• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.697-711
• /
• 2004

Severe haze, mist, and fog phenomena occurred in the central part of Korea during 15~25 May 2003 resulted in poor visibility and air quality. When these phenomena occurred, Korean peninsula was under the effects of anticyclone. The atmosphere was stable, and wind speed was so weak. Under this meteorological conditions, air quality was worse and worse. The characteristics of aerosol in Seoul, Incheon, and Gosan (Jeju) during this period are investigated from the $PM_{10}$. TSP concentrations and aerosol number concentrations. Concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and TSP measured at KMA increased upto 176 and 230 J.${\mu}g/m^3$ on 22 May 2003, respectively. Aerosol number concentrations of size range from 0.82 to 6.06 ${\mu}m$ increased in Seoul on 17, 19, and 21~24 May 2003, and the concentrations of $NO_2$ and $SO_2$had maximum value of 0.165 ppm at Gwanak Mt. and 0.036 ppm at Guro-dong on 23 May 2003, respectively. Result from analysis on heavy metal elements showed high concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd during 20~24 May 2003. This event is examined by comprehensive analyses of synoptic weather conditions, satellite images, concentrations of suspended particles and air pollutants, and heavy metal elements.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.197-199
• /
• 2017

Using the InfraRed Camera (IRC) on board the infrared astronomical satellite AKARI we study the ${3.3{\mu}m}$ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature and its connection to active galactic nucleus (AGN) properties for a sample of 54 hard X-ray selected bright AGN, including both Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 type objects. The sample is selected from the 9-month Swift/BAT survey in the 14-195 keV band and all of the sources have known neutral hydrogen column densities ($N_H$). The ${3.3{\mu}m}$ PAH luminosity ($L_{3.3{\mu}m}$) is used as a proxy for star-formation (SF) activity and hard X-ray luminosity ($L_{14-195keV}$) as an indicator of the AGN power. We explore for possible difference of SF activity between type 1 (un-absorbed) and type 2 (absorbed) AGN. We use several statistical analyses taking the upper-limits of the PAH lines into account utilizing survival analysis methods. The results of our log($L_{14-195keV}$) versus log($L_{3.3{\mu}m}$) regression shows a positive correlation and the slope for the type 1/unobscured AGN is steeper than that of type 2/obscured AGN at a $3{\sigma}$ level. Also our analysis shows that the circum-nuclear SF is more enhanced in type 2/absorbed AGN than type 1/un-absorbed AGN for low $L_{14-195keV}$ luminosity/low Eddington ratio AGN, while there is no significant dependence of SF activity on the AGN type in the high $L_{14-195keV}$ luminosities/Eddington ratios.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1999

Land cover classification is an essential basic information in natural environment management; however, land cover classification studies in Korea have not yet been proceeded to a sufficient level. At the present, only a limited number of the precedent studies that only cover definite city area has been conducted. Furthermore, there is almost no research conducted on the land cover classification schemes that could accurately classify the Korea's land cover conditions. This study primarily focuses on the land cover classification scheme which carries the most urgent priority in order to classify and to map out the Korean land cover conditions. In order to develop the most suitable land cover classification scheme, many foreign land cover classification cases and projects that are being carried out were reviewed in depth. The land cover classification scheme this study proposes comprises 3 levels : The first level consists of 7 different classes; the second level consists of 22 different classes; and the third level is made up of 50 classes. The land cover classification map will serve many important roles in natural environment management, such as the conjecture of natural habitats and estimation of oxygen production or carbon dioxide absorption capability of a forest. In water pollution modelling, the land cover classification data can be used to estimate and locate non-point sources of water pollution. If applied to a watershed, modelling it will allow to estimate the total amount of pollution from non-point sources of pollution in the water shed. The land cover classification data will also be good as a barometer data that determines defusion of air pollutants in air pollution modelling.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.1767-1777
• /
• 2010

In digital TV broadcasting, such as terrestrial, cable, satellite, and IPTV, the head-end of digital TV broadcasting has a more complicated transmission structure than that of analog TV broadcasting. Furthermore, digital TV broadcasting has a feature that supports multiplex models, such as Multiple Program Transport Stream (MPTS). Therefore, the purpose of our work was to design and examine a more efficient new system of emergency alert message transmission to support the digital TV broadcasting environments. Digital TV broadcasting is the IP generation or RF transmission of 8-VSB, QAM, and QPSK modulated through a multiplexer or re-multiplexer multiplexed stream as a MPEG-2 Transport Stream after content encoding. The new system proposed in this paper transmits an emergency alert message without scrambling after replacing the PID and payload of the -packet with the message prototype in the TS stream from the multiplexer. If we need to transmit an emergency alert message under digital TV broadcasting services, then the receiver first checks the PID of each packet in the TS stream for the emergency alert message. Next, if a packet is determined to be an emergency alert message, then the set-top box displays the message on the TV screen using its function of On Screen Display, or the PC based software displays the message on the monitor screen using its function of overlay with user interface if the packet is found to be an emergency alert message. We have designed an emergency alert message protocol and a system model. By experiments and analysis of the system, we concluded that the system achieved efficiency and the ability to send and receive emergency alert messages using the system under different digital TV broadcasting service environments.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.465-472
• /
• 2015

TCAS (traffic alert and collision avoidance system)의 성능 향상을 위해서는 각종정보를 송신해주는 센서의 성능이 향상되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 성능향상을 위해 기존에 사용 중인 레이더와 같은 센서를 대신하여 차세대 항공관제시스템인 ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast)를 적용하였다. 또한 ADS-B에서 초정밀 GPS (global positioning system) 보정시스템인 SBAS (satellite based augmentation system)의 정보를 사용하여 향상된 위치정확도를 TCAS에 적용할 수 있을 것이라 가정하고 TCAS와 ADS-B를 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션을 해본 결과, 이러한 ADS-B의 도움을 받는 TCAS 장비는 사전에 항공기의 위치를 파악하여 CPA (closest ponit of approach)를 계산할 수 있고 불필요한 RA (resolution advisory) 동작을 감소시킬 수 있다는 것이 확인되었고, 또한 조종사의 업무로드 감소와 불필요한 RA동작이 줄어듦에 따른 연료소비나 시간 등에 대한 장점이 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.144-145
• /
• 2014

IoT(Internet of Things)란 인터넷을 기반으로 모든 사물을 연결해 사람과 사물, 사물과 사물 간의 정보를 소통하는 지능형 기술 및 서비스를 말한다. 선박에는 다양한 기기가 서로 독립적으로 각자 역할을 수행하고 있으나, 이를 능동적으로 서로 연동하는 것은 실제적으로 쉽지가 않은 일이다. 이를 위한 수단으로 선박내의 통신, 선박간의 통신, 선박과 육상통신간의 구성을 SAN(Ship Area Network), RFID/USN, 광대역통신, 위성통신 등 다양한 IT 기술을 활용하여, 해양환경에서의 안전한 항행을 위한 선박의 안전관리시스템 구성 방안을 논하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 선박의 다양한 안전관리시스템 분야 중에 선박내의 입 출입 인원관련 안전관리시스템 분야를 논의하고자 한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 인공위성과 지상 원격탐사 자료를 이용하여 동북아 지역에서 발생하는 황사현상의 중장거리 이동에 따른 광학적 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 동북아시아 지역의 Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET)의 선포토미터 관측 지점 중에 황사의 발원지로 Dunhuang과 Inner-Mongolia, 발원지에 근접한 풍하측 지점으로 Yulin과 Beijing, 그리고 장거리 이동 지점으로 한국의 Anmyon과 Gosan, 일본의 Noto, 이렇게 7곳을 선정하여 자료를 분석하였다. 황사의 발생 및 이동 경로를 파악하기 위하여 자외선 원격탐사 기법을 사용하는 인공위성인 Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) 관측자료를 활용하였다. 발원지에서의 단산란알베도는 440 nm에서 0.90에서 0.96 사이의 값으로 높았으나 풍하측이나 장거리 이동 지역에서는 그 값이 감소하였다. 또한, 파장에 따른 단산란알베도 값의 차이는 발원지에서는 높게 나타났으나 이동된 지역에서는 그 차이가 감소하였다. 이러한 장거리 이동에 따른 황사의 광흡수 특성의 변화는 이동 중 탄소입자와 같은 대기 오염물질과의 혼합으로부터 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2015

초임계 연소에 대한 기초연구로써 축소형 액체 로켓 엔진에서 기체산소/케로신, 기체아산화질소/에탄올 추진제 조합의 정상상태 연소의 분무를 관찰하고 비교하였다. 분무의 가시화에는 shadowgraph 기법을 사용하였으며 실험결과를 분석하기 위해 shadowgraph를 후처리하여 밀도구배강도 이미지를 사용하였다. 정상상태 연소압력이 동일한 조건에서 기체산소/케로신 추진제의 액체 제트 표면의 굴곡이 심하고 분사기 팁 근처에서 급격한 밀도구배를 보이는 것이 관찰되었다. 밀도구배강도의 평균 이미지에서 분무 중심 길이를 도출하였으며 더 낮은 운동량 플럭스 비 조건에서도 기체산소/케로신의 분무중심 길이가 더 짧은 것으로 나타났다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2013

It is important to give lightning warning prior to a cloud-to-ground (CG) discharge within an Area of Concern (AOC) because most of lightning damage and victim are usually occurred by the first lightning in the AOC. The aim of this study is to find the optimal operation conditions of the automated lightning warning systems in order to make the best use of the available data. In this paper, the test-operated results of the automated lightning alert and risk management system (ALARM) based on detections of CG discharge and eletrostatic field and optimized at probability of lightning have been described. It was possible to obtain the following warning performance parameters: probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), probability of lightning (POL) and failure-to-warn rate (FTW). The data obtained from trial operation for 5months were not sufficient but the first analysis of domestic lightning warning was carried out. We have observed that the evaluated statistical results through trial operation depend on the various factors such as analysis methods and criteria, topographical conditions, etc. Also we suggest some methods for improvement of POL and POD including the finding of the optimal electric field threshold level to be used, based on the high values of FAR and FTW found in this work.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2017

Ellipsodially referenced survey (ERS) is considered as one of the challenging issues in the hydrographic surveys due to the fact that the bathymetric data collected by this technique can be readily transformed either to the geodetic or the chart datum by application of some geoscientific models. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is a preferred technique to determine the ellipsoidal height of a vessel reference point (RP) because it provides cost-effective and unprecedentedly accurate positioning solutions. Especially, the GNSS-derived heights include heave and dynamic draft of a vessel, so as for the reduced bathymetric solutions to be potentially free from these corrections. Although over the last few decades, differential GNSS (DGNSS) has been widely adopted in the bathymetric surveys, it only provides limited accuracy of the vertical component. This technical barrier can be effectively overcome by adopting the so-called GNSS carrier phase (CPH) based techniques, enhancing accuracy of the height solution up to few centimeters. From the positioning algorithm standpoint, the CPH-based techniques are categorized under absolute and relative positioning in post-processing mode; the former is precise point positioning (PPP) correcting errors by the global or regional models, the latter is post-processed kinematic positioning (PPK) that uses the differencing technique to common error sources between two receivers. This study has focused on assessment of achievable accuracy of the ellipsoidal heights obtained from these CPH-based techniques with a view to their applications to hydrographic surveys where project area is, especially, few tens to hundreds kilometers away from the shore. Some field trials have been designed and performed so as to collect GNSS observables on static and kinematic mode. In this paper, details of these tests and processed results are presented and discussed.