• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Considering important role of vitamin D in many physiological processes including vestibular system in the ear, aim of present study is to evaluate saccule function via cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Subjects and Methods: After routine audiological tests, cVEMP were recorded in 15 patients with vitamin D deficiency and 16 normal subjects. The short tone burst (95 dB nHL, 500 Hz) was presented to ears. cVEMP was recorded with surface electromyography over the contracted ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Results: Mean of p13, n13, interpeak latencies and amplitude ratios were measured in both groups. Statistical analysis did not show differences between two groups. Conclusions: Maybe serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not low enough to have effect on saccule in the patients in present study or saccule have had low susceptibility to effects of vitamin D deficiency. For better judgment about effect of vitamin D deficiency on saccular function planning studies with high sample size is recommended.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Considering important role of vitamin D in many physiological processes including vestibular system in the ear, aim of present study is to evaluate saccule function via cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Subjects and Methods: After routine audiological tests, cVEMP were recorded in 15 patients with vitamin D deficiency and 16 normal subjects. The short tone burst (95 dB nHL, 500 Hz) was presented to ears. cVEMP was recorded with surface electromyography over the contracted ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Results: Mean of p13, n13, interpeak latencies and amplitude ratios were measured in both groups. Statistical analysis did not show differences between two groups. Conclusions: Maybe serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not low enough to have effect on saccule in the patients in present study or saccule have had low susceptibility to effects of vitamin D deficiency. For better judgment about effect of vitamin D deficiency on saccular function planning studies with high sample size is recommended.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are useful for evaluating the vestibulocollic reflex arising mostly from the saccule and the vestibuloocular reflex originating from the utricle. VEMPs can vary with the characteristics of the applied stimuli and the effects of aging and diseases. VEMPs have been found to be useful for diagnosing superior canal dehiscence, but their usefulness for other clinical disorders remains unclear. This review discusses the principles of VEMP tests and summarizes the findings for VEMPs in common vestibular disorders.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.235-238
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• 1997

Laryngeal saccular cyst may develop when obstruction of the orifice of the saccule occurs with resultant dilatation of saccule. It is classified into anterior saccular cyst and lateral saccular cyst. When saccular cyst occurs in infancy, it usually may cause respiratory distress, inspiratory stridor, cyanosis and dysphagia. In adults, it may cause hoarseness, dyspnea, dysphagia, pain and neck mass. The laryngeal saccular cyst may be treated by its removal with endoscopic or external approach, depending on the classification of saccular cysts, its size and individual patient factor. Recently, we have experienced a case of laryngeal saccular cyst so we report our clinical experience with brief review of literature.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 dehydrocholic acid를 투여한 흰쥐 간세포의 vacuolar apparatus를 세포화학적으로 관찰하고자 하였다. 박절편에서 Golgi 장치의 형성면 수조는 소낭상으로 팽대된 부분이 열지어 있었으며 어떤것은 돌출되어 있었다. 이러한 소낭 모양의 돌출부는 용해소체 표면에서도 관찰되었다. 소포들은 Golgi 장치의 형성면 수조와 용해소채 및 담세관 주위에서 볼 수 있었으며 소포가 담세관에 융합되어 있는 것도 관찰되었다. 이러한 소견들은 dehydrocholic acid 투여 후 20분이 경과된 흰쥐에서 현저하였다. 정상군이나 실험군에서 거의 모든 Golgi 장치의 형성면은 담세관을 향하고 있었다. 박절편에서 Golgi 장치의 형성면 수조와 소낭 모양의 돌출부 및 소포는 가시물질을 거의 함유하고 있지 않았다. Osmium은 이들구조에서 심하게 침착되어 있었다. 용해소체와 그 주위에 있는 소포에서는 acid phosphatase 활성이 나타났다. 그러나 담세관 주위에 있는 소포에서는 osmium의 침착이나 acid phosphatase 활성이 경하게 나타나거나 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 증거들로 미루어 소포는 Golgi 장치의 형성면과 용해소체에서 유래되며 이들소포가 담세관에 융합됨으로서 담즙산이 분비될 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 소포가 담세관에 접근해 감에 따라 소포의 효소활성은 저하되는 것 같이 보인다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.138-140
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• 2007

A laryngocele is relatively uncommon disease, and it has abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal saccule or appendix of laryngeal ventricle. Etiology and pathogenesis of laryngocele has still dabated, but laryngocele has high relationship with glass blower, wind instrument player, chronic cough, laryngeal cancer, etc. We have experienced an unusual case of laryngocele combined with laryngeal carcinoma. We discuss the relationship of laryngocele and laryngeal carcinoma, and the current literature is reviewed.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2017

Mammalian inner ear comprises of six sensory organs; cochlea, utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals. The cochlea contains sensory epithelium known as the organ of Corti which senses sound through mechanosensory hair cells. Mammalian inner ear undergoes series of morphogenesis during development beginning thickening of ectoderm nearby hindbrain. These events require tight regulation of multiple signaling cascades including FGF, Wnt, Notch and Bmp signaling. In this review, we will discuss the role of newly emerging signaling, FGF signaling, for its roles required for cochlear development.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Loud click or tone burst sound can activate vestibular receptor and evoke reflex changes in tonic electromyographic activity within the stenocleidomastoid muscles. This reflex is assumed to originate in the saccule, the afferent pathways being the inferior vestibular nerve, and the efferent pathways the vestibulospinal tract. Averaging these muscular responses allows vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) to be obtained. The earliest response ipsilateral to a loud click, p13n23, is dependent upon vestibular activation, specifically saccular afferents. These new techniques are beginning to be applied clinically in the patient of vestibular neuritis, Meniere's disease, acoustic neuromas, Tullio phenomenon, etc. VEMP recording will provide both a straightforward non-invasive exploration of each vestibule independently and an attractive method by which to explore otolithic receptors and vestibulospinal pathways.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.98-114
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• 1987

Degranulation of the rat peritoneal mast cell induced by intraperitoneal injection of horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was studied using light and electron microscopes. 1. Rat peritoneal mast cells in the Tyrode's buffered salt solution injected control group did not show any particular morphological changes following the specified time course. 2. Under the light microscope, the majority of mast cells observed 10 minutes after HRP injection were nearly the same as those of the control group. However, after 30 minutes, granule densities or staining properties of certain cells began to decrease and these appearances increased gradually until 12 hours after injection, at which time small groups of granules being stained pale-red or pink with toluidine blue were easily identified in the cytoplasm of many cells, and numerous extruded granuleg were scattered around these cells. 3. In the mast cells representing the early stage of degranulation induced by HRP, the electron densities of certain granules decreased as the size enlarged, and perigranular cavities were formed by perigranular membrane expansion. As a result, a thin cytoplasmic septum was formed between the expanded perigranular membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane in the cell periphery, and fusion of the adjacent perigranular membranes was observed in the inner side of the cell. 4. In some mast cells, one or two changes in the peripheral cytoplasmic septum could be seen. One was a focal rupture of the peripheral septum and the other was the formation of a saccule containing one or more vesicles. This saccule was thought to be used for granule-extrusion site and/or material absorptive apparatus judging from the morphological characteristics. 5. As the degranulation proceeded, the granule was extruded from the cell after partial rupture of the peripheral cytoplasmic septum. This phenomenon proceeded to-ward the inner side of the cell through the fused perigranular cavities, and consequently several distinct cavities containing a few unextruded membrane-free granules were formed throughout the cytoplasm after 12 hours. As a rule, the granule-extrusion sites were relatively fewer while the cytoplasmic cavities resulting from degranulation were more numerously observed. Thus, it was thought that the granule-extrusion sites tended to be restricted in the HRP-induced degranulation.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to consider auditory physiological characteristics and to confirm audiological evaluation and interpretation in regards to cases of sensorineural hearing loss that observe an abnormal AB gap. Vestibulosaccular hearing occurs when there is an abnormally large air-bone gap (AB gap) in sensorineural hearing loss, also known as pure cochlear conductive hearing loss. Generally, an AB gap is caused by damage to the external and/or middle ear. In conductive hearing loss, loss of air condition hearing occurs due to a loss of resonance in the outer ear and/or impedance mismatching in the middle ear. Most of these types of hearing loss can be treated medically and surgically. However, there is no medical treatment for an AB gap in sensorineural hearing loss and hearing loss can worsen gradually or suddenly. In addition, many studies have reported that head trauma makes hearing loss even more serious. Therefore, in order to differentiate between conductive hearing losses, it is important to check whether or not there is an enlarged vestibular aqueduct by means of temporal bone computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging.