• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2010

To identify and evaluate the risk factors in WMSD work, a number of ergonomic workload evaluation methods have been developed. In the legal examination of WMSD risk factors, simple observational workload evaluation methods are widely used instead of using costly measurement equipments such as EMG and motion analyzer. The simple workload evaluation methods can be categorized into three groups; risk factor checklist methods, posture observation methods, and manual material handling task evaluation methods. In terms of the categories, this survey summarized several representative workload evaluation methods and compared them each other. Then some industrial application cases referring each the workload evaluation methods were surveyed. Due to the characteristics of each method, the selection and application procedure of workload evaluation method should be appropriate for the corresponding work. Therefore, some guidelines for the selection and application procedure of workload evaluation method were suggested.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.101-122
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• 2001

오늘날 대부분의 도서관은 컴퓨터 중심의 워크스테이션 환경을 조성하고 있다. 이에 따른 문제점과 병리 현상이 심각함에도 불구하고 국내 도서관계에서는 컴퓨터 워크스테이션에 대한 기초연구나 조사분석이 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 성인의 표준체위에 근거하여 도서관의 컴퓨터 워크스테이션(테이블과 의자, 모니터와 키보드, 자세와 동작, VDT 조명, 기타 환경요소)을 분석하고 인간공학적 모형을 제시하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.946-948
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• 2003

This paper describes the development of an INS (Inertial Navigation System) integrated positioning system, which can monitor and track the firefighter's position for assisting effective fire-fighting activity and rescue services. The INS consists of highly accurate three-axis gyro sensor and three-axis accelerometer. By integrating an INS to positioning system, it is also possible to obtain the information of firefighter's physical state (e.g. standing, collapse and crouch) of posture including velocity. Consequently, this research would obviously make a contribution to effective rescue activities and safety of firefighters. Besides, this paper presents results from field tests conducted at Tokyo University demonstrating its viability and utility. We also summarize the overall system requirements and architecture, and describe the hardware and software used in the prototype system in detail.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2003

Many risk factors with the onset of Low Back Pain(LBP) have been identified, however, lifting out of Manual Material Handling(MMH) was the most important factor to the LBP. Injuries due to lifting took account for 34.0%(227,291) out of the total overexertion in MMH(668,084). The weight, vertical location, twist angle, lifting frequency, and lifting posture were reviewed in this study. Technical information for using the revised lifting equation to evaluate a variety of two - handled manual material handling tasks was suggested. To measure worker's fatigue in lifting task, Lifting Index Simulator(LIS) was create under the revised NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) lifting equation. For the implementation of the LIS, data was collected in A company manufactures various paints in Si-Wha industrial complex, Kyunggi-Do. The results of the Lifting Index(LI) were analyzed by MANOVA to find the relation with lifting variables collected. It was found that horizontal distance, vertical distance, travelling distance and frequency were significant at the 0.01 level and weight was significant at the 0.05 level. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the chronical low back pain for the manual material handlers.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Ensuring the security of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Industrial Control Systems (ICS) is paramount to safeguarding the reliability and safety of critical infrastructure. This paper addresses the significant threat posed by reconnaissance attacks on SCADA/ICS networks and presents an innovative methodology for enhancing their protection. The proposed approach strategically employs imbalance dataset handling techniques, ensemble methods, and feature engineering to enhance the resilience of SCADA/ICS systems. Experimentation and analysis demonstrate the compelling efficacy of our strategy, as evidenced by excellent model performance characterized by good precision, recall, and a commendably low false negative (FN). The practical utility of our approach is underscored through the evaluation of real-world SCADA/ICS datasets, showcasing superior performance compared to existing methods in a comparative analysis. Moreover, the integration of feature augmentation is revealed to significantly enhance detection capabilities. This research contributes to advancing the security posture of SCADA/ICS environments, addressing a critical imperative in the face of evolving cyber threats.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2013

휴대전화의 이용이 증가하면서, 손에 미치는 전자파의 영향에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. IEC TC106에서도 휴대전화의 전자파 인체 노출량 평가 방법 표준에 손 영향을 반영하기 위하여 국제적인 교류 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 현재 상용화된 손 팬텀은 평균 서양인 손을 이용하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 한 가지 형태의 파지(把持)만 가능하기 때문에, SAR 측정 결과에 대한 분석에 제한이 많은 실정이다. 손의 영향을 제대로 분석하기 위해서는 다양한 형태의 파지가 가능한 손 팬텀이 필요하다. 또한, 국내 환경에 맞는 손 팬텀의 개발이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 형태의 파지가 가능한 835 MHz 대역과 1,800 MHz 대역의 한국인의 젤리형 손 팬텀을 제작하였다. 제작된 손 팬텀의 전기적 특성은 비유전율과 도전율이 CTIA(미국이동통신산업협회) 권고 기준 값의 ${\pm}10%$이내로서, CTIA에서 제시하는 오차 기준(${\pm}20%$)보다 더 우수한 특성을 나타냈다. 또한, 손 팬텀의 3D CAD(3차원 컴퓨터 이용 설계) 파일을 개발하여 손에 의한 SAR 영향 분석을 위한 시뮬레이션에서 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제작된 젤리형 손 팬텀과 3D 파일은 휴대 전화의 손 영향에 대한 연구에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 화재대응능력 향상을 위한 화재모의훈련의 개선방안을 제안하기 위해 3개의 업무시설물을 대상으로 화재모의훈련을 실시하고 훈련 교보재의 활용 여부와 대응단계별 대응시간의 훈련평가 반영 여부에 따라 변화하는 훈련 참여자들의 대응자세 및 대응능력을 관찰 및 분석하였다. 분석결과 대다수의 훈련 참가자들은 훈련 교보재 활용과 대응단계별 대응시간이 훈련평가에 반영될 때 훈련 참여도, 대응자세 및 대응능력이 향상되는 것으로 분석되었다. 화재모의훈련을 실시할 경우 훈련 참여자들의 화재대응능력(화재통보 및 화재신고, 초기소화, 대피) 향상과 유지를 위해 화재발생 상황을 유사하게 구현할 수 있는 훈련 교보재를 다수 활용하고 각 대응단계별 목표시간을 설정한 후 이를 기반으로 정량적인 훈련평가를 하여야만 화재대응능력 향상과 향후 화재모의훈련의 개선 및 피드백에 유용한 지표로 활용될 수 있다는 결과를 도출하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2020

Background: Prolonged sitting at work can lead to adverse health outcomes. The health risk of office workers is an increasing concern for the society and industry, with prolonged sitting work becoming more prevalent. Objective: This study aimed to explore the variation in muscle activities during prolonged sitting work and found out when and how to take a break to mitigate the risk of muscle symptoms. Methods: A preliminary survey was conducted to find out the prevalence of muscle discomfort in sedentary work. Firstly, a 2-h sedentary computer work was designed based on the preliminary study to investigate the variation in muscle activities. Twenty-four participants took part in the electromyography (EMG) measurement study. The EMG variations in the trapezius muscle and latissimus dorsi were investigated. Then the intervention time was determined based on the EMG measurement study. Secondly, 48 participants were divided into six groups to compare the effectiveness of every break type (passive break, active break of changing their posture, and stand and stretch their body with 5 or 10 mins). Finally, data consisting of EMG amplitudes and spectra and subjective assessment of discomfort were analyzed. Results: In the EMG experiment, results from the joint analysis of the spectral and amplitude method showed muscle fatigue after about 40 mins of sedentary work. In the intervention experiment, the results showed that standing and stretching for 5 mins was the most effective break type, and this type of break could keep the muscles' state at a recovery level for about 30-45 mins. Conclusions: This study offers the possibility of being applied to office workers and provides preliminary data support and theoretical exploration for a follow-up early muscle fatigue detection system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2022

Background: Agricultural handle equipment is present on all production areas' farms. They are handy and portable; however, excessive use can lead to acute traumas or accidental injuries. Repetitive movements, awkward postures, and hand-arm vibrations predispose them to pain and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to observe the interaction of handle equipment in terms of electromyographic activity and analyze the postural work-related alterations. Materials and methods: Twenty male agricultural operators, mean age 24±1.54 years, underwent the electromyographic analysis testing their muscular activities with a brushcutter, electric saw, and hedge trimmer in four different test conditions. Results: The brushcutter proved to be the agricultural handle equipment with the higher mean frequency (3.37±0.38 Hz) and root mean square (5.25±1.24 ms^-2). Furthermore, the digital postural analysis showed a general asymmetry of the main arm and the respective side of the trunk. The head resulted right inclined in the anterior frontal plane by 5.7°±1.2°; the right scapula lower than the left in the posterior frontal plane (8.5°±1.8°), and a working trunk inclination of 34.15°±5.7°. Conclusions: Vibrations of handle equipment and awkward working postures represent a risk for agricultural operators. Preventive measures are required to avoid young operators from experiencing musculoskeletal disorders all lifelong.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2007

The purposes of this research are to survey work-related risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) in various departments and tasks at general hospitals in non-manufacturing sectors, and to use basic data derived from the survey results in preventing work-related MSDs in hospital workers. Investigation started in March of 2006 and continued for 6 months in 220 general hospitals at Seoul, Incheon, Kyeongi, and Kangwon area. Investigators visited and interviewed workers in hospitals to identify the presence of tasks of musculoskeletal burden, the investigation results of ergonomic risk factors required by the Occupational Safety and Health Law, statistical analysis from questionnaire for musculoskeletal symptoms, and major departments and tasks that have such risk factors. Twenty-seven percents of hospitals finished the investigation of ergonomic risk factors, and 69% did not do the investigation while remained 4% did not have such factors in their hospitals. The rank order of major departments that had such musculoskeletal burdens was kitchen rooms of 143, managing departments/computer rooms/dispensaries of 137, physical treatment rooms of 109, nursing departments of 96, radiological and clinical laboratories of 63. Eighteen hospitals that did not hold legal duties by the section 148 of labor minister decree practiced prevention programs of MSDs according to the labor-management cooperation. Nursing departments ranked in the first place for the numbers of musculoskeletal symptoms of 438. Managing departments/computer rooms/dispensaries, kitchen rooms, and medical treatment departments held 127, 52 and 45 symptoms, respectively. The magnitude order of physical symptom areas followed shoulder of 185, backs and waist of 166, hand wrists of 120, necks of 110, and legs/feet of 106. The departments and jobs that had major work-related ergonomic risks were patient transporting, central supplying, patient nursing (moving patients into wheel-chairs, changing of patient posture and sheet alteration), manual transporting, operation, and managing/computer departments.