• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 1999

Objectives: Major salivary gland tumor mainly develops in the parotid gland and pleomorphic adenoma is a large percentage. The aim of this study is to get clinicopathologic characteristics of overall major salivary gland tumors and suggestions regarding surgical management through collective review of 315 cases. Materials and Methods: This is a clinicopathologic review of 315 cases of major salivary gland tumor who were treated surgically at Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Clinic, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University during the period of 18 years from 1980 to 1997. Analysis was performed regarding the incidence, classification, surgery and its complications, and survival rate of salivary gland cancer. Results : 1) Parotid gland was the most prevalent site of salivary gland tumor(78%) and submandibular gland(21%) was next in order. Benign tumors were 257cases(81%) and malignant tumors were 58 cases(19%). 2) Male to female sex ratio was 1:1.2, the most prevalent age group was 3rd decade and the second group was 4th decade. 3) Histopathologically, the most common benign salivary gland tumor was pleomorphic adenoma. Warthin's tumor was next common. Among the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was most common, and the next were adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. 4) In pleomorphic adenoma, superficial parotidectomy was performed in 129 cases, and extracapsular tumorectomy was performed in 3 cases. In non-pleomorphic benign tumor, tumorectomy was performed in 21 cases. In 40 cases of deep lobe tumor, total parotidectomy was performed in only 2 cases and deep parotidectomy was performed in 38 cases. 5) Surgical complications were facial nerve injury 19 cases, Frey syndrome 13 cases, and salivary fistula 3 cases. 6) Overall 5-year survival rate of salivary gland cancer was 63%. Conclusion: Postoperative recurrence rate is low in benign tumor, but high in cancer of salivary gland tumor. Surgical procedure should not be aggressive in benign tumor, especially in parotid tumor, but should be aggressive in malignant salivary gland tumors.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1993

The salivary gland consists of major and minor glands. The major glands are parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. The numerous minor salivary glands are located in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tracts. Tumors of the salivary gland are relatively uncommon, and the incidence of the salivary gland tumor among the head and neck neoplasm is approximately 3%. Surgery is the primary treatment of choice for the most tumors of the salivary glands. Author reviewed the recent reports of salivary gland neoplasms of Korea and foreign institutes and suggest the guideline of managemnt of salivary gland tumors.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : Salivary gland neoplasms are unique because of their infrequency, inconsistent classification, and highly variable biologic behavior. The aim of this study is to analysis the histopathologic classification of salivary glnad neoplasm and to suggest a guideline of management. Materials and Methods : The medical records of 310 patients with salivary gland neoplasm who treated at Asan medical center between 1992 and 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 310 patients, 138 patients were male and 172 patients were female. Mean age was 50.5 years. Results : Benign salivary neoplasms were 213 cases. They consisted of 153 cases (71.8%) of parotid tumor, 41 cases (19.2%) of submandibular gland tumor and 19 cases (8.9%) of minor salivary gland tumor. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm. Malignant salivary neoplasms were 97 cases. They consisted of 45 cases (46.4%) of parotid tumor, 26 cases(26.8%) of minor salivary gland tumor, 24 cases(24.7%) of submandibular gland tumor and 2 cases(2.1%) of sublingual gland tumor. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignant neoplasm. Conclusions : The most commonly involved gland was parotid (64%) and the most frequent tumor was pleomorphic adenoma (52%). Although the majority of minor salivary gland neoplasms are malignant, three of parotid tumors are benign.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 1999

We analyzed retrospectively the 74 patients with salivary tumors who were treated surgically at Chonbuk National University Hospital. The following results were obtained: 1) The most prevalent site was parotid gland and minor salivary gland is second in order. The most prevalent site of minor salivary gland tumor was palate. 2) Slow-growing painless mass was the most common chief complaints. 3) The most frequnet age incidence was 4th and 6th decades. 4) Sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.1, but in minor salivary gland tumor, female was more prevalent and sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.5. 5) Histopathologically, the most common salivary gland tumor was pleomorphic adenoma. Among the benign tumors, the pleomorphic adenoma was most common and Warthin's tumor was next. Among the malignant tumors, the mucoepidermoid carcinoma was most common and adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma were the next. 6) 59 patients with benign tumor and 15 patients with malignant tumor were treated with operative therapy. Among patients with malignant tumor, 12 patients were treated with postoperative radiation therapy. 7) Overall incidence of postoperative complication was 14.9% and the most common complication was transient facial nerve weakness and hematoma.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 1998

Benign salivary gland tumors have relatively lower incidence, but it have various histopathologic diagnosis and biological behavior. Authors analyzed retrospectively 77 patients with benign salivary gland tumor who were treated surgically and had the following results. The most frequent age group was 5th decade, and sex distribution was not specific. The most common location was parotid gland(75.3%) and submandibular gland(20.8%) was next. Histopathologically, the most common salivary gland tumor was pleomorphic adenoma(82.7%) and Warthin's tumor(8.6%) was next. An asymptomatic mass was the most common presentation. Duration of symptoms and signs were mostly under the 5years(90.9%). Diameter of tumors was mostly under 4cm(76.7%). Parotid gland tumors were treated mostly with superficial parotidectomy and submandibular gland tumors were treated mostly with submandibular gland resection. The most common complication was facial nerve palsy(9 cases).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.74-87
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• 1993

Immunohistochemical studies on S-100 protein and lactoferrin were carried out to evaluate the existence and distribution pattern of S-100 protein and lactoferrin positive cells in salivary gland tumors. The specimens used were 25 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 2 cases of monomorphic adenoma, 2 cases of mucoepidermoid tumor, 2 cases of acinic cell tumor, 3 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 2 cases of adenocarcinoma occured in parotid and submandibular salivary gland. ABC kits(Dako corp. Copenhagen. Denmark) for S-100 protein and lactoferrin were used. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In the normal salivary gland. positive immunoreaction for S-100 protein was observed in myoepithelial cells of acini and intercalated ducts. Positive immunoreaction for lactoferrin was observed in serous acinic cells, epithelial cells of intercalated ducts, and excretory material in the ductal lumina. In the pleomorphic and monomorphic adenomas. most of tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, while luminal tumor cells in gland-like or duct-like structures were rarely positive for lactoferrin. In mucoepidermoid tumor, most of squamous cells and a few of intermediate cells were positive for S-100 protein, but all of tumor cells were negative for lactoferrin. In acinic cell tumor, most of tumor cells were positive for lactoferrin, but all of tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein. In adenoid cystic carcinoma, basaloid tumor cells in trabecular structure were focally positive for S-100 protein. and in adenocarcinoma, many of tumor cells were posivive for both S-100 protein and lactoferrin. Thus, according to the embryonic stage of the development of the tumor cell origin, it was possible to classify the salivary gland tumor as followings: mucoepidermoid carcinoma which originated from the earliest stage, acinic cell tumor which originated from the end stage. Between these two extremes, there were pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenocarcinoma which originated in the middle stage of the development of .the salivary glands. Based on the above results, it can be stated that S-100 protein is demonstrated in tumor cells orginated from myoepithelial cells and lactoferrin in glandular differentiated tumor cells.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1985

The authors reviewed 114 cases of malignant major and minor salivary gland tumors at Presbyterian Medical Center seen from February, 1963 to December, 1983. The results were obtained as follows; 1) Overall male and female sex ratio was 2:1. The peak age of patients with major and minor salivary gland tumor were both 5 th decade. 2) The ratio of benign and malignant tumor was 83:114. The incidence of malignancy in each group was 52% in parotid (50 patients), 75% in minor salivary gland (45 patients), 49% in submaxillary gland(18 patients) and 25% in sublingual gland (1 patient). 3) The incidence according to the anatomic primary site for minor salivary cancers was 10 cases in the nasal cavity, each 8 in the palate and the maxillary antrum, 7 in the tongue, 5 in the gum, 3 in the larynx and 2 in the buccal mucosa. 4) Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common cancer of minor salivary gland and malignant mixed tumor was the most common in major salivary glands, each comprising 34 cases (76%) of minor and 19 cases (28%) of major salivary gland tumors. 5) The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 50% in the submaxillary gland cancers, 44% in the parotid gland cancers and 21% in malignant tumors of minor salivary glands. The highest incidence of lymph node metastasis according to histopathological classification was formed in high grade of mucoepidermoid (67%). 6) Nerve invasion was common in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. According to anatomic site, nerve invasion occurred most often in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland (44%). 7) The lung was the commonest site for distant metastasis comprising 12 cases among 26 cases in which distant spread occurred. 8) The recurrence rate was 50% for major salivary gland cancer and 52% in cancer of the minor salivary gland. In accordance with pathological classification, adenocarcinoma most frequently recurred after excision. This being seen in 88% of patients undergoing definitive therapy. 9) The determinate 5 year survival rate was 78% in major salivary gland tumors, but 69% in minor salivary gland tumors.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.405-416
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• 2007

Objective : Lots of papers have revealed that tumor growth related factors such as EGF, EGFR, c-erbB-2 play an important role in tumorigenesis and proliferation. These factors are found in most tumors of ectodermal origin. But, documentations of tumor growth related factors on salivary gland tumors were rare. Therefore, we determined expressions of tumor growth related factors; PCNA, p53, EGF, EGFR, cerbB2(HER-2), Maspin, DMBT-1, N-Ras in representative salivary gland tumors. Materials and methods : A few types of salivary tumors were examined by immunohistochemical assays. Each antibody was applied to specimens of tumors. Specimens were composed of 5 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) from 12 patients. One specimen was selected randomly as negative control. For evaluation of staining intensity, each stained sample was divided into 5 grade; no staining, obscure, weak staining, moderate staining, strong staining. Results : Strong expressions of PCNA were found in all tumors except of PA. EGF was expressed strongly in SCC, ACC sequently. But in both PA and MEC, EGF expression was weak. EGFR and c-erbB-2 expression showed similar patterns in all salivary gland tumor tissues. P53 showed weak expression generally in all salivary gland tumors. DMBT-1 was expressed in SCC rather than in ACC or in MEC. N-Ras showed weak expressions in all salivary gland tumors except of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion : Taken together, tumor growth related factors were expressed in salivay tumors as well as mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. Especially EGFR and c-erbB-2 could be candidates as diagnostic markers for estimating clinical grade of salivary gland tumors. But further studies with reliable methods will be needed to confirm the results of this study.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.523-526
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• 2022

Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor that mainly has solid features. When it occurs in the parotid gland, it can invade the facial nerve and cause facial nerve paralysis. However, in our case, the salivary duct carcinoma exhibited cystic features on computed tomographic imaging, and the facial nerve passed through the cyst. Total parotidectomy with level-I to -III dissections was performed and nerve passing through the tumor was sacrificed. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy and was clinically and radiologically followed-up for every 3 months. Recurrence or distant metastasis was not reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case involving a salivary duct carcinoma with cystic features and facial nerve invasion. Here, we report a first case of cystic salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland which uncommonly undergo cystic change and penetrated by facial nerve and successfully resected without causing facial nerve injury.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2013

Purpose: Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is expressed by tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in various carcinoma. The role of TGase 2 expression in salivary gland tumors is not clear yet. Established slaivary gland tumor (SGT)cell line has been used to study the pathogenesis of salivary gland adenocarcinoma on a cellular level in vitro. The pupose of this study were to examine mRNA expression of TGase 2 in SGT cell line compared to other tumor cell lines, and to apply these results to the pathogenesis of salivary gland tumor. Materials and Methods: After SGT, SCC-15, HN 4, and HeLa tumor cell lines were cultured under preconfl uency, and 3 days after postconfl uency, the cells were harvested for total RNA extraction and cDNA preparation. Result: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for semiquantitative mRNA analysis was done. TGase 2 mRNA expression was not induced by confl uency in all the cell lines. TGase 2 mRNA expression was variable but markedly enhanced in SGT cell line. Conclusion: mRNA expression of TGase 2 should play an important role in the pathogenesis of SGT cell line originated from ductal cell.