• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

This study was performed to develop mutant strain using a combination of UV irradiation procedures with protoplast mutagenesis in order to achieve an effective kasugamycin production from Streptomyceskasugaensis. Whenlessthan 1.0g/lof Linoleic acid was used, the cell growth was not inhibited. On the other hand, the cell growth was greatly inhibited when more than 1.6 g/l of linoleic acid was used. Among the various mutant strains, SK-12 was obtained in medium containing 1.6g/l of linoleic acid, showing the highest rate of both cell growth and kasugamycin production. In order to compare kasugamycin production with the SK-12 and the parent strain using soybean oil, cultures were performed in a flask. The production of kasugamycin was increased with the increase time. The maximum kasugamycin concentration was 1.2g/l after 6 days of culture. The product yield from soybean oil was 0.05g/l/g consumed carbon source, which was roughly 5.0 fold higher than the parent strain. These results show that it was effective method for obtaining a mutant resistant to linoleic acid for the effective production of kasugamycin from soybean oil.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1993

APHA-MPA(American Public Health Association-Most Probable Numbers)은 환경수중에 존재하는 위생지표세균 추정에 사용되는 미국 FDA의 유일한 공인방법이기는 하나 결과를 얻기까지 많은 시간, 인력 및 경비가 소요될 뿐 아니라 일반적으로 정밀도도 낮다는 결점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여 개발된 막여과 방법중 mTEC(membrane thermotolerant E. coli)은 분변계대장균 및 E. coli의 회수율이 좋을 뿐 아니라 경비도 절약할 수 있는 방법으로서 알려져 있어, 미국 Rhode Island주의 Greenwich Bay의 위생조사를 통하여 MPN과 비교하여 보았다. 그 결과 mTEC의 분변계 대장균 및 E. coli 회수율은 MPN보다 평균치로써 각각 1.08 및 1.27배 높게 나타나, MPN의 대체 방법으로서의 가능성이 확인되었으며, 따라서 이 방법이 앞으로 위생지표세균의 검출방법으로서 공인된다면 우리나라 수출용 패류생산 지정해역의 관리는 물론 패류양식장의 위생학적인 분류도 효율적으로 할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2005

According to the results of analyzing the formation enterprise of beautiful public latrines, which Chungcheongnamdo is promoting, the conclusions of this study are as follows. The design for construction form should be suitable well for the surrounding environment according to the installation place of public latrines. Construction scales and sanitary appliances should be decided according to the location, use personnel, use frequency, and user type of latrines. It is not desirable to decide working expenses on the basis of pyeong irrespective of construction scale. In the purchase of building sites, because the building sites owned by the nation or the public bodies are difficult to apply the related laws, it is difficult to construct public latrines as eternal facilities. Because the building sites owned by individuals are very expensive, the execution of enterprises is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the administrative procedures and increase the working expenses.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.34-47
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• 2004

Although Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in Korea has been improved markedly over the past two decades, by enlarging the range of projects for assessment, instituting pub lic participation and environmental monitoring, and similar measures, it remains deficient in its coverage of human health in Environmental Impact Statements(EISs). Health Impact Assessment(HIA) can supply the necessary correctives. HIA is a combination of procedures, methods and tools by which a policy, programme, projects or legislative procedure may be judged for its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of these effects within it. The principle of health protection is, however, established as a primary concern in EIA processes, in practice health is scarcely mentioned or the discussion is limited to a description of effects through the biophysical environment. The whole range of possible effects on health, including those mediated by socio-economic factors is often ignored, and no effective mechanism are in place to successfully incorporating health criteria and expertise into environmental, assessment(EA) that include ElA, SEA. These are foremost among the current issues facing EIA in Korea.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.230-238
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• 1993

The objectives of this study were to provide the basic data for the consumer education and for the new product development by surveying housewives'demands concerning prepared frozen or refrigerated foods and by surveying industry's practices and opinions concerning new product development. 804 housewives and 14 manufacturing companies of prepared frozen or refrigerated foods were surveyed. Data from housewives were analyzed by using SPSS-X progrm in terms of $x^2$-test, one-way ANOVA, t-test. The results of study are summarized as follows : 1. Frozen dumpling, frozen meat, surimi, ham and sausage were identifed as the most frequently used food items by housewives. The mean storage period for either prepared frozen or refrigerated foods was less than 15 days. 2. Housewives with higher educational background showed the greater concerns in packing and sanitary conditions, convenience in cooking procedures and brand name of the product than their counterparts. 3. Most housewives'purchasing motive for prepared frozen or refrigerated foods was the convenience of the cooking procedures(71.1%). Among the member of family, children(72.8%) specially liked prepared frozen or refrigerated foods. 4. Housewives'demands for prepared frozen or refrigerated foods were 'price reduction'and 'nutrition fortification'. These were in accordance with the companys'opimons. 5. Most wanting new product developments from the housewives perspectives were beverages (37.7%), stir-fried menu items(36.1%), pan-fried menu items(34.0%), stewed menu items(30.3%) and soups(20.4%). In case of stew and soups, the industry did not have a plan to develop those menu items.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

This study examined microbial contamination during seasoned and dried squid Dosidicus gigas processing, including the apparatus, machines, and employee's gloves at each step in processing at two companies. The numbers of bacteria floating in air in each processing area were also examined. The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus (3.6-6.0 log CFU/g) and Escherichia coli (1.3-1.4 log MPN/100 g) in domestic and imported daruma (a semi-processed product of seasoned and dried squid) at companies A and B exceeded the regulatory limits of the Food Sanitary Law of Korea (S. aureus, ${\leq}2.0$ log CFU/g; E. coli, negative). S. aureus in both daruma was reduced to below the detection limit or 3.6 log CFU/g after the roasting step, but increased again to 3.3 and 5.5 log CFU/g after the mechanical tearing step at companies A and B, respectively. E. coli showed similar tendencies at both companies. The surfaces of the apparatus, machines, and employee's gloves that contacted daruma were also contaminated with S. aureus (1.0-5.5 log CFU/$m^2$) and E. coli (negative-to 3.5 log MPN/$m^2$). The numbers of bacteria floating in air were high (1.7-5.1 log CFU/$m^3$) at both companies. These results suggest that sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP) must be developed to control of microbial cintamination in seasoned and dried squid.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine food safety practices and procedures based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system and to suggest more effective method of HACCP implementation in meat packaging industry in Korea. We used the non-compliance rate of each evaluation item to compare the weak points of prerequisite requirements and HACCP. The prerequisite items related to facility, equipment, and tools showed inadequate level of requirements or unsanitary conditions for proper HACCP operation. A lack of understanding of sanitation standard operation procedures was identified as a fundamental barrier to HACCP implementation. High rate of non-compliance in HACCP items compared to prerequisite requirements signify that small businesses have potential difficulties of applying HACCP due to lack of technical expertise, financial resources for prerequisite requirements, and available personnel to prepare and operate HACCP plan. Also we suggest to revise and minimize current critical control points (CCPs). Time-temperature control of cold-storage rooms for carcasses and final products could be performed by control points of prerequisite requirements. As the occurrence frequency getting lower, metal detector should be replaced by intensified training of sanitary handling and safety procedure. This will be more effective and preventive measures against physical contaminants including metal particles. In conclusion, control point of prerequisite requirement may replace CCP in the plant with simple processing line and no heating process such as meat packaging industry.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.42-58
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• 1999

Packaging materials and articles that are used in food contact applications can transfer constituents in the foodstuffs. This kind of risk of possible health hazards to consumers has been generally recognized for a long time with the consequence of establishing corresponding food regulations in most developed countries. However, the language of these laws, their interpretation, and their level of enforcement vary from country to country. Accordingly, the actual migrating levels from packaging materials can be varied depending on the migration testing methods as prescribed in the national legislation in each countries. Therefore, there are needs of elimination of non-tariff trade barriers raised by sanitary and phytosanitary or technical measures under the Final Act of the UR Agreement. In this connection, the EU and USA are currently in an ongoing process of legislation harmonization to overcome potential barriers to free trade. In general, regulations governing component transfer in the USA are more complicated and comprehensive than similar regulations in Europe. In future, standard migration testing procedures for microwave heat susceptor materials and for the use of fatty food simulant should be established and also harmonized among countries. The objective of this investigation is to compare the current regulations for migration testing for plastic containers and packaging materials in USA, EU and Korea or Japan. For those regulations, Korean standards are required to be kept up with the international standards. By doing this, the related Korean regulation could be amended along with the worldwide progress for harmonization.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 터널.암반역학위원회 박사학위 논문집
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• pp.153-204
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• 1998

Prediction of lining loads due to tunnelling is one of the major issues to be addressed in the design of a tunnel. The objective of this study is to investigate rational and realistic design loads on tunnel linings. factors influencing the lining load are summarized and discussed. The instruments for measuring the lining loads are reviewed and discussed because field measurements are often necessary to verify the design methods. Tunnel construction in the City of Edmonton has been very active for storm and sanitary purposes. Since the early 1970's, the city has also been developing an underground Light Rail Transit system. The load measurements obtained from these tunnels are compared with the results from the existing design methods. However, none of the existing methods are totally satisfactory, Therefore, there is some room for improvement in the prediction of lining loads. The convergence-confinement method is reviewed and applied to a case history of a tunnel in Edmonton. The convergence curves are obtained from 2-D finite element analyses using three different material models and theoretical equations. The limitation of the convergence-confinement method is discussed by comparing these curves with the field measurements. Three-dimensional finite element analyses are performed to gain a better understanding of stress and displacement behaviour near the tunnel face. An improved design method is proposed based on the review of existing design methods and the performance of numerical analyses. A specific method or combination of two different methods is suggested for the estimation of lining loads for different conditions of tunnelling. A method to determine the stress reduction factor is described. Typical values of dimensionless load factors nD/H for tunnels in Edmonton are obtained from parametric analyses. Finally, the loads calculated using the proposed method are compared with field measurements collected from various tunnels in terms of soil types and construction methods to verify the method. The proposed method gives a reasonable approximation of the lining loads. The proposed method is recommended as an approximate guideline for the design of tunnels, but the results should be confirmed by field measurements due to the uncertainties of the ground and lining properties and the construction procedures, This is the reason that in-situ monitoring should be an integral part of the design procedure.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.301-324
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• 2011

본 연구는 1차 평가인증지표를 토대로 평가인증을 받은 어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사를 대상으로 평가인증 경험에 따라 평가인증의 운영과 제2차 평가인증 지표의 실현성에 대한 인식에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 1차 평가인증에 통과한 40인 이상 어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사 193명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 빈도분석, $X^2$ 검증, t-검정을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 보육교사의 평가인증 경험에 따른 평가인증제 운영에 대한 인식의 차이는 평가인증통과 후 사후 유지관리에 중요하다고 생각하는 사항에서만 나타났다. 인증경험이 없는 교사는 '시설장 및 보육교사의 전문성 향상을 위한 지속적인 교육'을, 인증경험이 있는 교사는 '보육교사의 의지 및 지속적 근무'를 가장 중요하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 교사의 평가인증 경험에 따른 인증지표의 실현성에 대한 인식은 보육환경 영역의 '예술활동자료', 운영관리 영역의 '보육시설의 운영방침 및 정보 안내', '원아에 대한 관리', '종사자의 근로계약', 건강과 영양 영역의 '식자재, 조리 및 배식과정의 위생적 관리', '아프거나 다친 영유아의 보호', '영유아와 종사자의 건강관리', '영유아를 위한 간식', 안전영역의 '영유아의 안전한 인계과정' 항목에서 평가인증 경험이 있는 보육교사가 경험이 없는 교사에 비해 실현성이 높다고 인식하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적으로 모든 영역에서 평가인증 참여경험이 있는 교사가 제2차 평가인증지표의 실현성을 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다.