to investigate whether the form factor is influenced by a change in the ship's speed by numerically modelling a geosim series of the KCS hull form by means of a RANS solver. The turbulence dependence of the problem is also studied by altering the closure model among three widely used approaches (the k-𝜔, k-𝜔 SST, and k-𝜀 models). The results show that at very low speeds (Froude numbers in the range of 0.02-0.06) the numerical model predicts changes in the form factor of a ship between 10% and 20%, depending on the turbulence model and scale factor choices. As the speed is increased further, the form factor exhibits little change, usually in the range of 1% or less. Simulations where the Reynolds number is changed by approximately two orders of magnitude, achieved by altering the value of viscosity, confirmed that the form factor can be considered Froude-dependent only for low speeds, predicting essentially identical values when high speed cases are considered.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.333-349
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• 2023

Recently, AI has become a crucial tool in mathematics education due to advances in machine learning and deep learning. Considering the importance of AI, examining teachers' beliefs about AI in mathematics education (AIME) is crucial, as these beliefs affect their instruction and student learning experiences. The present study developed a scale to measure preservice teachers' (PST) beliefs about AIME through factor analysis and rigorous reliability and validity analyses. The study analyzed 202 PST's data and developed a scale comprising three factors and 11 items. The first factor gauges PSTs' beliefs regarding their roles in using AI for mathematics education (4 items), the second factor assesses PSTs' beliefs about using AI for mathematics teaching (3 items), and the third factor explores PSTs' beliefs about AI for mathematics learning (4 items). Moreover, the outcomes of confirmatory factor analysis affirm that the three-factor model outperforms other models (a one-factor or a two-factor model). These findings are in line with previous scales examining mathematics teacher beliefs, reinforcing the notion that such beliefs are multifaceted and developed through diverse experiences. Descriptive analysis reveals that overall PSTs exhibit positive beliefs about AIME. However, they show relatively lower levels of beliefs about their roles in using AI for mathematics education. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.233-255
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop math anxiety scale for middle school students for planning and implementing math anxiety treatment programs. In this study, we describe the process of developing and validating math anxiety scale for middle school students and detailing exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to verify construct validity. As a result of the study, we developed the Math Anxiety Scale for Middle School Students (MASS-M) of 30 items with four factors: mathematical curriculum content, mathematical attitude, mathematical test, and environment. As a math anxiety factor for middle school students, MASS-M was developed, which includes mathematical anxiety factors such as mathematical test factor and environmental factor, especially mathematical curriculum content factor describing mathematical treatment, and mathematical attitude factor describing psychological treatment. MASS-M, derived from this study, is a standardized scale for measuring math anxiety in middle school students and is expected to serve as the basis for maintaining consistency in research on math anxiety in middle school students and developing programs to treat math anxiety in middle school students.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.239-263
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• 2013

This research was carried out in order to develop and validate the Korean Version of Working Relationship Scale for Mentally Disabled Persons, which measures the working relationship between a mentally disabled person and his or her case manager. The first step taken to develop this scale was to construct sample items for the Working Relationship Scale using literature research and three focus group interviews of mentally disabled persons who use local mental health services. Secondly, mentally disabled people were surveyed with these sample items and two professors from the department of social work who specialize in mental health social work and two licensed mental health social workers working in the community mental health field reviewed these sample items to select and compile a final version of the scale. Lastly, the scale's reliability and validity was verified through an empirical study of 569 mentally disabled persons who surveyed the final selection of items. An explanatory factor analysis showed that the sample items can be grouped into three factors. Factor 1 is 'Professional Contribution Factor,' which is related to the professional practice of the case manager; Factor 2 is 'Negative Working Relationship Factor'; and Factor 3 is 'Emotional Bond Factor,' which measures the intimacy between the case manager and the mentally disabled person. A confirmatory analysis of the three-factor format that was discovered in the explanatory factor analysis was carried out with the rest of the randomly divided data, which showed that the model demonstrated a goodness-of-fit. The convergence validity between similar concepts appeared to be appropriate as well. Based on these results, the Korean Version of Working Relationship Scale for Mentally Disabled Persons consisting of a final 33 items is developed and proposed and its implications in social work are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.273-296
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• 2007

In this Study, to reconstruct the disability identity scale(Lee and Shin, 2006)), Rasch rating scale model was applied to the four sub-dimensions of the Disability Identity Scale in a sample of spinal cord injuries(N=397). The Disability Identity Scale was verified by explorative factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. However, factor analytic procedures can't evaluate item-fit indices, item difficulty, and appropriate scale category. A number of limitations posed by confirmatory factor analytic procedures can be averted with the use of Rasch rating scale model which is in the item response theory(IRT). So in this study, Rasch model was applied to the Disability Identity Scale. Results revealed that (A) 20 items were selected from Rasch model, (B) the difficulty level of the Disability Identity Scale was the average level, (C) 4-point rating scale was appropriate for the Disability Identity Scale. Finally, we could suggest that the sub-dimensions concepts of the disability identity became clearer and items were to the good fitting.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2007

When doing a blasting demolition on RC structures made of scale models, scale model members considering both a proper scale factor and mechanical characteristics of materials have to be similar to prototype RC members to analyze the collapse behavior of RC structures. In this study. a similitude law considering the density of prototype materials is calculated. Both mix of concrete and arrangement of reinforcement have been described referring to Concrete Standard Specification as well as Design Standard of Concrete Structure. The scale factor on scaled concrete models considering maximum size of coarse aggregate is about one-fifth of a cross section of prototype concrete members. A scale factor on staled steel bar models is about one-fifth of a nominal diameter of prototype steel bar. According to the mechanical test results of scale models, it can be concluded that the modified similitude law may be similar to compressive strength of prototype concrete and yield strength of prototype steel bar.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2018

For ionospheric correction of low earth orbiter (LEO) satellites using single frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver, ionospheric scale factor should be applied to the ground-based ionosphere model. The ionospheric scale factor can be calculated by using a NeQuick model, which provides a three-dimensional ionospheric distribution. In this study, the ionospheric scale factor is calculated by using NeQuick G model during 2015, and it is compared with the scale factor computed from the combination of LEO satellite measurements and international GNSS service (IGS) global ionosphere map (GIM). The accuracy of the ionospheric delay calculated by the NeQuick G model and IGS GIM with NeQuick G scale factor is analyzed. In addition, ionospheric delay errors calculated by the NeQuick G model and IGS GIM with the NeQuick G scale factor are compared. The ionospheric delay error variations along to latitude and solar activity are also analyzed. The mean ionospheric scale factor from the NeQuick G model is 0.269 in 2015. The ionospheric delay error of IGS GIM with NeQuick G scale factor is 23.7% less than that of NeQuick G model.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.549-566
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• 2009

This study developed the Place Attachment to Childhood Home Scale and evaluated its validity and reliability. Samples consisted of 418 college students of four universities. Data were collected by questionnaire based on retrospective questions about the childhood home. Factor analysis resulted in 5 dimensions of place attachment : affection, place identity, place rootedness, playfulness, and place dependence. Especially, playfulness was a unique finding. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure. There were also significant correlations among sub-factors. The reliability of the scale appeared high (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .948). Criterion-related validity was confirmed by significant correlations of the present scale with Attachment Scale to Place (Hess, 1997) and the Inventory of Parent Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study is to develop and validate the scale measuring consumer empathic response to advertising drama. Through a series of consumer surveys and factor analyses, the Consumer Empathic Response to Advertising Scale (the CERA scale) containing 11-Likert format items was developed. The CERA scale consists of three factors which are empathic understanding, identification, and vicarious emotional response. The CERA scale improves the content validity of the existing consumer empathy scales by including identification factor which has been ignored.