• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2002

In order to artificially increase the contents of essential oils from 4 different trees by inducing with elicitors, 5 kinds of chemical elicitors and 4 kinds of biotic elicitors were selected. Before treatment, the contents of essential oils from Japanese Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Sawara cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera), Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora), and Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) were 2.0, 1.6, 0.4, and 0.7 percent, respectively, and the maximum content of essential oils from all species were reached in July. By most of elicitors, the essential oil content was generally increased after 6 months later, but some of elicitors did not affect the content of essential oil. Finally, the appropriate inducers for artificially increasing the essential oil were respectively selected depending on each species; Schizophyllum commune Fries for Japanese Red Pine and Japanese Cypress, hydrogen peroxide for Korean Pine, and ${\beta}-pyridone$ for Sawara cypress. Especially, hydrogen peroxide and ${\beta}-pyridone$ could be wide spread inducer for all 4 species.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

The essential oil free needles, which were left after distillation of essential oil from various coniferous needles, were fermented with food waste organics in order to use as compost and roughage. Microorganisms for the fermentation were selected from domestic sources such as swine compost, bark compost, and kimchi, etc, and consisted of aerothermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes. The weight reduction ratio of food waste organics treated with the microorganisms was 90% after 30 days treatment, and the fermentation temperature was kept at approximately $45^{\circ}C$. The compost process was really slow due to chemical compounds derived from needles, and it finally took 60 days for complete compost. When 10% of needle compost was mixed with soil for radish growth, the growth indicators such as leaf length and root weight were increased compared with control, while root weight, root width, and root length were inhibited on the addition of 20% needle compost. The nutrient value and digestibility ratio of various essential oil free needles as roughage for ruminant animals were evaluated. The ratio of crude protein for essential oil free needles from Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) was 10.02%, which was higher than those of rice straw(5.48%) and corn(9.00%). The digestibility ratios of essential oil free needles from Sawara cypress(Chamaecwaris pislfera), Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis), and Japanese Red Pine(Pinus densiflora) was 53%, 34%, 34%, respectively, indicating that those essential oil free needles were considered as excellent roughage.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

This study was fulfilled to verify the durations of cambial activity and analyze the associations of degree days and precipitation with the initiation of cambial activity and intra-annual wood formation for Pinus koraiensis and Chamaecyparis pisifera planted at Mt. Worak, respectively, by monitoring of their intra-annual cambial activities. And more, the reason was also analyzed why the DBH of Chamaecyparis pisifera known as planted in the same year could be classified as two groups (CPL: ${\phi}30cm$, CPS: ${\phi}15cm$). The intra-annual cambial activity was monitored using mini-cores (${\phi}2mm$) and they were collected in 2-week interval between April and October. However, between April and May and between middle September and October expected as the initiation and cessation of the cambial activity, respectively, it was fulfilled in 1-week interval. The average number of tree rings for PK (30) was less than CPS (37) and CPL (38), whereas the average ring width of PK (4.12 mm) was wider than CPS (1.84 mm) and CPL (3.97 mm). In the comparison of ring widths between CPL and CPS, CPL was 2.13 mm wider than CPS, however, excepting CPS 1 (0.83 mm), the average ring widths of CPS 2 (2.42 mm) and CPS 3 (2.73 mm) in the last 3 years were close to the average of CPL (2.71 mm). The initiation of cambial activity for PK was between 1 and 21 April, which was 1 week earlier than CPL and CPS (excepting CPS 1) and the cessation was between 1 and 22 September. The longest growing season therefore was 157.3 days (${\pm}3.3$) and it was longer than CPL ($145.7{\pm}6.6days$) and CPS ($148.0{\pm}15.1days$). In CP groups there were wide variations for the cessation of cambial activity and also there were the meaningful linear relationship between the growing seasons and the ring widths (r = 0.69, p < 0.064). The cambial activity in PK was initiated when degree days were between 99 and 134 and in CPS (excepting PCS 1) and CPL between 134 and 200. Excepting CPS 3, the false ring was observed in all samples collected on 21 July when drought stress was high due to low precipitation from June to the beginning of July.