• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1998

급사면에 관측정, 텐시오메타, 트렌치 등의 시설을 설치하고 포화대의 형성 과정과 중간류의 유출특성을 관측하여 분석하였다. 사면의 토양이 건조한 때에 내린 강우(총강우량 103mm)에 의해 포화대는 사면 상부 관측정부터 형성되기 시작하여 강우 종료 수 시간 후에 사면 전체에 발달하였다. 이 포화대는 포화대 형성에 필요한 것보다 적은 양의 강우에 의해 형성되었고, 포화대내의 일부 깊이의 토양 수분이 불포화 상태이었기 때문에 포화대는 침투수가 일부 토양만을 포화시켜 형성된 것으로 판단된다. 이 포화대로부터 중간류는 포화대 형성 초기에 0∼40cm 깊이의 토양층을 통해 유출될 뿐 40∼80cm 깊이의 토양층을 통한 유출은 거의 없었다. 사면에 형성된 기존의 포화대의 수위는 강우에 빠르게 반응하며 중간류는 수위상승과 동시에 대부분 40∼80cm 깊이의 토양층을 통해 유출되기 시작하였다. 포화대의 최대 수위가 유사한 4개 강우의 40∼80cm 깊이의 토양층을 통한 중간류 유출률은 선행 강우량과 관계가 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2003

A crack in a ferroelectric ceramic subjected to an electric field is analyzed. The boundary of the electrical saturation zone is estimated based on the finite-width saturation zone model, which is analogous to a finite-width Dugdale zone model for mode III. It is shown that the shape and size of the switching zone depends strongly on the boundary of the electrical saturation zone and the ratio of the coercive electric field to the yield electric field. The crack tip stress intensity factor under small scale conditions is evaluated by employing the model of electric nonlinear domain switching. It is found that fracture toughness of the ferroelectric material may be increased or decreased depending on the material property of electrical nonlinearity.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2004

This study is focused on the comparison between the internal saturation temperature of the working fluid and the surface temperature of adiabatic zone of two-phase closed thermosyphons with various helical grooves. Distilled water, methanol and ethanol have been used as the working fluid. In the present work, a copper tube of the length of 1200mm and 14.28mm of inside diameter is used as the container of the thermosyphon. Each of the evaporator and the condenser section has a length of 550mm, while the remaining part of the thermosyphon tube is adiabatic section. A experimental study was carried out for analyzing the performances of having 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 helical grooves. A plain thermosyphon having the same inner and outer diameter as the grooved thermosyphons is also tested for the comparison. The results show that the numbers of grooves and the type of working fluids are very important factors for the operation of thermosyphons. A good agreement between the internal saturation temperature of working fluid and the surface temperature of adiabatic zone of two-phase closed thermosyphons with various helical grooves is obtained.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.515-524
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• 2015

최근 궤도 접속부에서의 부등침하 및 궤도틀림으로 잦은 유지보수 및 열차운영에 지장을 초래하는 경우가 많아지고 있다. 이는 주로 궤도 접속부 시공에 사용되는 다양한 성토재료의 강우나 동결융해 같은 환경적 인자에 의한 역학적 물성들의 변화에 기인한 것으로, 본 연구에서는 궤도 접속부 성토재료에 대한 함수특성곡선을 산정하고 강우 시 포화도 변화 추이를 알아보고자 침투해석을 수행 하였다. 필터페이퍼를 이용하여 다짐 성토의 함수특성곡선을 성공적으로 산정할 수 있었고, 함수특성곡선 데이터를 이용한 강우 시 침투해석을 수행한 결과 궤도 접속부 성토재료의 포화도 분포는 강우강도, 뒤채움재 경사, 성토 및 절토 여부, 그리고 함수특성곡선에 큰 영향을 받는 것을 확인 하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

본 논문은 TDR센서를 이용하여, 지반 내 지하수의 거동을 계측하고 이를 이동 평균법과 푸리에 변환을 통한 필터링 기법으로 포화 및 불포화 영역의 구분 및 변화를 수치적으로 결정하고자 하였다. 먼저 실내실험을 통하여 포화도 변화에 따른 TDR데이터의 변화를 계측하고 이를 포화도에 대한 함수로 만들었다. 다음으로 아크릴 실내모형실험을 통하여 현장의 지하수위 변화 및 측방 침투조건을 재현하고 이에 대한 TDR데이터 변화를 계측한 후 해석하여, TDR센서의 현장 적용을 위한 계측자료 교정함수를 만들었다. 이 후 현장 제방에 TDR센서를 설치하고 지하수위를 변화시켜 가며 지반의 지점별 포화도를 파악함으로써 지하수위 및 건조, 불포화영역을 결정하였다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

The paper proposes reference model error feedback control scheme for motion control system with hard non-linear components as like saturation and dead-zone in plant input part. Additionally, the plant has the system uncertainty effected by plant model parameter deviation and disturbance. The control algorithm uses the reference model to apply additional feedback loop with the error between reference model output and actual output effected by disturbance and non-linear components. And the stability evaluation based on Popov stability and controller design method are formulated to be performed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is examined by simulations. The results are proven by reasonable performances following reference model responses with good disturbance rejection performance without over-tuning of controller.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Surfactant-enhanced ozone sparging (SEOS), an advanced version of SEAS (surfactant-enhance air sparging) was introduced in this study for the first time for removal of non-volatile contaminant from aquifer. The advantages of implementing SEAS, enhanced air saturation and expanded zone of sparging influence, are combined with the oxidative potential of ozone gas. Experiments conducted in this study were tow fold; 1-dimensional column experiments for the changes in the gas saturation and contaminant removal during sparging, and 2-dimensional box model experiment for the changes in the size of zone of influence and contaminant removal. An anionic surfactant (SDBS, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) was used to control surface tension of water. Fluorescein sodium salt was used as a representative of watersoluble contaminants, for its fluorescence which is easy to detect when it disappears due to oxidative degradation. Three different gases (air, high-concentration ozone gas, and low-concentration ozone gas) were used for the sparging of 1-D column experiment, while two gases (air and low-concentration ozone gas) were used for 2-D box model experiment. When SEOS was performed for the column and box model, the air saturation and the zone of influence were improved significantly compared to air sparging without surface tension suppression, resulted in effective removal of the contaminant. Based on the experiments observations conducted in this study, SEOS was found to maintain the advantages of SEAS with further capability of oxidative degradation of non-volatile contaminants.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1993

고탄소 Dr-Ti 합금강의 회전접촉 피로마모실험에서 실험조건에 따라 다르게 변화하는 subsurface zone의 가공경와의 정도를 잔류응력의 분포로서 조사하였다. 시험전 표면잔류응력은 마모특성에 영향을 주지 못하였고, 접촉응력과 회전속도가 증가할수록 표면 잔류응력은 감소하여 갔으나 subsurface zone내의 최대압축잔류응력은 증가하였고, 그의 포화깊이는 깊었다. 이들 실험결과와 이론적 전단응력의 분포와의 관계에 관하여 검토하였다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.313-316
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• 2007

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an effectiveness tool for imaging spatial distribution of hydrogeologic parameters. An artificial groundwater recharge test has been conducted in Nagaoka City in Japan, and time-lapse crosshole GPR data were collected to monitor infiltration processes in a vadose zone. Since radiowave velocities in a vadose zone are largely controlled by variations in water content, the increase in traveltimes is interpreted as an increase in saturation in the test zone. We use a finite-difference time-domain method in two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates to simulate field results. Numerical modeling successfully reproduces the major feature of velocity changes in the filtration process.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.225-230
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• 2007

A physical model experiment with GPR and 3-D resisitivity survey were conducted to investigate the geoelectrical response of hydrocarbon-impacted zone, so called smeared zone, on the geophysical data. The results from the experiment show that GPR signals were enhanced when LNAPL was present as a residual saturation in the water saturated system (${\varepsilon}_r$ = 21) due to less attenuation of the electromagnetic energy through the medium, compared to when the medium was saturated with only water (${\varepsilon}_r$ = 21). 3-D resistivity data obtained from the former gas station site demonstrate that the highly contaminated zones could be imaged with low resistivities attributed to the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at the aged, hydrocarbon-impacted sites. The study results also show that the geophysical methods, as a non-invasive sounding technique, can be a very useful tool for mapping hydrocarbon-contaminated zones.