• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2024

Presence of hazardous dyes in water cause considerable risks to the human health and environment due to their potential toxicity and ecological disruptions. Therefore, in the present research, to suggest an alternative method for the retention of toxic Azocarmine G (ACG) dye from aqueous media, natural and H₂SO₄-modified acacia sawdust were performed for the first time as low-cost and efficient adsorbents. Based on batch experiments, it was determined that the best conditions for the developed dye retention process were an initial pH of 2.0 and an equilibrium time of 240 min. Analysis of the data using both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models showed that the retention of ACG onto the adsorbents predominantly occurred through chemical adsorption. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were employed to provide insights into the interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent and the mechanism of the adsorption process. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of natural and H₂SO₄-modified acacia sawdust were determined as 28.01 and 64.90 mg g^-1, respectively by Langmuir isotherm model. Results of the study clearly indicated that the modification of acacia sawdust with H₂SO₄ leads to a substantial increase in the adsorption performance of anionic dyes.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2011

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is usually cultivated on the oak log. Log cultivation of this mushroom is getting difficult to get oak logs and has a weak point of its long cultivation period. Recently sawdust cultivation is getting increase. It is important to make mycelia browning on the substrate surface. This browned surface in sawdust cultivation plays an important role like as artificial bark of the oak log, which protects the other pests and suppresses water evaporation in the substrate. The period for mycelia browning is so long that the sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom can not spread well into the mushroom farms. The development of methods for the rapid mycelia browning is quite required. In this article we would like to find cultural characteristics of collected strains and to see the correlation with mycelial browning. Mycelial growth in the media was different according to kinds of media and strains. The optimal temperature on mycelial growth was $20-25^{\circ}C$. Browning patterns of mycelium under 200 Lux seemed to be used for a key to differentiate the strains for sawdust cultivation. Browning period was 30-40 days in the agar media and 70-100 days in the sawdust bag cultivation. When we considered the productivity and the other characteristics, ASI 3046 is the best for the bag cultivation. Significance between mycelial growth and browning was not accepted, but that of mycelial growth between on PDA and sawdust was accepted. Browning period on the PDA and sawdust showed a strong relationships. These results suggested that the browning habits could not be depend on the difference of media, but on their own properties. To select the strain showed fast browning can be done by using agar media for saving time.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.338-342
• /
• 1994

Amino acids of Pleurotus ostreatus in various cultural media(rice straw, sawdust and cotton waste) were analyzed to recognize the compositional differences depending on pileus size and portions(pileus and stipe) Total amino acids of rice straw were a little less than that of sawdust and cotton waste. Seventeen amino acids were identified and quantified. Among the amino acids glutamic acid was higest and cystine was lowest. The amino acid contents depending on the pileus size was higest in $3{\sim}7\;cm$ of rice straw, under 3 cm of sawdust, over 7 cm of cotton waste, respectively. The content of them was found to be higher in pileus than stipe.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.200-204
• /
• 2003

Cultural characteristics and phylogenic relationships were investigated and classified among collected strains in Pholiota spp. which contain P. adiposa, P. squarrosa, P. nameko etc. They were tested on the four different media(PDA, MCM, YM, MEA) and sawdust(Alder, Oak, Pine, Popular) substrates. There was a little variation according to the media and sawdust substrates, although PDA and popular sawdust substrate seemed to be better. Most strains showed white colonies, but some strains were brown. Mycelial growth length differed according to the strains. To classify species, the internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS) of the ribosomal DNA(rDNA) repeats from Pholiota spp. were amplified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and then sequenced. According to the analysis of ITS sequences, they were classified into five clusters. Their spacer regions were $644{\sim}700$ nucleotides in length. The reciprocal homologies of each ITS region among these strains were ranged from $49.6{\sim}99.9%$. The phylogenic analysis might give a criterion to classify species in the collected strains.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.145-148
• /
• 2013

Studies were made to optimize the media composition and cultural condition for mycelial growth of ear mushroom(Auricularia auricula). Sawdust spawn of media composition for optimal growth were found to be quercus sawdust combination of 20% rice bran and poplar sawdust combination of 10% wheat bran were the best of the optimal combination. The optimal condition of the most suitable inoculation amount showed that quercus spawn and poplar spawn were 15g, 25g, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 2013

We investigated the cultivation characteristics of Neolentinus lepideus (21 strains derived from Korea and Japan) on Pinus densiflora sawdust medium as follows; period of mycelial growth, fruiting period, productivity of fruit body and color and morphology of fruit body. The periods for mycelial growth and fruiting on the sawdust medium of N. lepideus were 40~65 days and 6~22 days, respectively. It was produced approximately 48.3 g of fresh weight and 9 fruit-bodies per 600 g of sawdust medium. The productivity of fruit body was reduced by scratching off the surface of sawdust medium. We suggest that three strains (KFRI 1199, 1302, 1331) might be good candidates for sawdust cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2000

For artificial cultivation of Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat we have conducted a study on cultural characteristics and condition of fruitbody formation. The optimum temperature was about $30^{\circ}C$ at pH $6.0{\sim}7.0$ for mycelial growth. Optimum sawdust media were oak sawdust+willow sawdust(5:5, V/V), oak sawdust+willow sawdust+rice bran (4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and oak sawdust+pine sawdust+rice bran(4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and, the spawn incubation period was about $25{\sim}26$ days. Mycelial growth in the inner portion of oak log was 200 mm after 60 days and duration for the first fruitbody primordia were formed about 90 days after inoculation.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2021

This study was performed to find a medium material that can replace Douglas fir sawdust and rice bran in spawn media for growing spawn directly in the oyster mushroom farm. The pH range, total nitrogen source, and total carbon source of the mixed spawn medium were 5.3~5.9, 0.65~1.11%, and 47.0~49.1%, respectively. The C/N ratio was high in the mixed medium of poplar sawdust, with a low total nitrogen content. The protein content was high in the medium containing fermented Douglas fir sawdust. The mycelium growth rate was higher in the medium containing wheat bran than that in the medium containing rice bran. The highest yield per bottle was observed with poplar sawdust, oak sawdust, and rice bran mixed at a ratio of 40:40:20 (v/v/v); however, there was no significant difference observed in terms of productivity with the other treatments. Thus, when growing sawdust spawns in farms, it is efficient to use poplar sawdust, oak sawdust, and wheat bran, which are also easily available, instead of Douglas fir sawdust and rice bran.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2014

The effectiveness of three kinds of enzymes (chitinase, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, and lysing enzyme complex), employed as elicitors to enhance the ${\beta}$-glucan content in the sawdust-based cultivation of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia), was examined. The elicitors were applied to the cauliflower mushroom after primordium formation, by spraying the enzyme solutions at three different levels on the sawdust-based medium. Mycelial growth was fully accomplished by the treatments, but the metabolic process during the growth of fruiting bodies was affected. The application of a lysing enzyme resulted in an increase in the ${\beta}$-glucan concentration by up to 31% compared to that of the control. However, the treatment resulted in a decrease in mushroom yield, which necessitated the need to evaluate its economic efficiency. Although we still need to develop a more efficient way for using elicitors to enhance functional metabolites in mushroom cultivation, the results indicate that the elicitation technique can be applied in the cultivation of medicinal/edible mushrooms.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.25 no.4 s.83
• /
• pp.268-275
• /
• 1997

High prices of raw materials used as media for the mushroom cultivation increased the cost of commercial production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). In this study, garlic peels (Allium sativum f. pekinese) as an agricultural by-product were investigated to replace the saw dust for the bottle cultivation of oyster mushroom. Mycelial growth of oyster mushroom were examined by the extracts made from the sawdust, rice bran and garlic peels. The mycelial growth was very poor in the agar media containing the extracts of sawdust or garlic peels, but was good when those of the rice bran were added. In the polypropylene bottle experiment, the sawdust medium which ammended with minerals vitamin was essential for the production of the mushroom fruitbodies. The rice bran was considered to stimulate the mycelial growth, but not the development of basidiocarps. The garlic peel was not a factor to stimulate the production of mushroom fruitbodies, but a raw material ammended with the rice bran produced much amounts of mushroom. In this work, garlic peels ($10{\sim}70%$ v/v) added to the mixture of sawdust and rice bran (4 : 1, v/v) was considered to help the productions of mushroom fruitbodies. Based on the result, the replacement of expensive saw dust with inexpensive garlic peels was a good example to reduce production cost of the bottle cultivation of mushroom.