• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-23
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• 1973

To see if the Panax Ginseng has any influence upon the amount of water and food intake, an experiment was carried out using 30 male rats. The animals were divided equally into the ginseng and the saline groups. For 5 days, animals belonging to the ginseng group received every day 0.5 ml/100g body weight of ginseng extract (4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1 ml of saline), while animals belonging to the saline group received the same amount of saline. After the last medication on the 5th day, each animal was accommodated in a cage which was provided with a food well and a water supplier made of glass tube bent $30^{\circ}$ at the tip. The amounts of water and food consumed in the daytime (from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.) and at night (from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. next morning) were measured for 2 days. The ginseng group tended to consume water and food slightly more than the saline group did. However, the difference between the 2 group was far from reaching significancy. The influence of Panax Ginseng upon water and food intake was not evident.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.110-113
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• 2002

Statistical- based, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to chemical data from two underground storage systems containing LPG to assess the usefulness of such technique at the initial stage (Pyeongtaek) or middle stage (Ulsan) of hydrochemical studies. For the first case, both natural and anthropogenic contamination characterize regional groundwater. Saline water buffered by Namyang lake affects as a natural factor, whereas cement grouting influence as an artificial factor. For the second study area, contaminations due to operation of LPG caverns, such as disinfection activity and cement grouting effect, deteriorate groundwater quality. This study indicates that principal component analysis would be particularly useful for summarizing large data set for the purpose of subsurface characterization, assessing their vulnerability to contamination and protecting recharge zones.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2008

1. Objective This study was done to identify the anti-stress effect of Hyeongbangdojeok-san (HDS), Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang(YST) in Soyangin. 2. Methods Experimental animals were composed of YST, HDS+stress groups which were administered each by 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and the Saline+stress group. On the 1st day, making the rats forced swim and on the 2nd day, applying Forced swimming test to the rats. After FST, the levels of Corticosterone in the blood were measured. For the study of learning retardation, memory ability and anxiety reaction, experimental animals were composed of YST, HDS+restraint stress groups which were administered each by 400mg/kg, no stress group and the Saline+restraint stress group. Restraint stress were applied 2 hours a day for 3 weeks. On the last day of the 3rd week, Elevated Plus Maze(EPM) was applied to the groups and Morris Water Maze(MWM) was applied to the groups for 7 days. 3. Results 1. As the results of measuring FST which reflects depression, the YST+stress group and the HDS+stress group showed significant effect in comparison with the Saline+stress group. The levels of Corticosterone in the blood were decreased only in the 400mg/kg YST+stress group. 2. As the results of measuring how long EPM which reflects anxiety reaction stayed in the open arm, there was the trend which can suppress anxiety reaction in the HDS+restraint stress group bur no statistical significance. But there was any suppression of anxiety reaction in the YST+restraint stress group. 3. According to the result of MWM, the saline+restraint stress group showed the learning retardation which means increased time arriving at goal compared to the normal group at the second and third day of measurement. On the contrary, a learning retardation was significantly decreased in the YST+restraint stress group at the third day of measurement. 4. Among the Probe trial test a memory loss occurred in the saline+restraint stress group, but memory ability was significantly increased in the YST+restraint stress group. 4. Conclusion: As the results above, Soyangin Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang has significant influence to the antidepression effect, the learning retardation, the anxiety reaction and also in the Hormone level. Hyeongbangdojeok-san has significant influence to the antidepression effect, in the Hormone level, bur not to the learning retardation and anxiety reaction. prefer to drink cold water, and who are suffering from chronic gastritis.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권1-2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

In the western Weddell Sea, winter mixed layer is characterized by near-freezing temperature and higher salinity due to brine injection through sea-ice formation. This layer becomes Winter Water being capped by warmer and less saline Antarctic Surface Water during the sea-ice melt-ing season. In this study, Winter Water was preliminarily identified by the oxygen isotopic com-positions. The ${\delta}^{18}$O values of Winter Water show the progressively increasing trend from south to north in the study area. It presumably reflects the enhanced mixing with Antarctic Surface Water due to the extent of influence by low S'"0 value of sea-ice/glacier meltwater. Correlations between salinity and 6'"0 values of seawater can be used to more generally characterize Winter Water with a view to identification. However, the prediction on the degree of mixing from these relationships needs more detailed isotope data, although this study allows the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater as a tracer to identify the water mass.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1970

인삼주정추출물이 흰쥐의 몸 무게 증가에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 알기 위하여 각각 32마리의 흰쥐$(35{\sim}40gm)$ 수컷과 암컷을 다시 인삼군과 식염수군으로 나누어 다음과 같이 실험을 하였다. 인삼군에서는 몸 무게 100mg에 대하여 인삼주정추출액(생리적 식염수 1ml속에 4mg의 인삼주정추출물이 포함된 용액)을 0.5ml의 비율로 매일 등뒤 피하에 54일 동안 주사하였으며, 식염수군에는 생리적 식염수를 몸 무게 100gm에 대하여 0.5ml의 비율로 인삼군과 동일한 방법으로 주사하였다. 주사가 시작된 날로부터 3일 간격으로 54일 동안 몸 무게를 비교적 정확한 저울로 달았다. 이를 측정치를 지표로 하여 인삼이 몸 무게 증가에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 인삼 투여 후 30일 까지는 성별에 관계 없이 인삼이 몸 무게 증가에 별로 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2) 인삼 투여 30일 이후 부터는 성별에 관계없이 인삼이 흰쥐의 몸 무게를 현저하게 증가시킨다. 3) 실험시작 30일 이후의 인삼군 수컷의 몸 무게는 인삼군 암컷의 그것 보다 현저하게 증가하였다. 위의 결과들로 미루어 인삼은 흰쥐의 몸 무게를 증가시키는데 촉진적 영향을 미친다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.168-186
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• 1979

Three hundred gram of Korean ginseng root was extracted with 95% ethanol on a boiling water bath for about 300 hr. Evaporation of alcohol yieled 50.2g of dark brown residue which was used by dissolving 4 mg of the residue in 1 ml of physiological saline. The ginseng group and the saline group received each day 0.5 ml per 100 g body weight of ginseng extract and physiological saline, respectively. Both the ginseng and saline group with stress were exposed to positive radial acceleration (1∼29g), cold (5$^{\circ}C$, 0$^{\circ}C$ &-10$^{\circ}C$) and heat (35$^{\circ}C$) environment, and surgical stress. After termination of the last stress, the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, rectal temperature, the number of erythrocyte and leucocyte, hemoglobin level, hematocrit ratio, total serum protein content and it's fraction and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid in the experimental animal exposed to stress were measured and at the corresponding periods, the same measurements were also carried out with the ginseng and the saline groups without stress exposure (serving as control). Results obtained were as follows. 1. Administration of ginseng does depressed the decrease of the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, the number of erythrocyte, hemoglobin value, hematocrit ratio and the A/G ratio in the mice and rats exposed to various stress. 2. The change of the rectal temperature, eosinophile counts, total serum protein content and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid of ginseng group that exposured to various stress facilitates the reaction to, and accelerates the recovery from the stress. 3. Even after hypophysectomy which served the link between the central and the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism, the adrenal ascorbic acid content of ginseng group decreased significantly more than that of the saline group 30 min. after administration of ACTH, while the value approached the normal level significantly closer in the ginseng group than in the saline group 1 and 2 hr after ACTH administration. Judging from the above results, it is concluded that administration of ginseng extract tolerated the experimental animals under the environment of stressfu1 stmuli, although the ginseng has no significant influence upon the stress mechanism in the absence of stressful stimuli. The site of action of the ginseng appears to be in the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism.

• 약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 1985

The influence of polyethylene glycol derivatives on heparin release from cylindrical monolithic type silicone segment devices was examined in physical saline solution. This water-soluble carrier caused the devices to absorb the water in aqueous media. The release rate of heparin from the devices was increased as molecular weight of polyethylene glycol was increased. Water soluble carrier incorporated into silitone segment devices permits controlled release of heparin that otherwise would be released extremly slowly from the polymer. Heparin released from the silicone segment containing polyethylene glycol showed the first-order kinetics. Without changing the release-pattern, the release rate of heparin could be controlled by varing molecular weight of polyethylene glycol, the water-soluble carrier and depleting polyethylene glycol on the outlayer of devices. The mechanism of release probably showed the creation of pore or microdomine through the devices secondary to the swelling.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1981

우리나라 남동부의 광범한 유역을 따라 흐르는 낙동강은 국내에서 가장 긴 하천의 하나로서 영남지역을 굽이쳐 흐르다가 부산 앞바다를 통하여 대한해협에 유입한다. 이 강의 하구는 유역주민의 생활 및 산업용수원으로서 중요할 뿐만 아니라 최근에는 산업입지 및 자연환경 보전문제로서 논의의 대상이 되고 있다. 낙동강은 하구로부터 약 40km상류까지 상향류를 보이며, 약 60km상류까지 조석의 영향을 받는 감조하천으로서 (유 장 1979), 하구역에는 해수, 하천의 담수 및 양자의 혼합수가 조석의 간만등 여러 가지 요인에 따라 유출되기도 하고 유입되기도 한다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2000

This observation was to investigate the influence of raw organic matter incorporated into soil at various rates on hydraulic conductivity and elution of solute throughout soil column. Generally the organic matter content in a practical agricultural field was approximately 3%. However, the application rate of organic matter in the field tends to rapidly increase in these days. Therefore, we raised the application rate of organic matter up to 10% in this investigation. From the experiment, we found that the hydraulic conductivities rapidly decreased with increasing rate of organic matter as well as rapid decrease in total volume of eluent during the same period. And electrical conductivities in the effluent significantly decreased after 2 pore volume, resulting in approaching to the criteria of saline soli. From this we could assume that the organic matter may influence the crop growth in the beginning. However excessive irrigation in the field may cause saturation of soil leading to reduction of soil. Therefore, there must be a management methods in application of organic matter with respect to soil water control.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2005

Complex physical, chemical and biological interactions off the Korean coast created several striking patterns in the phytoplankton blooms, which became conspicuous during the measurements of ocean color from space. This study concentrated on analyzing the spatial and temporal aspects of phytoplankton chlorophyll variability in these areas using an integrated dataset from a Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Advanced Very High Resolution (AVHRR) sensor, and Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor. The results showed that chlorophyll concentrations were elevated in coastal and open ocean regions, with strong summer and fall blooms, which appeared to spread out in most of the enclosed bays and neighboring waters due to certain oceanographic processes. The chlorophyll concentration was observed to range between 3 and $54\;mg\;m^{-3}$ inside Jin-hae Bay and adjacent coastal bays and 0.5 and $8\;mg\;m^{-3}$ in the southeast sea offshore waters, this gradual decrease towards oceanic waters suggested physical transports of phytoplankton blooms from the shallow shelves to slope waters through the influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) along the Tsushima Strait. Horizontal distribution of potential temperature $(\theta)$ and salinity (S) of water off the southeastern coast exhibited cold and low saline surface water $(\theta and warm and high saline subsurface water $({\theta}>12^{\circ}C; S>34.4)$ at 75dBar, corroborating TWC intrusion along the Tsushima Strait. An eastward branch of this current was called the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC), tracked with the help of CTD data and satellite-derived sea surface temperature, which often influenced the dynamics of mesoscale anticyclonic eddy fields off the Korean east coast during the summer season. The process of such mesoscale anticyclonic eddy features might have produced interior upwelling that could have shoaled and steepened the nutricline, enhancing phytoplankton population by advection or diffusion of nutrients in the vicinity of Ulleungdo in the East Sea.