• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.418-428
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• 2017

In offshore area, newly deposited Quaternary loose seabed soils are widely distributed. There are a great number of offshore structures has been built on them in the past, or will be built on them in the future due to the fact that there would be no very dense seabed soil foundation could be chosen at planed sites sometimes. However, loosely deposited seabed foundation would bring great risk to the service ability of offshore structures after construction. Currently, the understanding on wave-induced liquefaction mechanism in loose seabed foundation has been greatly improved; however, the recognition on the consolidation characteristics and settlement estimation of loose seabed foundation under offshore structures is still limited. In this study, taking a semi-coupled numerical model FSSI-CAS 2D as the tool, the consolidation and settlement of loosely deposited sandy seabed foundation under an offshore breakwater is investigated. The advanced soil constitutive model Pastor-Zienkiewics Mark III (PZIII) is used to describe the quasi-static behavior of loose sandy seabed soil. The computational results show that PZIII model is capable of being used for settlement estimation problem of loosely deposited sandy seabed foundation. For loose sandy seabed foundation, elastic deformation is the dominant component in consolidation process. It is suggested that general elastic model is acceptable for subsidence estimation of offshore structures on loose seabed foundation; however, Young's modulus E must be dependent on the confining effective stress, rather than a constant in computation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1976

우리나라 남해안(南海岸)에 분포(分布)된 간척지토양중(干拓地土壤中)의 하나인 구포통(鳩浦統)에 대(對)한 형태적(形態的) 물리적(物理的) 및 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였는 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 남해안일대(南海岸一帶) 리아해안(海岸)에 분포(分布)된 간척지(干拓地)는 저구릉(低丘陵) 또는 구릉곡간(丘陵谷間)에 위치(位置)한 해안곡간간척지(海岸谷間干拓地)로서 대부분(大部分)이 하천(河川)의 영향(影響)없이 퇴적(堆積)되었고 구릉(丘陵)과 매우 가깝게 접(接)하고 있어 내륙곡간지토양(內陸谷間地土壤)과 유사(類似)하며 모래함량(含量)이 높고 미사(微砂)와 점토함량(粘土含量)이 낮아 서해안(西海岸) 일대(一帶)의 넓은 하해혼성평탄지(河海混成平坦地)에 분포(分布)된 토양(土壤)과 구별(區別)된다. 2. 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)을 보면 표토(表土)는 회갈색(灰褐色)에 약간(若干)의 황갈색(黃褐色) 반문(斑紋)이 있는 사양토(砂壤土)이며 기층(基層)은 회색(灰色) 사양토(砂壤土)로 약간(若干)의 석력(石礫)(약(約) 10%)이 있고 지하수위(地下水位)는 10-30cm로 높다. 간척후(干拓後) 토양생성작용(土壤生成作用)을 받은지 얼마되지 않은 새로운 퇴적층(堆積層)으로 단면(斷面)의 발달(發達)은 없다. 3. n계수(係數)가 0.8내외(內外)로 높아 미열성토양(未熱成土壤)에 속(屬)한다. 4. 화학적특성(化學的特性)에 있어 pH는 표토(表土)로부터 기층(基層)까지 8.0 이상(以上)으로 알카리성(性)이며 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 표토(表土) 1.16%, 그이하(以下) 토층(土層)은 모두 0.5% 내외(內外)로 매우 낮고 양(陽) ion치환용량(置換容量)은 7-9m.e/100g로 낮다. 표토(表土)의 치환성(置換性) 양(陽) ion 즉(卽) Ca: Mg: Na: K의 비(比)는 20:7:4:1이고 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)는 60% 이상(以上)이다. ($NH_4OAc$법(法)). 전기전도도(電氣傳導度)는 7-12mmhos/cm로 높은 편(便)이고 유효인산함량(有効燐酸含量)이 25ppm 이하(以下)로 매우 낮다. 5. 물리적열성(物理的熱成)을 기준(基準)하여 분류(分類)하면 "Unripe soils with half-ripe subsoils"로 볼수 있고 미칠차시안원안(美七次試案原案)에 의(依)하면 "Hydric Haplaquents"로 되어 물리적열성도(物理的熱成度)를 나타 낼수 있으나 동증보안(同增補案)에 의(依)하면 "Typic Haplaquents"로 되어 타숙성토(他熟成土)와 특성비교(特性比較)가 어렵게 되었다. 그러나 칠차시안(七次試案)의 종결안(終結案)이라 볼 수 있는 토양분류(土壤分類)에 의(依)하면 "Haplic Hydraquents"로 분류(分類)할 수 있어 토양(土壤)의 숙성도(熟成度)를 포함(包含)한 제특성(諸特性)이 잘 반영(反映)되었으며 수개(數個)의 타분류안(他分類案)에서는 물리적숙성도(物理的熟成度)를 나타낼수 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2013

This study investigated the runoff from rice paddy located on reclaimed fine sandy loam soil to provide data for the development of policies to protect water quality of estuaries. Total N (TN), Total P (TP) concentrations and runoff loads at outlet were monitored from 2006 to 2008. Soil phosphate adsorptivity was measured and compared with typical paddy soil in watersheds. TP concentration of the paddy water and TP runoff loads were much greater than those of typical paddy field in watershed because phosphate adsoptivity in reclaimed paddy field of fine sandy loam appeared to be a third of those of typical paddy soils by relatively low soil OM and high sand content of the reclaimed soil. Thus, nutrient runoff, particularly phosphate from the reclaimed paddy field needs to be managed more thoroughly to protect estuarine water quality.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 1992

This study was conducted to investigate experimentally the effect of track tension on the tractive performance of rice combine. The experiment was carried out at the two in-door soil bins with soil types of loam and sandy loam. The initial track tension was varied by three different values of 0.71, 1.75 and 3.84kN at three different forward velocity settings of 0.17, 0.32 and 0.45m/s, respectively. The data acquisition system was designed and used for the measurement of pull, driving axle torque and its velocity under the test conditions to calculate the tractive efficiency. Results of the study were summarized as follows : 1) The effect of the initial track tension on the tractive efficiency was found being significantly dependent on soil types but not on forward velocities. Therefore, the benifit of adjusting the initial track tension may be obtained when the types of soils on which combines operate are changed. 2) In loam, tractive efficiency decreased with increase in track tension. However, it increased in sandy loam until it reached to a peak value and then decreased with increase in track tension. 3) The maximum tractive efficiency of the tested combine was obtained with an initial track tension of about 1.75kN on sandy loam, and below that on loam at about 5% slippage without being noticeably influenced by the forward velocity.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2003

연안역 개발로 인해 갯벌의 면적이 급감하고 있는 현실에서 대체 갯벌의 조성을 위해 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 인공갯벌 조성을 위한 연구사업의 일환으로, 자연적으로 형성된 갯벌지반과 인위적으로 조성된 갯벌지반의 지반공학적인 특성을 비교$.$고찰하고 그 결과를 토대로 인공갯벌 지반의 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 교란 및 불교란시료를 이용한 각종 실내실험을 실시하였다. 실내실험에서 측정된 전단강도와 조류와 파랑으로 인해 유발되는 전단응력을 비교하여 갯벌에 퇴적된 토사의 안정성에 대해 검토하였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2005

The analytic possibility of mobile lead contained in soil has been studied using carboxylated magnetic beads. Extraction of heavy metal was performed to contaminated soil that has been collected and supplied for tests. As experiment materials, soil sample, distilled water and magnetic beads were only used. It means that the lead was extracted under neutral condition. In this condition, only the mobile fraction of lead could be extracted by magnetic beads. The mobile lead in the soil was quickly combined with magnetic beads in the mixture process. Then, the magnetic beads were dissolved into acids after collection by external magnetic force, and the lead combined with the beads was eluted and analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS). In the results of extraction experiments for 3 sandy soils, the efficiency using beads was similar to or higher than that of EDTA (Ethylendiamintetraacetic acid), which is normally used for analyzing mobile heavy metal concentration in soil. With this, it was shown that this method is a more accurate and simple method to analyze mobile lead when analyzing mobile heavy metal concentration in sandy soil, rather than conventional method using EDTA.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

동결토의 부동수분특성은 지반의 열-수리-역학적 거동 전반에 걸쳐 지배적인 영향을 미치며, 동결 지반의 안정성 평가를 위해서는 대상 지반재료의 부동수분특성에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 간극수 염분농도를 고려한 동결 사질토의 부동수분곡선을 평가하기 위하여 흙의 어는점 및 부동수분을 측정하는 실내 실험을 수행하였으며, 계측된 실험데이터를 기반으로 부동수분포화도 곡선을 간편하게 추정할 수 있는 경험적 모델을 새롭게 제시하였다. 또한, 제안된 경험적 모델을 입력자료로 적용한 해석모델의 시뮬레이션 결과를 실험데이터와 비교함으로써 사용된 부동수분곡선의 적정성을 검증하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.249-267
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• 2023

Various methods for determining the damping ratio have been proposed by scholars both domestically and abroad. However, no comparative analysis of different determination methods has been seen yet. In this study, typical sand (Fujian standard sand) and cohesive soils were selected as experimental objects, and undrained strain-controlled dynamic triaxial tests were conducted. The differences between existing damping ratio determination methods were theoretically compared and analyzed. The results showed that the hysteresis curve of cohesive soils had better symmetry and more closely conformed to the definition of equivalent linear viscoelasticity. For non-cohesive soils, the differences in damping ratio determined by six methods were significant. The differences decreased with increasing confining pressure and relative density, but increased gradually with increasing shear strain, especially at high shear strains, where the maximum relative error reached 200%. For cohesive soils, the differences in damping ratio determined by six methods were relatively small, with a maximum relative error of about 50%. Moreover, they were less affected by effective confining pressure and had the same changing trend under different effective confining pressures. The damping ratio determination method has a large effect on the seismic response of soils distributed by non-cohesive soils, with a maximum relative error of about 15% for the PGA and up to about 30% for the Sa. However, for soil layers distributed by cohesive soils, the damping ratio determination method has less influence on the seismic response. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a unified damping ratio determination method for non-cohesive soils, which can effectively avoid artificial errors caused by different determination methods.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2018

Road construction is becoming increasingly important in marine and desert areas due to population growth and economic development. However, the load carrying capacity of pavement is of gear concern to design and geotechnical engineers because of the poor engineering properties of the soils in these areas. Therefore, stabilization of the soils is regarded as an important issue. Besides, due to the fuels combustion and carbonate decomposition, cement industry generates around 5% of global $CO_2$ emission. Thus, using bentonite as a natural pozzolan in soil stabilization is more eco-friendly than using cement. The aim of this research is to experimentally study of the stabilized marine and desert sands using deep mixing method by ordinary Portland cement and sodium bentonite. Different partial percentages of cement along with different weight percentages of sodium bentonite were added to the sands. Unconfined compression test (UCS), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were conducted on the specimens. Moreover, a mathematical model was developed for predicting the strength of the treated soils.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.947-961
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• 2017

An innovative spiral variable-section capillary model is established for piping critical hydraulic gradient of cohesion-less soils causing water/mud inrush in tunnels. The relationship between the actual winding seepage channel and grain-size distribution, porosity, and permeability is established in the model. Soils are classified into coarse particles and fine particles according to the grain-size distribution. The piping critical hydraulic gradient is obtained by analyzing starting modes of fine particles and solving corresponding moment equilibrium equations. Gravities, drag forces, uplift forces and frictions are analyzed in moment equilibrium equations. The influence of drag force and uplift force on incipient motion is generally expounded based on the mechanical analysis. Two cases are studied with the innovative capillary model. The critical hydraulic gradient of each kind of sandy gravels with a bimodal grain-size-distribution is obtained in case one, and results have a good agreement with previous experimental observations. The relationships between the content of fine particles and the critical hydraulic gradient of seepage failure are analyzed in case two, and the changing tendency of the critical hydraulic gradient is accordant with results of experiments.