• 치위생과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

본 연구는 구취의 원인을 분류하고, 각 성분들에 영향을 미치는 구강환경 요인들과 어떤 관련성이 있는지를 조사하여 구취환자 개개인의 구강건강을 증진시키고 구취관련의 올바른 보건교육에 활용하고자 실시하였으며, 2009년 3월 1일부터 2010년 3월 1일까지 1년간 대도시 소재 치과병원 외래환자 98명의 자료를 최종분석에 이용한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 구취의 각 성분인 Hydrogen sulfide, Methyl mercaptan, Dimethyl sulfide 및 Ammonia의 평균 수치는 Hydrogen sulfide 36.71 ppb, Methyl mercaptan은 31.46 ppb, Dimethyl sulfide는 54.33 ppb, Ammonia는 22.60 ppm로 나타났고, 정상과 역치 이상의 검출비교 결과 Dimethyl sulfide는 46.9%가 역치 이상으로 검출되었고, Ammonia는 연구대상자 중 52%가 역치 이상으로 검출되어 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. Hydrogen sulfide 성분의 양에 따라 Dimethyl sulfide 성분의 양, 설태의 양과 타액 분비율이 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. Methyl mercaptan 성분의 양은 Dimethyl sulfide의 성분과 설태량, 타액 분비율과 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 4. Dimethyl sulfide성분의 양은 Hydrogen sulfide성분, Ammonia성분과 관련이 있었으며, 설태의 양, 타액분비율, 타액내 수소이온농도지수와도 관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 5. Ammonia성분은 Methyl mercaptan성분과 Dimethyl sulfide성분, 치주필요지수(CPI), 타액 분비율이 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있었다(p<0.05).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5525-5529
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• 2015

Background: Currently it is believed that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with the development of some oral/oropharyngeal cancers. It has been suggested that these viruses influence carcinogenesis in both smokers and non-smokers. Data on the prevalence of HPV in healthy adults are thus needed to estimate the risk of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral HPV in healthy female adults in Indonesia and Thailand. Materials and Methods: Healthy female students from the Faculties of Dentistry of Universitas Indonesia and Chiang Mai University were asked to participate in this pilot study. DNA was extracted from saliva specimens and screened for HPV16 and HPV18 using PCR. Results: The age, marital status and sexual experience of the subjects between the two countries were not significantly different. Eight (4%) and 4 (2%) samples were positive for HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. Fisher's Exact test found a significant difference between HPV16 positivity in subjects who were married and had sexual intercourse but not for HPV18. Conclusions: This study successfully detected presence of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA in a number of saliva samples from female dental school students. Marital status, experience of sexual intercourse and safe sexual practice are related to the possibility of finding HPV DNA finding in saliva. Dentists, physicians and other health care professionals may gain significant value from the findings of this study, which provide an understanding of the nature of HPV infection and its risk to patient health and disease.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2008

Titanium and its alloy have been widely used in dental implant and orthopedic prostheses. Electrochemical characteristics of dental implant in the various simulated body fluids have been researched by using electrochemical methods. Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant was used for corrosion test in 0.9% NaCl, artificial saliva and simulated body fluids. The surface morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The electrochemical stability was investigated using potentiosat (EG&G Co, 263A). The corrosion surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the results of potentiodynamic test in various solution, the current density of implant tested in SBF and AS solution was lower than that of implant tested in 0.9% NaCl solution. From the results of passive film stability test, the variation of current density at constant 250 mV showed the consistent with time in the case of implant tested in SBF and AS solution, whereas, the current density at constant 250mV in the case of implant tested in 0.9% NaCl solution showed higher compared to SBF and AS solution as time increased. From the results of cyclic potentiodynamic test, the pitting potential and |$E_{pit}\;-\;E_{corr}$| of implant tested in SBF and AS solution were higher than those of implant tested in 0.9% NaCl solution.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of clinical art therapy programs utilized at schools on adolescents' suicidal thoughts and stress relief and to validate their effectiveness as a type of adolescent suicide prevention program. Methods: 12 sessions of clinical art therapy for youth suicide prevention were provided, once a week for 90 minutes, for 20 students at five middle schools in Seoul who were at high risk of committing suicide. By using the paired sample t-test, the study presented qualitative data on the analysis of pre- and post- questionnaires and on the subjects' EEG test and saliva test. Results: First, through the clinical art therapy program, the subjects' happiness index improved significantly while their scores of depression and suicidal ideation (suicidal thoughts) decreased. Second, in the EEG and saliva test conducted after the art therapy sessions, emotional stability increased and stress was reduced significantly. Third, according to the results of pre- and post- K-HTP tests and individual activities, the subjects started to recognize the seriousness of suicide and show emotional stability and positive changes in overall attitudes, valuing the rights and life of their own 'precious selves' (self respect). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the clinical art therapy program is significantly effective at preventing suicidal ideation by reducing suicidal impulses and depression, by increasing the happiness index, which can serve as a protective factor against suicide, and by increasing emotional stability while reducing stress. Based on the results, there is a need to develop policy measures regarding art therapy programs which can be utilized at schools.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

Purpose: To assess parent perspectives of the current and potential future tests for their child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: New Zealand parents of a child with IBD were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Experiences relating to their child's blood or faecal tests, medical imaging (abdominal ultrasound [US], abdominal computerised tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance enterography) and colonoscopy were collected. Perceived attitudes to potential future testing of urine, saliva, and breath, were sought. Results: Twenty-eight parents, 93% female completed the survey, and 86% were aged between 35 and 54 years. Baseline information was provided by parents for 27 of 28 children, 70.3% had Crohn's disease with a mean disease duration of 2.67 years. Blood tests were the most requested and completed tests, while CT was the least ordered and most refused test. Colonoscopy was rated as the least comfortable and generated the most worry. Explanation of test significantly improved parent's levels of understanding when their child had blood, faecal, imaging (US) or colonoscopy tests. Providing an explanation, test invasiveness and the impact of the blood results may have on their child's treatment significantly improved parents' comfort levels. However, explanation of colonoscopy generated a significant parental concerns. Saliva, urine and blood tests were chosen as the most preferred disease monitoring tests. Conclusion: Parents preferred any tests less invasive than colonoscopy for monitoring their child's IBD. Although providing explanation of their child's tests enhanced parents' understanding, it can also affect parents' levels of concern and comfort.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2011

Objectives : This study conducted to investigate oral care abilities in diabetic patients to find a good dental method which may efficiently control diabetes. Methods : The diabetic group consisted of 40 patients with type 2 diabetics, while the non-diabetes were 34 persons with no signs of diabetics, who had visited a Public Health Center and dental clinic of a general hospital in Gwangju city from Dec. 2008 to Sep. 2009. Periodontal disease, gingivitis, dental caries, tongue plaque and halitosis between diabetic group and non-diabetic group were examined and at the same time a questionnaire survey was conducted. The data were analyzed with chi-square, t-test, pearson correlation coefficients using the SPSS WIN 15.0 program. Results : The mean values of both the community periodontal index and the gingival index of diabetic group were 2.18 and 1.75, respectively, and those were higher than those (1.79 and 1.50) of non-diabetic group with no statistical significance. The mean saliva secretion of non-diabetics was 16.74 mL, which was higher than 13.90 mL of diabetic patients(p<0.05). The oral care ability(mean 3.10) acquired from plague index in diabetic group was worse than in non-diabetic(mean 2.33). Conclusions : The high blood sugar concentration in diabetic patients causes low saliva secretion and high saliva viscosity, with the results halitosis and periodontal disease take place. This study suggested that good oral care ability of diabetic patients was very helpful to prevent periodontal disease and halitosis. In addition to this, it may reduce complications of diabetic patients.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 1992

In order to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system (DDS) of theophylline (TP), microporous membrane-coated tablets were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Rapidly water-soluble core tablets of TP (300 mg) were prepared by wet granulation and compression technique, Then the core tablets were spray-coated with polyvinylchloride (PVC) in which micronized sucrose particles were dispersed. Effect of formula compositions of coating suspensions on the pharmaceutical characteristics such as membrane strength and dissolution was investigated in vitro. The membranes remained unbroken in pH 1.2 buffer at $37^{\circ}C$ at least for 2 hours after the disintergration test. TP was released from the coated-released tablets at a zero-order rate over 8 hours. The release at pH 1.2 and 4.0 was similar in rate but a little more rapid than that at pH 6.8. The coated tablets were administered to three healthy male volunteers and their saliva profiles of TP were compared with those from the commercial sustained release TP tablets such as Slobid and Asconthin. Saliva TP concentrations from the coated tablets were successfully sustained over 48 hours after the dosing and were comparable to those of the commercial sustained-release tablets. The membrane-coating technique is very simple and does not need any sophisticated equipments. In this respect, the membrane-coated tablets may be superior to the commercial sustained-release tablets and this technique is worth adopting by the pharmaceutical industries.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Background: Obesity weakens acquired immunity and causes infection. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory markers in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum and periodontal bacteria in saliva through obesity control for 4 weeks. Methods: Forty-six subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥23 kg/m² stayed in the camp for 4 weeks, followed by exercise and a low salt-low fat diet. Body size measurements, oral examinations, blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid were collected before and after the program. C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the gingival sulcus fluid were measured. After extracting bacterial genomic DNA from saliva, the presence of periodontal bacteria were detected using Taq probe. The relationship of each index before and after the program was analyzed through paired t-test and partial correlation analysis. Results: Campylobacter rectus (Cr) increased after the program, and there was no significant change in other bacteria. Serum CRP and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cr, ratio of Fn, and ratio of Cr had a positive relationship at baseline; however, the relationship was not significant after the program. Ratio of Prevotella intermedia had a positive relationship with MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-1β at baseline. Moreover, the ratio of Treponema denticola and the ratio of Tannerella forsythia showed a positive relationship with MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β. The relationship between the ratio of Porphyromonas gingivalis and IL-1β showed a constant positive relationship at baseline and after the program. Conclusion: Obesity control program in subjects with a BMI of ≥23 kg/m² accompanied by diet and exercise did not affect the changes in periodontal bacteria itself, but changes in the relationship between periodontal bacteria and serum CRP, the relationship between the inflammatory index in the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal bacteria was observed.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 유치 상아질의 복합레진 술식에서 각 단계별로 치면에 인공타액이 오염되었을 때와 이것을 제거하는 방법이 한 단계 자가부식 접착제와 두 단계 산 부식 접착제의 결합강도에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해, 건전한 유구치 42개를 선정하여 세 종류의 상아질 접착제인 Scotchbond Universal Adhesive(SBU), All-Bond Universal(ABU)과 Prime & Bond NT(PNT)에 따라 3개의 군으로 분류하였다. 이를 다시 각 접착제에서 7개의 하위 그룹으로 나누었다. 대조군인 1군을 제외한 나머지 군은 인공타액으로 오염시킨 군으로 다음과 같이 분류하였다: 2, 3군 - 접착제 도포 전; 4, 5군 - 접착제 중합 전; 6, 7군 - 접착제 중합 후. 인공타액은 수세, 건조(2, 4, 6군)와 건조(3, 5, 7군)로 제거하였다. 처치된 치면에 복합레진(Filtek, Z-350)으로 수복하고 시편을 제작한 후 미세인장 결합강도(Microtensile bond strength, MTBS)를 측정하였다. One-way ANOVA와 Tukey HSD test를 이용해서 통계분석을 실시하였다(p < 0.05). 대조군에서 MTBS의 평균값은 PNT가 ABU와 SBU에 비해 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 세 가지 접착제의 각 오염단계에서 수세와 건조를 시행했을 때(2, 4, 6군)가 건조만 시행했을 때(3, 5, 7군)보다 높은 결합강도를 나타내었다. 그리고 접착제 중합 전 단계에서 인공타액의 오염이 발생했을 때(4, 5군)는 대조군에 비해 낮은 MTBS를 보였다(p < 0.001). 전반적으로 두 단계 산 부식 접착제가 한 단계 자가부식 접착제에 비해 높은 MTBS를 보였다. 접착제를 중합하기 전 단계에서 인공타액에 오염되었을 경우에는 접착 강도가 현저히 감소하였고, 수세와 건조 과정으로 접착강도를 회복할 수 없었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2013

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that no difference exists between the effects of at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching on shear bond strength (SBS) with bracket bonding at 4 different time intervals after dental bleaching. Methods: Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 10) according to the bleaching methods used (at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching) and the storage time in artificial saliva (30 min, 1 day, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks before bonding). The control group was stored in artificial saliva for 7 days. Brackets were bonded with the Transbond XT adhesive system, and SBS testing was performed. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to assess the amount of resin remaining on the enamel surfaces after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Significance for all statistical tests was predetermined to be p < 0.05. Results: The SBS of the unbleached group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the bleached groups (except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching). Conclusions: The null hypothesis was not totally rejected. All bleaching groups tested had decreased SBS of the brackets to the enamel, except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching. The SBS returned to values close to those of the unbleached enamel within 3 weeks following bleaching.