• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.29-33
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• 2001

The production of Secondary Non-ferrous Metals (SNM) is characterized by low investment, energy consumption and cost, less pollution as well as rather simple technology. In the past years, the SNM industry has seen relevantly rapid progress in China. Especially in the filed of clean hydrometallurgical treatment certain novel technologies for recovery and separation have successfully been elaborated, and a number of medium and small commercial plants established. On the basis of four common metals Cu, Al, Pb, Zn, and Ni, Co, this paper describes the status quo and progress of SNM industry in China, indicating that a lot of work should still be done in salvage of waste metals. It is recommended that measures for collecting and classifying SNM resource should be strengthened and the research on new technologies for scavenging such metals should be supported.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1228-1231
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• 1991

One of the most lethal forms of mediastinitis is descending necrotizing mediastinitis, in which infection arising from the oropharynx spreads to the mediastinum. Despite the development of computed tomographic scanning to aid in the early diagnosis of mediastinitis, the past 30 years, in large part because of continued dependence on transcervical mediastinal drainage, Although transcervical drainage is usually effective in the treatment of acute mediastinitis due to a cervical esophageal perforation, these approach in the patient with descending necrotizing mediastinitis fails to provide adequate drainage and pre-disposes to sepsis and a poor outcome. In addition to cervical drainage, aggressive, early mediastinal exploration - debridement and drainage through a subxiphoid incision or thoracotomy - is advocated to salvage the patient with descending necrotizing mediastinitis.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2002

The only treatment method for crushed soft tissue injuries in the proximal leg involving the knee joint is the microsurgical free flap transplantation, especially latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap is useful to cover the extensive soft tissue defects, therefore prevents iatrogenic below knee amputation and facilitates early wound healing, early ambulation and shortens hospital stay. Authors have treated the open amputation with crushed soft tissue and bone injuries in the proximal leg, and the repeated abrasion and infectious wound with traumatic neuroma in the below knee with myocutaneous free flap and succeeded to wear below knee amputation prosthesis and return to normal activities of the daily living in the relatively shorter period than usual.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2003

A 4 year old female with acute lower abdominal pain was admitted with the diagnosis of periappendiceal abscess made by ultrasonography. At laparotomy, the appendix was normal, but the left ovary was twisted and necrotic. Appendectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The pathology of the appendix was normal, and the left tube and ovary were ischemic and had hemorrhagic necrosis. Pediatric adnexal torsion may be difficult to diagnosis clinically. Sonography is the preferred imaging study. It usually confirms a pelvic mass but may not establish the diagnosis. The correct diagnosis of adnexal torsion is often made at exploration. The most common erroneous diagnosis is acute appendicitis or periappendiceal abscess. Therapy for adnexal torsion remains controversial. While extirpation has been the standard of treatment in the past, there are current proponents of conservative therapy with adnexal sparing. Early diagnosis may lead to more frequent salvage of affected adnexa.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 2011

Over the past few decades, our understanding of the epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has made enormous advances. Consequently, the treatment of HL has changed significantly, rendering this disease of the most curable human cancers. To date, about 80% of patients achieve long-term disease-free survival. However, therapeutic challenges still remain, particularly regarding the salvage strategies for relapsed and refractory disease, which need further identification of better prognostic markers and novel therapeutic schemes. Although the precise molecular mechanism by which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the generation of malignant cells present in HL still remains unknown, current increasing data on the role of EBV in the pathobiology of HL have encouraged people to start developing novel and specific therapeutic strategies for EBV-associated HL. This review will provide an overview of therapeutic approaches for acute EBV infection and the classical form of HL (cHL), especially focusing on EBV-associated HL cases.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.198-202
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• 2021

Super-selective renal artery embolization is an increasingly popular technique for the management of traumatic, low-grade renal trauma. When performed in distal arterial branches, this intervention enables tissue preservation and arrest of hemorrhage, but it may not be practical in cases of multifocal, high-grade renal injuries. In such cases, surgical nephrectomy remains the more common treatment modality to ensure hemodynamic control. We present the unique case of a patient who presented in hemorrhagic shock following a major trauma that resulted in a grade 5 renal injury treated with complete renal artery embolization using Gelfoam, resulting in hemodynamic stabilization. Interestingly, imaging 1 month after embolization revealed residual enhancement of the inferior pole of the kidney, suggesting reconstitution of flow and partial renal salvage. Ultimately, transcatheter "nephrectomy" with careful selection of a temporary embolic agent may serve as a safe and efficient alternative to surgical nephrectomy with the added possibility of preserving partial renal perfusion and function in the emergent setting.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2004

Purpose : This retrospective study was conducted to compare early preliminary results of breast conservation therapy (BCT) with mastectomy In early breast cancer. Materials and Methods : We evaluated 171 women with AJCC stage I and II breast cancer who had been treated at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital from March 1989 to August 1996. Eighty-eight patients underwent mastectomy and 85 patients did conservative surgery with breast irradiation. in the BCT group, all patients received whole breast irradiation to a total dose of 45$\~$50 Gy/5$\~$6 wks, followed by a boost to the original tumor site at least 60 Gy. Chemotherapy was administered to 29 (34.1$\%$) patients in BCT and 40 (45.5$\%$) in mastectomy, with various sequencing of surgery and/or radiation. We compared survival rate, patterns of failure in each treatment group and the prognostic factors that had a significant effect on treatment failure. The median follow-up time was 63 months (19$\~$111 months). Log rank test was used to estimate the prognostic factors for treatment failure. Results : Overall survival, disease free survival, locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis rates were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. During the follow-up period, 11 patients (12.5$\%$)in the mastectomy group and 10 patients (11.8%$\%$ in the BCT group were failed. Six local recurrences occurred after mastectomy and 5 after BCT Five patients fatted at distant site in mastectomy and 4 in BCT. Of the local recurrence cases, five of 6 mastectomy patients and 3 of S BCT patients were alive with no evidence of disease after salvage surgery and/or chemoirradiation. Our results indicated that the major influence on survival was distant metastasis. Unfortunately, control of distant metastasisis was not frequently achieved. Even with salvage systemic therapy or radiotherapy, most of distant metastasis patients died or had uncontrolled disease in both treatment groups: only one of 4 BCT patients and none of mastectomy patients were alive without disease. There was no apparent difference in the incidence rate of contralateral breast cancer and non-breast 2$^{nd}$ primary tumor between the two treatment groups. Univariate Log-rank test identified the N stage and the involved axillary LN number as distinct prognostic factors that were highly predictive of treatment failure in both treatment groups. Additionally, marginal status in BCT and histologic nuclear grade In the mastectomy group were risk factors for treatment fallure (p < 0.05). Concousion : Although further careful follow-up is necessary to confirm the trends evident In this serles, it would appear that patterns of failure and survival rate following conservative surgery and radiotherapy in early breast cancer are similar to those following mastectomy. The great majority of patients with local recurrence had an exellent salvage rate in both treatment groups. Therefore, these preliminary short term results support BCT as an equally effective management for early breast cancer as an alternative to mastectomy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

Treatment of calcaneal fraclure is difficult and full of controversy still and choice of treatment of the displaced intracalcaneal fracture is not available yet. Furthermore, the treatment of old calcaneal fracture with displaced subtalar joint or malunited calcaneal fracture is really difficult and painful to solve the problem other than subtalar arthrodesis, ignoring conservative treatment, excision of bone mass and/or adhesiolysis, which is/are a kind of palliative or salvage treatment in stead of definitive treatment that restores smooth articular surface of the subtalar joint as far as we can. Authors had some experiences treating this difficult old and displaced calcaneal fractures. Some of them were malunited already. Hereby we report our favorable results to treat the fractures with surgical reduction (reconstruction) and internal fixation without bone graft. We recommend reconstruction of the displaced subtalar joint even though it is not congruent and partly gone to get subtalar motion insead of palliative operation such as subtalar fusion, which can be done later and long term potential cause of mid tarsal arthrosis of the foot.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

Despite the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ischemic diseases, pathophysiological conditions, including hypoxia, limited nutrient availability, and oxidative stress restrict their potential. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of melatonin on the bioactivities of MSCs. Treatment of MSCs with melatonin increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α). Melatonin treatment enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in MSCs in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Melatonin-mediated PGC-1α expression enhanced the proliferative potential of MSCs through regulation of cell cycle-associated protein activity. In addition, melatonin promoted the angiogenic ability of MSCs, including migration and invasion abilities and secretion of angiogenic cytokines by increasing PGC-1α expression. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model, the survival of transplanted melatonin-treated MSCs was significantly increased in the ischemic tissues, resulting in improvement of functional recovery, such as blood perfusion, limb salvage, neovascularization, and protection against necrosis and fibrosis. These findings indicate that the therapeutic effect of melatonin-treated MSCs in ischemic diseases is mediated via regulation of PGC-1α level. This study suggests that melatonin-induced PGC-1α might serve as a novel target for MSC-based therapy of ischemic diseases, and melatonin-treated MSCs could be used as an effective cell-based therapeutic option for patients with ischemic diseases.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.222-222
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• 2009

Primary malignant bone tumors of the scapula are very rare, and little literature is available regarding their characteristics and outcome. We studied the clinical characteristics, and outcome of patients with primary malignant bone tumors of the scapula. From 1979 to 2008, we treated 7 patients at our institute (4 men and 3 women; chondrosarcoma 3, Ewing's sarcomas 3, Osteosarcoma 1). The mean age was 45 years (range, 5~65 years). The follow-up period was 2 - 180 months. Six patients were performed operations: total scapulectomy 3, partial scapulectomy 1, forequarter resection 1, total resection of the shoulder girdle (Tikhoff-Linberg procedure) 1. No-operative treatment was chosen for one patient with a limited life expectancy. Local recurrence occurred in one patient. Distant metastasis occurred in 3 patients. Of the 7 patients, 4 patients are died because of propagation of the disease. Three patients were alive and apparently disease-free, and these patients were evaluated for functional results with the functional evaluation system of the International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLAS). Functional result of partial scapulectomy was excellent, however, the function after total scapulectomy or Tikhoff-Linberg procedure is severely impaired. Our study indicates reconstruction procedure needs to be reconsidered following total scapulectomy or Tikhoff-Linberg procedure.