• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.4-18
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted, making use of the "NONG-RlM 6", a recommended variety of rice for year of 1968. Main purposes of the experiment are to explore possibilities of: a) ways and means of saving irrigation water and, b) overcoming drought at the same time so that an increased yield in rice could be resulted in. Specifically, it was tried to determine the effects of the circulation irrigation method combined with differentiated thickness of lining upon the growth and yield of rice. Some of the major findings are summarized in the following. 1) The different thicknesses show a significant relationship with the weight of 1,000 grains. In the case of 9cm-lined plot, the grain weight is 23.5 grams, the heaviest. Next in order are 3cm-lined plot, 6cm-lined plot, control plot, and wheat straw lined-plot. 2) In rice yield, it is found that there is a considerably moderate significant relationship with both the different thickness of lining and the number of irrigation, as shown in the table. 3) There is little or no difference among different plots in terms of a) physical and chemical properties of solid, b) quality of irrigation water, c) climatic conditions, and rainfalls. 4) It is found that there is a significant relationship between differences in the method of rotation irrigation and the number of ears per hill. The plot irrigated at an interval of 7 days shows 17.4 ears and the plot irrigated at an interval of 6 days, 16.3. 5) In vinyl-treated plots, it is shown that both yield and component element are greatest in the case of the plot with hole of 3$cm/m^2$. Next in order are; the plot with a hole of 2$cm/m^2$; the plot with a hole of 1$cm/m^2$. In the case of the plot with no hole, it is found that both yield and component elements are decreased as compared to the control plot. 6) The irrigation water requirement is measured for the actual irrigation days of 72 which are the number subtracted the days of rainfall of 30 from the total irrigation days of 102. It is found that the irrigation water requirement for the un control plot is 1,590 mm, as compared to 876 mm (44.9% saved) for the 9cm-lined plot, 959mm(39.7% saved) for the 6cm-lined plot, 1,010mm (36% saved) for the 3cm-lined plot, and 1,082mm (32% saved) for the wheat straw lined plot. In the case of the rotation irrigation method, it is found that the water requirement for the plot irrigated at an interval of 8 days is 538mm (65.3% saved), as compared to 617mm (61.1% saved) for the plot irrigated at an interval of 7 days, 672mm (57.7% saved) for the plot irrigated at an interval of 6 days, 746mm (53.0% saved) for the plot irrigated at an interval of 5 days, 890mm (44.0% saved) for to plot irrigated at an interval of 4 days, and 975mm (38.6% saved) for the plot irrigated at an interval of 3 days. 7) The rate of evapo-transpiration is found 2.8 around the end of the month of July, as compared to 2.6 at the begining of August, 3.4 around the end of August, and 2.6 at the begining of September. 8) It is found that the saturaton quantity of 30 mm per day is decreased to 20mm per day through the use of vinyl covering. 9) The husking rate shows 75 per cent which is considered better.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.467-505
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• 2014

I am working on a series of Korean linguistic studies targeting Ganchal(old typed letters in Korea) for many years and this study is for the typology of the [Safety Expression] as the part. For this purpose, [Safety Expression] were divided into a formal types and semantic types, targeting the Chinese Ganchal and Hangul Ganchal of modern Korean Language time(16th century-19th century). Formal types can be divided based on whether Normal position or not, whether Omission or not, whether the Sending letter or not, whether the relationship of the high and the low or not. Normal position form and completion were made the first type which reveal well the typicality of the [Safety Expression]. Original position while [Own Safety] omitted as the second type, while Original position while [Opposite Safety] omitted as the third type, Original position while [Safety Expression] omitted as the fourth type. Inversion type were made as the fifth type which is the most severe solecism in [Safety Expression]. The first type is refers to Original position type that [Opposite Safety] precede the [Own Safety] and the completion type that is full of semantic element. This type can be referred to most typical and normative in that it equipped all components of [Safety Expression]. A second type is that [Safety Expression] is composed of only the [Opposite Safety]. This type is inferior to the first type in terms of set pattern, it is never outdone when it comes to the appearance frequency. Because asking [Opposite Safety] faithfully, omitting [Own Safety] dose not greatly deviate politeness and easy to write Ganchal, it is utilized. The third type is the Original position type showing the configuration of the [Opposite Safety]+Own Safety], but [Opposite Safety] is omitted. The fourth type is a Original position type showing configuration of the [Opposite Safety+Own Safety], but [Safety Expression] is omitted. This type is divided into A ; [Safety Expression] is entirely omitted and B ; such as 'saving trouble', the conventional expression, replace [Safety Expression]. The fifth type is inversion type that shown to structure of the [Own Safety+Opposite Safety], unlike the Original position type. This type is the most severe solecism type and real example is very rare. It is because let leading [Own Safety] and ask later [Opposite Safety] for face save is offend against common decency. In addition, it can be divided into the direct type that [Opposite Safety] and [Own Safety] is directly connected and indirect type that separate into the [story]. The semantic types of [Safety Expression] can be classified based on whether Sending letter or not, fast or slow, whether intimate or not, and isolation or not. For Sending letter, [Safety Expression] consists [Opposite Safety(Climate+Inquiry after health+Mental state)+Own safety(status+Inquiry after health+Mental state)]. At [Opposite safety], [Climate] could be subdivided as [Season] information and [Climate(weather)] information. Also, [Mental state] is divided as receiver's [Family Safety Mental state] and [Individual Safety Mental state]. In [Own Safety], [Status] is divided as receiver's traditional situation; [Recent condition] and receiver's ongoing situation; [Present condition]. [Inquiry after health] is also subdivided as receiver's [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety], [Safety] is as [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety]. Likewise, [Inquiry after health] or [Safety] is usually used as pairs, in dimension of [Family] and [Individual]. This phenomenon seems to have occurred from a big family system, which is defined as taking care of one's parents or grand parents. As for the Written Reply, [Safety Expression] consists [Opposite Safety (Reception+Inquiry after health+Mental state)+Own safety(status+Inquiry after health+Mental state)], and only in [Opposite safety], a difference in semantic structure happens with Sending letter. In [Opposite Safety], [Reception] is divided as [Letter] which is Ganchal that is directly received and [Message], which is news that is received indirectly from people. [Safety] is as [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety], [Mental state] also as [Family Safety Mental state] and [Individual Safety Mental state].