• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of changes in the oral environment of the elderly in long-term care facilities after the intake of Weissella cibaria. Methods: The test group ingested the W. cibaria strain Chonnam Medical University (CMU), and the control group ingested the control food. Of all randomized trial subjects, 62 were analyzed (32 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group). In this 8-week demographic study, we evaluated self-perceived halitosis, changes in halitosis, sensory test results, tongue plaque index scores, saliva buffering capacity, and the salivary flow rate. Results: The W. cibaria CMU intake in the elderly in long-term care facilities during the experimental period did not demonstrate statistically significant changes in the salivary flow rate. However, self-perceived halitosis, organoleptic test results, tongue plaque index scores, and salivary buffering capacity demonstrated statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups. These findings partially confirmed the beneficial effects of the W. cibaria CMU on the oral environment in the elderly. Conclusions: Research results on the role of probiotics in the oral cavity should be summarized, and utilization plans should be sought to obtain a clearer understanding of the clinical efficacy and related factors. The value of probiotic use may be high in improving the oral health of people by enabling treatment and prevention.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.9
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aims to correlate caries-causing microorganism load, lactic acid estimation, and blood groups to high caries risk in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals and low caries risk in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This study includes 30 participants divided into 3 groups: Group A, High-risk caries diabetic individuals; Group B, High-risk caries non-diabetic individuals; and Group C, Low-risk caries individuals. The medical condition, oral hygiene, and caries risk assessment (American Dental Association classification and International Caries Detection and Assessment System scoring) were documented. Each individual's 3 mL of saliva was analyzed for microbial load and lactic acid as follows: Part I: 2 mL for microbial quantity estimation using nutrient agar and blood agar medium, biochemical investigation, and carbohydrate fermentation tests; Part II: 0.5 mL for lactic acid estimation using spectrophotometric analysis. Among the selected individuals, blood group correlation was assessed. The χ² test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and post hoc analysis were done using Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Results: Group A had the highest microbial load and lactic acid concentration, followed by Groups B and C. The predominant bacteria were Lactobacilli (63.00 ± 15.49) and Streptococcus mutans (76.00 ± 13.90) in saliva. Blood Group B is prevalent in diabetic and non-diabetic high-risk caries patients but statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Diabetic individuals are more susceptible to dental caries due to high microbial loads and increased lactic acid production. These factors also lower the executing tendency of neutrophils, which accelerates microbial accumulation and increases the risk of caries in diabetic individuals.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

서론: 인접 자연치와 아름답고 자연스런 조화를 이루는 심미적 치료를 위해 도재 수복물은 대중적인 치료방법의 하나로 잡고 있다. 임상에서 도재 수복물이 제작 후 치아에 시멘트로 접착을 하기 전 먼저 구강 내에서 시적할 때 수복물 표면에 타액, 혈액, 시적용 시멘트 등으로 인해 오염될 수 있다. 연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 도재 수복물로 사용되고 있는 라미네이트 도재에 실란 결합제의 처리 시기를 달리할 때와 도재 수복물을 치아에 시적 할 때 타액의 오염여부가 실란 결합제의 물리적, 화학적 반응성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 도재와 레진 시멘트 사이의 결합력의 안정성을 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 라미네이트용 도재를 360개의 원반모형과 5개의 정사각형 모형으로 제작하여 20군으로 나눈다. 각 군에 표면처리를 달리 한 뒤 푸리에 적외선 분광계, 접촉각 측정기와 인스트론 만능 시험기를 이용해 화학적, 물리적 비교를 하였다. 통계는 각 군의 전단 결합 강도의 유의성을 검증하기 위하여 일원분산분석(ANOVA) 후 사후검정은 던넷 다중비교 (Dunnett's multiple comparison)를 시행하였다 (P > .05). 연구 결과: 푸리에 적외선 분광 자료에 의해 본 타액 오염 및 실란의 처리 시기에 따른 화학적 변화는 크지 않았다. 접촉각은 타액 오염 후 낮아졌으나 인산으로 산 부식 후 각도가 증가하였다. 전단 결합강도값은 열 순환후의 군에서 미리 실란으로 보호한 경우에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론: 수복물의 내구성에 영향을 미치는 다양한 구강환경과 유사한 조건에서 수복물의 물성평가를 같이 고려해 볼 때 실란 결합제를 이용한 수복물의 접착시 실란 결합제를 수복물에 미리 도포하여 일정시간의 경과 후 수복물을 접착하며, 타액 오염이 발생할 경우 인산으로 수복물을 세척하는 것이 유용한 방법 임을 알 수 있었다

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2004

유사구강 분위기인 인공타액 조건하에서 인공치아용 상부구조물 재료 중 하나인 3Y-TZP를 500~3000 N의 하중 조건으로 $10^6$ 횟수까지 헤르찌안 반복하중을 가하여 그 피로특성을 압입손상과 강도저하현상으로 관찰하였다. 500 N의 하중에서 $5\times10^5$ 반복 횟수까지 피로실험결과, 강도저하 및 균열현상은 관찰되지는 않았지만 반복하중 값이 증가함에 따라 링 균열에서 방사상 균열로 전이되었을 때 급격한 강도 저하현상이 관찰되었다. 또한 강도 저하 현상은 유사 구강분위기하에서 반복 하중 접촉시 발생한 균열을 통해 침투한 인공타액의 화학적 침식으로 가속화 되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 1997

Buccal absorption test of omeprazole in human was performed to determine the permeability of the drug molecule through oral mucous membrane. Oral mucosal adhesive tablets of omeprazole were prepared by compressing the omeprazole with a mixture of sodium alginate and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) as bioadhesive polymers, magnesium oxide (MgO) as a stabilizer and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) or cros-carmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol) as disintegrants. The bioadhesive force, stability in saliva and release characteristics of the tablets were evaluated. Omeprazole was absorbed about 23% in 15 min through human buccal mucous membrane. Furthermore, omeprazole was stable in saliva for more than 8 hrs when MgO was added to the tablet as the amount of 2.5 fold of omeprazole. The release rate of omeprazole was increased with increasing the amount of sodium alginate in the tablet. From these results, it is suggested that tablets composed of [omeprazole/HPMC/sodium alginate/MgO/Ac-Di-Sol and/or Na CMC (20/6/24/50/10) (mg/tablet)] are potential candidate for buccal drug delivery system.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 Streptococcus mutans의 Ag I/II와 glucosyltransferase에 대해 개발된 단일클론항체를 사용한 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans 검출의 효용성을 평가하기 위함이다. 세 군(성인, 미성년자, 그리고 교정치료중인 미성년자)을 대상으로 DMFT, $Dentocult^{(R)}$-SM strip mutans를 이용한 타액내의 colony density (CFU/mL), polymerase chain reaction을 이용한 Sreptococcus mutans와 Sreptococcus sobrinus의 존재여부, 그리고 4가지 단일클론항체를 사용한 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans 검출 실험을 시행하였다. 그 결과 Streptococcus mutans가 Streptococcus sobrinus보다 치아우식 형성에 더 주요하게 작용한다는 것을 입증하였으며, glucosyltransferases (gtf B, gtf C, gtf D)와 Ag I/II에 대한 단일클론항체들의 Streptococcus mutans를 검출해 내는 능력이 $Dentocult^{(R)}$-SM strip mutans나 polymerase chain reaction을 사용한 검출법보다 뛰어남을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2010

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mechanical irrigation in combination with mouthwash of antimicrobial agents on salivary bacterial counts. Materials and Methods: This study was performed with a randomized study employing a panel of 40 healthy volunteers (20 males and 20 females) between the age of 26 and 32 years. Volunteers were randomly put in one of four treatment groups. In the first group, 0.2 mL of non-stimulatory saliva was collected from every subjective person. Then, saliva was collected after rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX) for 1 minute. In the second group, non-stimulatory saliva was collected, and then saliva was collected after rinsing with CHX and irrigation with saline. In the third and fourth groups, the same procedures as the first and second groups were performed with povidone iodine (PVI) instead of CHX. All of these samples were cultured for 48 hours aerobically. The reduction rates of colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated for each group. The reduction rate between each group was tested statistically using student t-test. Results: Using CHX in combination with saline irrigation showed a significant decrease of the salivary bacterial CFU when compared with only using CHX.(P<0.01) And using PVI with saline irrigation showed a little decrease of the CFU when compared with only using PVI, but there was no statistical significance.(P>0.01) Conclusion: It was concluded that the CHX or PVI used with saline irrigation made the salivary bacterial counts reduced more than when CHX or PVI was used alone as an oral antiseptic agent.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2020

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and level of periodontopathic bacteria with the general characteristics and oral health condition of the elderly. Methods: A total of 335 elderly individuals aged 65 years or older who lived in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, were included in the study. Oral examination, investigation through a questionnaire, and collection of saliva were carried out. The collected saliva was analyzed for the distribution and levels of bacteria (red and orange complex bacteria) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS statistical software version 9.4. Results: Among the general characteristics, there were significant differences in the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Parvimonas micra depending on sex, age, and dental visits (p<0.05). The number of remaining teeth and denture use were related to the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria, except T. denticola (p<0.05). Additionally, periodontitis was related to the distribution of P. gingivalis (p<0.05). As the number of remaining teeth increased, the copy number of red and orange complex bacteria also increased (p<0.05). Those individuals who did not use dentures and had periodontal disease had more periodontopathic bacteria (p<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria in the elderly were more related to oral health condition than to general characteristics. In particular, the distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria were higher in subjects with multiple remaining teeth, no dentures, and periodontal disease.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface changes of enamel specimen, tooth structure by toothpastes in child and adult. Methods : Experimental teeth were collected from extracted human primary teeth. 120 enamel specimens were prepared by cutting the teeth into $2{\times}3{\times}2mm$ blocks using diamond saw and the specimens were assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 was used as control with no treatment. Group 2 was treated with child toothpaste and Group 3 was treated with adult toothpaste on primary enamel surface for 3 minutes daily over 4 weeks. The specimens were immersed into individual container having artificial saliva and the artificial saliva was changed every day. The electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA) provided weight percent(wt%) of calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) on enamel surface. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Tukey's test post-hoc test using SPSS(Version 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results : The surface changes of the primary teeth revealed a significant difference during 4 weeks. Calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) levels were found the weight percent difference and a rough enamel surface was seen on SEM after adult toothpaste application. Conclusions : The changes in Ca and P and the morphological surface were affected by the primary tooth treated with adult toothpaste. Enamel surface showed significant differences during 4 weeks.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2012

위염 및 위암 등의 발생과 관련되어 있는 Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)는 구강의 치태와 타액에서 주로 발견이 된다. 유년시절 동안 주로 감염되는 것으로 알려져 있지만 감염경로는 불분명하다. 구강이 H. pylori의 두 번째 서식지로서 전염경로 및 위장내 H. pylori의 제균 후 재감염에 중요한 영향을 끼칠 수 있는지는 논쟁이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 저자는 문헌고찰을 통하여 구강 내에 존재하는 H. pylori에 관하여 알아보고자 하였다. 위장에 존재하는 H. pylori는 위인두반사나 구토에 의해 구강 내 발현될 수도 있으나, 구강과 위의 감염은 서로 관련성이 없는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 진단방법으로는 혈청학적검사, 요소호기검사, 중합효소연쇄반응(polymerase chain reaction: PCR)방법, Urease검사, 조직검사 등이 있으나, 타액과 치태에서는 nested PCR 방법이 주로 추천되어 진다. 구강 내 감염율은 다양하게 나타나며, 치과질환과의 연관성은 없는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 치주질환 환자의 구강 내에서 발현율은 높게 나타나므로, 주의가 요구되며 향균 구강세척제의 사용이 권유된다. 결과적으로 구강 내 H. pylori는 정상세균총으로 사료되며, 향후 구강내 H. pylori에 관한 추가적인 많은 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.