• Title/Summary/Keyword: safety at sea

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Elimination of Harmful Heavy Metals from Sea Lettuce Enteromorpha sp. with Acid Treatment (산 처리에 의한 파래(Enteromorpha sp.)의 유해 중금속 제거)

  • Mok, Jong Soo;Son, Kwang Tae;Lee, Tae Seek;Kwon, Ji Young;Park, Kunbawui;Kim, Ji Hoe
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2017
  • The elimination of harmful heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb) from sea lettuce Enteromorpha sp. was evaluated in filtered seawater over a pH range of 2.0-4.0 using citric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. We also evaluated the quality of sea lettuce samples after release of their internal constituents into seawater solutions containing acids. The heavy metals that accumulated in raw sea lettuce after incubation for 3 days in seawater containing Cd, Cr, and Pb were, in descending order, Pb ($120.45{\mu}g/g$), Cr ($86.04{\mu}g/g$), and Cd ($18.35{\mu}g/g$). The rate of elimination of heavy metals from sea lettuce was higher at lower pH for all of the acids used. However, the color of the sea lettuce changed adversely at below pH 2.5. The heavy metals in sea lettuce samples after 10 min in seawater at pH 3.0 containing the three acids were eliminated in the order Pb (42.2-78.0%), Cd (51.8-55.3%), and Cr (14.0-32.8%). The quality of the sea lettuce was not affected when it was incubated for 30 min at pH above 3.0. The maximum elimination of heavy metals from sea lettuce occurred when it was soaked for 10 min in seawater at pH 3.0 containing citric acid.

Warrantless Searches and Seizures of Vessels at Sea (해상에서 선박에 대한 영장 없는 수색과 압수 - 미국 해안경비대(Coast Guard)의 직무집행과 관련하여 -)

  • Kim, Jong-Goo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.375-383
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the U.S. Coast Guard's origins and powers with respect to the warrantless searches of vessels at sea. In principle, searches and seizures of vessels at sea require a warrant. However, a ship at sea may easily slip away and destroy evidence while authorities attempt to get a warrant. Thus, warrantless searches and safety inspection need to be validated because of the exigent circumstances at the sea. There are also two kinds of exceptions that justify warrantless searches at sea namely, border searhes and administrative searches. These theories in the U.S. will be useful for legislation and law enforcement related to the Korea Coast Guard's mission.

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The Study of the Deaths occurred at Korean sea (우리나라 해상에서 발생한 사망사고 유형에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Il-Pyeong;Park, Hee-Kyung;Chae, Jong-Min
    • Journal of forensic and investigative science
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.67-91
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    • 2007
  • The nature of deaths occurred at sea may be revealed the differences from that in the land, but there is no comprehensive statistical analysis of deaths occurred at Korean Sea so far. Therefore, the cases of deaths or missing in the period 1993 - 2006 were analyzed by the cause, place of death, and results of preliminary investigation. In the period from 1993 to 2006, over 1000 peoples were died or missing every year. The cases of marine safety accidents including self-carelessness and mishap were approached over 60% and cases of homicide were less than 1%. The closure cases of preliminary investigation were reached over 70% and the most of deaths occurred in fishing vessels (the range of 20 ~ 99 tonnage). The suspension cases of preliminary investigation were reached to 70% of all missing and drowning cases. The results showed that the most of deaths occurred at sea could be prevented by the safety regulations including mandatory report of accidents, marine safety education and training, punishment the people responsible for the accidents. For the unidentified bodies, data should be collected and recorded for the future identification. The crime scene investigators should be trained to ensure the quality of their professional skills regularly.

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A Study On the Development of Multi-Purpose Measurement System for the Evaluation of Ship Dynamic Motion (선체 운동 평가를 위한 다기능 계측시스템 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yun-Sok;Kim, Chol-Seong;Kong, Gil-Young;Song, Chae-Uk;Um, Pil-Yong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.1155-1160
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    • 2005
  • In order to evaluate the safety of navigation at sea and the safety of mooring ship on berthing, it is necessary that the wave and wind induced ship dynamic motion should be measured in real time domain for the validity of theoretical evaluation method such as sea-keeping performance and safety of mooring. In this paper, the basic design of sensors is discussed and some system configurations were shown. The developed system mainly consists of 4 kinds of sensors such as three dimensional accelerator, two dimensional tilt sensor, two displacement sensors and azimuth sensor. Using the this measuring system, it can be obtained the 6 degrees of freedom of ship dynamic motions at sea and on berthing such as rolling, pitching, yawing, sway, heave, surge under the external forces.

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A Study on the Application of Coastal Disaster Prevention Considering Climate Change (기후변화를 고려한 연안지역 재해예방기법 적용방안 연구)

  • Lee, Sung Hyun;Kim, Bo Ram;Im, Jun Hyeok;Oh, Kuk Ryul;Sim, Ou Bae
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.369-376
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    • 2018
  • Korea is surrounded by the West Sea, the South Sea, and the East Sea. There are various points at which large and small rivers flow into the sea, and areas where these rivers meet the coast are vulnerable to disasters. Thus, it is necessary to study disaster prevention techniques based on coastal characteristics and the pattern of disasters. In this study, we analyzed the risk factors of disaster districts analyzed in comprehensive plans for the reduction of damage to coastal cities from storms and floods. As a result of standardization, four factors (tide level, intensive rainfall & typhoon, wave, and tsunami) were identified. Intensive rainfall & typhoon occurred along the West Sea, the South Sea, and the East Sea coast. Factors that should be considered to influence disasters are tide level for the West Sea, tsunami and tide level for the South Sea, and wave in the East Sea. In addition, disaster prevention techniques to address these factors are presented, focusing on domestic and overseas cases.

A Study on the Legal Issue of the Application of Navigation Rule for a Collision between Sea-going Vessels and Vessels at Anchor -Focused on Central Maritime Safety Tribunal Decision 2015.1.23. Case No 2015-001- (정박선과 항해선의 충돌사고 시 항법적용에 관한 쟁점 연구 - 중앙해양안전심판원 제2015-001호 재결 사례를 중심으로 -)

  • PARK, Sung-Ho;HONG, Sung-Hwa
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.1761-1771
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    • 2016
  • In respect of the existing relation between Sea-going Vessels and Vessels at anchor, Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal has applied 'Ordinary Practice of Seamen' that is regulated by the article No. 2 of COLREG. That is, general navigation rule is not applied between the two vessels, and the action to avoid collision of vessels by utilizing experience knowledge of the seamen. However, the content of the Ordinary Practice of Seamen included in the revised plan in the process of 2011 "Maritime affairs Safety Act" revision was deleted in the screening of the Office of Legislation due to the reason that it could not specified when the content of deed is not concertized. Furthermore, prior application regulation of international treaty included in the existing "Sea Traffic Safety Act"(Article 5) was deleted in the screening of the National Assembly. So, doubt about whether the Ordinary Practice of Seamen could be continuously applied according to the regulation of the international treaty, nevertheless not specified in domestic law, has been continuously raised. In this situation, recently Central Maritime Safety Tribunal changed precedent by applying of Article 96(3) of Maritime Safety Act without applying Ordinary Practice of Seamen in the Case No. 2015-001. Accordingly, this study intended to review propriety of precedent change and legal issue with the decision of Central Maritime Safety Tribunal excluding Ordinary Practice of Seamen for a collision between Sea-going Vessels and Vessels at anchor.

The International Legal Actions against Maritime Terrorism and its National Countermeasures in Korea (해상테러의 국제법적 규제 및 국내적 대응방안)

  • Lee Yun-Cheol
    • Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.91-110
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    • 2005
  • Maritime terrorism at sea is the form of violent interference with shipping. Its global reach and negative impact on sea transportation, safety of navigation and marine environment, as well as the threat it poses to human lives and property, call for effective countermeasures at the international and national level at the same time. First, this paper gives a factual assessment of the phenomenon of maritime terrorism as well as a legal analysis of the international provisions to suppress such forms of violence at sea which is different from piracy. And also this paper attempts to address and identify issues relevant to the existing international regulations such as SUA Convention as the main source of international regulations applicable to acts of terrorism at sea, ISPS Code, PSI, etc. Finally this paper suggests the national countermeasures against maritime terrorism in light of above mentioned the definition, causes, types of maritime terrorism and concerning international regulations.

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Sleep and Fatigue Among Seafarers: The Role of Environmental Stressors, Duration at Sea and Psychological Capital

  • Hystad, Sigurd W.;Eid, Jarle
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.363-371
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    • 2016
  • Background: Seafaring is an inherently stressful environment. Because working time and leisure time is spent in the same confined environment for a prolonged period of time, many stressors present in seafaring can also be conceived of as chronic. We explored the effects of duration at sea, seafaring experience, environmental stressors, and psychological capital (PsyCap) on the sleep quality and fatigue of seafarers. PsyCap is a construct that draws upon ideas from positive psychology and positive organizational behavior, and is intended to capture an individual's psychological capacities that can be developed and utilized for performance improvements. Methods: We collected survey data from a sample of seafarers working in the offshore re-supply industry (n = 402) and a sample of seafarers working on board combined passenger and cargo ships (n = 340). Results: PsyCap emerged as a robust predictor with statistically significant relations to fatigue and sleep quality in both samples. PsyCap also interacted with duration at sea in explaining fatigue in seafarers working on board the passenger and cargo ships. Seafarers on passenger and cargo ships also reported significantly higher levels of fatigue than those working in the offshore re-supply industry. Conclusion: Coupled with emerging research showing that PsyCap is trainable, our results suggest that maritime organizations could have much to gain by being cognizant of and developing routines for continually developing the PsyCap of their employees.

A study on Maritime Safety Audit(MSA) and it's Guideline (해상교통안전진단제도 및 기술기준 연구)

  • Cho, Ik-Soon;Kim, Kyoung-Mi;Jang, Woon-Jae
    • Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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    • s.28
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    • pp.36-45
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    • 2010
  • While the vessel become bigger and high speed, navigational passages become narrow due to an enlargement of all sorts of new ports, sea-crossing bridges and anchorages, leading to the high probability of marine accidents. Furthermore, a constant increase in the maritime transportation and the traffic volume on the sea led to a variety of sea traffic environments and it is a trend for the demand for the sea transportation environment to increase steadily. At this point of time, the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs introduced the Korea Maritime Safety Laws evaluating the degree that The Safety Audit System for maritime transport, which evaluates the degree that all kinds of port facilities installed temporarily or installed into navigational passages, and the installations and repair constructions of S.O.C. facilities affect ships' traffic safety, was introduced through Korea Maritime Safety Laws and went into effect from November 28th, 2009. This study was performed to introduce an outline including the concept and purpose of the Maritime Safety Audit(MSA) system for maritime transport and the technological guidelines for scientific and standardized enforcement, thereby analyzing the system.

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A Study on the Sea Level Variations in Korean Coastal Area (한국연안해역에서의 해면수위의 변동에 관한 연구)

  • 이경연;김동수;손창배;김창제
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 1999
  • This paper is to estimate the long and short term variations of mean sea level in Korean coastal waters by identifying interrelations among the mean sea level, atmospheric pressure and air temperature along the coast. For this, long-term tidal data observed at tidal and weather observation stations were brought into a statistical analysis. It was noted that, in a general sense, an inverse relationship exists between the sea level and the atmospheric pressure and a positive relationship between the sea level and air temperature, respectively. The maximum difference of monthly mean sea level was in the range of 21 to 25 cm at the eastern and southeastern coasts, meanwhile more than 30 cm being in both in southern and western coasts. It was also noted that mean sea level continues to rise in a long-term basis. Long-term variation of mean sea level trends to rise 0.10 ∼ 0.44 cm per year for each region. However, the long-term variation of mean sea level in the isolated islands shows a different trend, Ullngdo being 0.41 cm fall per year and Chejudo being 0.44 cm rise per year.

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