• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.927-935
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• 2018

Various amounts of buckwheat powder (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) were added to emulsion-type pork sausages. The effects of buckwheat powder on the physicochemical characteristics of the emulsion type sausages, including proximate composition, cooking yield, viscosity, pH, instrumental color, texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory evaluation, were determined. Increased levels of added buckwheat powder led to higher moisture (p<0.05), ash content (p<0.05 or >0.05), and cooking yield (p<0.05). However, the protein and fat contents of the sausage samples were lower (p<0.05) with higher levels of added buckwheat powder. The instrumental color and pH values were affected by the addition of buckwheat powder, which has a pH of 6.1 and associated color coordinates of $L^*=75.0$, $a^*=1.3$, and $b^*=8.7$. Meat batter with 3% buckwheat powder was shown the highest (p<0.05) viscosity indicating great formation of emulsion. There were no significant differences in the TPA among the treated samples. The viscosity value increased with increasing cooking yield in the batter ($r^2=0.7283$) i.e. the correlation coefficient between the two measurements was very high and positive. For sensory traits except for tenderness, the highest scores (p<0.05) was detected on sausages with 3% added buckwheat powder by a panel. These results suggest that the addition of 3% buckwheat powder to emulsion-type sausages produces a more beneficial meat product, with a lower fat content, greater formation of emulsion and no adverse effects on sensory properties.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1033-1043
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• 2020

This study investigated the impacts of gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties and lipid oxidation stability of cooked sausage. Gelatin hydrolysate was prepared from pork and duck skin gelatin, through stepwise hydrolysis using collagenase and pepsin. The cooked sausages were formulated without gelatin (control) or with 1% pork skin gelatin, 1% duck skin gelatin, 1% pork skin gelatin hydrolysate, and 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate. The pH, color characteristics, protein solubility, cooking loss, and textural properties of cooked sausages were evaluated, and the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was measured weekly to determine lipid oxidation stability during 4 wk of refrigerated storage. Enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatin decreased protein content and CIE L* but increased redness and yellowness (p<0.05). When 1% gelatin or gelatin hydrolysate was incorporated in cooked sausage, however, little to no impacts on pH value, moisture content, protein content, color characteristics, protein solubility, and cooking loss were found (p>0.05). The addition of 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate increased the cohesiveness and chewiness of cooked sausages. The inclusion of 1% duck skin gelatin accelerated lipid oxidation of cooked sausages during refrigerated storage (p<0.05), whereas duck skin gelatin hydrolysate caused a lower TBARS value in cooked sausage compared to duck skin gelatin. The results show comparable effects of gelatin and gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties of cooked sausages; however, the oxidative stability of raw materials for gelatin extraction should be evaluated clearly in further studies.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2020

Quality characteristics of chicken emulsion sausage manufactured with various levels of NaCl and 9 times heated bamboo salt (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2% respectively) were examined. The pH value of chicken emulsion sausage was increase tendency with increasing amount of bamboo salt, on the contrary in case of NaCl sample were decrease tendency with increasing amount of NaCl. Both before and after heating, redness of chicken emulsion sausage with bamboo salt treatments were upward trend with increasing amount of bamboo salt. water holding capacity (WHC) of 1.2% NaCl sample was significantly higher than 0.3%-0.9% (p < 0.05), but 0.9%, 1.2% bamboo salt samples were significantly higher than 0.3, 0.6 % (p < 0.05). Water loss of 1.2% NaCl and 0.9% bamboo salt samples were significantly lower than other treatment (p < 0.05). Protein solubility values significantly increased amount of bamboo salt and NaCl (p < 0.05), and samples of 0.9% NaCl and 0.6% bamboo salt values show similar values. Cooking yield of samples were increased tendency with increasing amount of NaCl and bamboo salt. Also viscosity values of sample containing 1.2% bamboo salt sample showed higher viscosity than other treatments. These results show that containing 1.2% NaCl chicken emulsion sausage and 0.9% bamboo salt chicken emulsion sausage were similar physicochemical properties. Therefore, bamboo salt is suitable for manufacturing chicken emulsion sausage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.832-836
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• 1994

가열온도를 $58^{\circ}C\;및\;65^{\circ}C$로 하고 가각 가열시간을 달리하여 제조한 돈육소시지의 몇가지 특성을 검토하였다. 소시지의 표면색도는 $58^{\circ}C$로 가열하였을 때에 l(명도), a(적색도) 및 b(황색도)값이 각각 64.60~65.26, 9.14~9.94 및 8.68~9.34이었고 $65^{\circ}C$ 가열의 경우는 각각 65.16~66.68, 8.78~9.62 및 7.66~8.36이었다. 그리고 gel강도는 $58^{\circ}C$에서 120분 이상 가열, $65^{\circ}C$에서 40분 간의 가열이 높앗으며, $NO_2$의 잔존량은 $58^{\circ}C가\;65^{\circ}C$의 가열 보다 더 높았고 가열시간이 길어지면서 감소하는 경향이었다. 총균수는 $58^{\circ}C$의 가열이 더 많았으며 전제적으로 $8.7{\times}10^{2}~3.5{\times}10^{3}$이었다. 유리아미노산 함량은 $58^{\circ}C와\;65^{\circ}C$ 가열 사이에 현저한 차이는 없었고 Asp, Glu 및 Lys가 많이, Cys, Met 및 Tyr 등이 적게 함유되어 있었다. 관능검사 결과 역시 가열온도와 시간에 따른 차이가 없었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.460-468
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• 2011

기계발골 계육의 첨가 수준(0, 10, 20, 30 혹은 50%)을 달리하여 제조한 계육 소시지의 품질 및 저장특성을 살펴 보았다. MDCM의 첨가는 계육 소시지의 일반성분 분석에서는 단백질 함량은 감소시켰고, 회분 함량은 유의적으로 증가시켰다. MDCM의 첨가는 계육 소시지의 pH, 보수력 및 전단력에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 가열감량을 증가 시켰다. 육색에서 MDCM의 첨가는 명도와 황색도는 감소시킨 반면에 적색도는 증가시켰다. 조직검사에서 MDCM의 첨가는 경도와 응집성을 감소시켰으나, 탄력성에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 관능검사에서 MDCM의 첨가는 다즙성과 경도를 감소시켰으나, 풍미와 씹힘성은 증가시켰다. 계육 소시지의 아질산이온 수준은 모든 처리구에서 4ppm 이하의 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 계육 소시지의 10일간 냉장저장 중에 MDCM의 첨가는 총미생물수와 TBA에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았고, VBN 수치는 다소 증가시키는 경향을 보였으나, 모두 가식 범위의 범주에 들었다. SEM 사진을 이용한 미세조직 검사에서 MDCM의 첨가는 안정된 유화물의 단백질 조직을 이루었으나, 20% 이상의 첨가 수준에서는 단백질 조직의 형성이 다소 엉성하게 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 MDCM의 20% 첨가는 계육 소시지의 품질 및 저장특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 육색이나 관능특성을 향상시키는 것으로 사료되었다

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the $a^*$ values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2017

본 연구는 메밀가루의 첨가 수준에 따른 닭고기 소시지의 이화학적 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 시행하였다. 닭 가슴살 소시지에 첨가되는 메밀가루의 양이 증가할수록 보수력이 향상되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 메밀가루 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 수분함량 증가 및 가열감량 감소가 관찰되었으며, 유화 안정성은 메밀가루의 첨가량 증가함에 따라 수분손실량의 유의적으로 감소하였다. 메밀소시지의 경도와 점도는 메밀가루의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 점도는 유화물의 안정성에 영향을 준 것으로 사료된다. 메밀가루의 소시지에 대한 첨가는 색이나 pH에는 영향을 주지 않지만, 가열감량, 유화 안정성, 수분함량, 경도, 점도의 품질을 향상시키므로 천연물질 유래 첨가물로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.737-743
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• 2016

The effects of black rice powder on the quality of sausage were investigated. Samples were prepared with 0% (control), 1%, 3%, and 5% black rice powder. With increasing black rice powder content, the moisture and ash content of sausage increased, while protein con-tent was significantly less than that observed for the control (p<0.05). The fat content in samples containing 5% black rice powder was significantly less than that observed for other samples (p<0.05). With increasing black rice powder content, the pH of uncooked and cooked samples increased. In addition, lightness, redness, and yellowness decreased. With increasing content of black rice powder, emulsion stability decreased. On the other hand, with increasing black rice powder content, cooking yield increased. As compared to the other samples, those containing high content of black rice powder exhibited higher viscosity. With increasing black rice powder content, the hardness of samples decreased, while the gumminess and chewiness of samples containing black rice powder were less than those observed for the control (p<0.05). Moreover, with increasing black rice powder content, the flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability of samples increased. In addition, the tenderness of samples containing 3% and 5% black rice powder was significantly greater than that observed for the control and sample containing 1% black rice powder (p<0.05). In addition to the economic benefits, black rice powder can be used to improve quality characteristics.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of gamma-irradiated Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagi radix) (Lour.) Merr. Extract (ARE) and its inhibition effect on food lipid oxidation using emulsion-type pork sausage as a model. ARE was prepared from dried Asparagi radix root and ARE solution (1.0 g/mL) was gamma-irradiated with designated doses at 5, 10, and 20 kGy. Antioxidant activity of ARE solution was determined by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-e-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-9-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. Activities of DPPH and ABTS radicals were decreased, whereas total phenolic contents increased after gamma irradiation with a dose dependence. Addition of gamma-irradiated ARE dose-dependently retarded lipid oxidation of emulsion-type pork sausage during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. These results indicated that gamma-irradiated ARE might have antioxidant activity more than non-irradiated ARE due to increase of the content of polyphenolic compounds by ionizing radiation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2014

유화형 소시지 제조 시에 산란 노계육의 첨가량(0, 10, 20, 30%)을 다르게 하여 제조한 소시지를 냉장온도($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)에서 7일간 저장한 후, 소시지의 일반성분, pH, TBARS, WHC, 전단력, 가열 감량, 총 미생물수, 육색 및 관능평가를 실시하였다. 시험구는 산란 노계육을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 산란 노계육을 10% 첨가한 T1, 산란 노계육을 20% 첨가한 T2, 산란 노계육을 30% 첨가한 T3 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 7일간 저장한 후 실험하였다. 일반성분 중 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분 함량은 산란 노계육이 첨가된 소시지에서 유의성이 없으며, 조지방 함량은 산란 노계육의 첨가구에서 특히 T3에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<005). 소시지의 이화학적 특성을 나타내는 pH, TBARS 및 총 미생물수는 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없으며, 보수성은 산란 노계육의 첨가구에서 증가하였고, 산란 노계육의 첨가량에 의한 차이는 없었다. 가열 감량은 대조구와 T1, T2 보다 T3에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 산란 노계육이 첨가된 유화형 소시지의 육색은 명도와 황색도에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 적색도는 산란 노계육의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 훈련된 관능검사요원에 의한 관능검사 결과, 다즙성과 기호성에는 유의성이 없었다. 그러나 경도는 산란 노계육의 첨가량이 많은 T3에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해 보면 유화형 소시지 제조 시 산란 노계육의 첨가는 소시지의 품질 변화 없이 첨가 가능성이 있으리라 생각된다.