• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2009

본 연구는 한국의 누룩에서 분리한 Rhizopus sp. ZB9로서 탁주 및 약주 양조에 필요한 쌀 입국을 제조할 때에 배양온도, 배양시간, 증미 수분 함량, 입국 두께, 교반 작업 등의 배양조건이 입국의 당화 아밀라아제 생성에 미치는 영향을 알기 위한 것이다. Rhizopus sp. ZB9를 접종하여 배양조건을 달리하여서 쌀 입국을 제조하고, 각 입국의 당화 아밀라아제 활성도를 측정하였다. 당화 아밀라아제 생성에 적절한 온도범위는 $28{\sim}36^{\circ}C$이었다. 당화 아밀라아제와 입국의 색을 고려한다면 $28^{\circ}C$에서 60시간 배양하는 것이 가장 좋을 것으로 생각되었다. 당화 아밀라아제 생성에 적절한 증미 수분 함량은 35~40%이었고, 입국의 두께가 두꺼워지더라도 당화 아밀라아제 생성에 나쁜 영향을 나타내지 않았으나 배양중의 교반작업은 당화 아밀라아제 생성에 나쁜 영향을 나타내었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.547-552
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• 1990

산업적인 응용을 위한, 생 전분 분해력이 높고 액체 배양에 적용 가능한 균을 토양으로부터 분리한 결과, 옥수수 생 전분 당화 효소 생산력이 높은 곰팡이 No.55 균주를 분리하고 이 균주의 형태적, 생리적, 배양특성을 조사, 균 동정을 행한 결과 No.55 분리균은 Aspergillus niger 또는 그 유연균으로 동정되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1990

In order to obtain the fundamental informations on cellulase of Trichoderma viride QM 9414 for its production and utilization, some physico-chemical properties of the enzyme were reviewed. When T. viride QM 9414 was cultured on wheat bran medium, filter paper-disintegrating and carboxymethyl cellulose-saccharifying activity were increased with the cell growth, and thereafter CMC-saccharifying activity was kept on almost the same leved while filter-paper disintegrating activity was decreased sharply. And B-glucosidase was formed maximally on the late stationary phase of growth. The crude cellulase of cell-free extracts was purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex-G 200 column chromatography and DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. Filter paper-disintegrating, CMC-saccharifying and B-glucosidase activity were purified 10-fold, 47-fold and 38-fold, respectively. The crude enzyme was proved to be a complex of three different enzyme proteins which were showing filter paper-disintegrating, CMC-saccharifying and B-glucosidase activity. The optimal pH of the three enzyme components was alike pH 4.0, and the optimal temperature for CMC-saccharifying, filter paper-disintegrating and B-glucosidase activity were 4$0^{\circ}C$, 45$^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. The Km and Vmax values of CMC saccharifying activity for CMC were 0.485% and 3.10, and the Km and Vmax vallues of B-glucosidase for PNPG were 0.944$\times$10-3M and 0.097, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of filter paper-disintegrating activity for Avicel were determined to be 0.09% and 0.178, respectively. B-Glucosidase activity was competitively inhibited by glucose, and the Ki value for this enzyme was 3.54$\times$10-3M, CMC saccharifying activity was found to be greatly inhibited by cellobiose.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.417-421
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• 1997

Quality of Sikhe, the Korean conventional rice beverage depended on the characteristics of saccharifying activities of various amylases, intrinsic flavour, budding rate and so on. To improve the quality of Sikhe, characteristics of malt produced with wheat, covered barley and naked barley were evaluated. The germination rate of wheat was 82%, but those of naked and covered barley were 69% and 56% for 6 days, respectively. Malt prepared from germinated grains with 1.5~2.0 times length of buds had the highest saccharifying power. when the extraction of enzyme and reducing sugar was carried out at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr, saccarifying power and reducing sugar contents were the highest. Malt of wheat had the highest saccharifying power. Malt of naked barley had higher saccharifying power than that of covered barley. The amylase types of wheat, covered barley and naked barley were similar to $\beta$-amylase.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.166-185
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• 1983

생전분당화효소(生澱粉糖化酵素) 생산능(生産能)이 강력(强力)한 균주(菌株)를 얻기 위하여 Aspergillus niger IFO 8541(NRRL 3112)을 친주(親株)로 하여 연차적(連次的)인 자외선조사처리(紫外線照射處理) 및 NTG 처리(處理)에 의(依)한 인공변이(人工變異)를 시도(試圖)하였다. 그 결과(結果) 효소생산능(酵素生産能) 우수한 2개(個)의 변이주(變異株)를 얻었으며, 이어서 이들 균주(菌株)의 균학적(菌學的) 특징(特徵)을 조사(調査)하고 효소(酵素)의 생산조건(生産條件)과 작용조건(作用條件)을 검토(檢討)하였다. 더욱 생전분당화효소(生澱粉糖化酵素)를 정제(精製)하고 정제효소(精製酵素)의 특성(特性) 등(等)을 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 자외선조사처리(紫外線照射處理)에 의(依)하여 얻은 변이주(變異株) UV-46은 분생자두(分生子頭)의 색(色)이 tan type으로 변(變)하였으며, 밀기울배양시(培養時) 친주(親株)에 비(比)하여 호화전분당화효소(糊化澱粉糖化酵素)의 생산능(生産能)은 약(約) 2배(倍), 생전분당화효소(生澱粉糖化酵素) 생산능(生産能)은 약(約) 1.8배(倍)로 증가(增加)되었다. 2. NTG처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 얻은 변이주(變異株) NG-41은 분생자두(分生子頭)의 색(色)은 약간 엷어졌으나 흑색(黑色)이었으며, 밀기울배양시(培養時) 친주(親株)에 비(比)하여 호화전분당화효소(糊化澱粉糖化酵素) 생산능(生産能)은 약(約) 1.8배(倍) 생전분당화효소(生澱粉糖化酵素) 생산능(生産能)은 약(約) 2배(倍), ${\alpha}$-amylase 생산능(生産能)은 약(約) 3배(倍)로 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 변이주(變異株) 및 친주(親株)의 조효소액(粗酵素液)을 DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography법(法)으로 정제(精製)하여 각각(各各) 2개의 glucoamylase활성(活性) peak와 ${\alpha}$-amylase활성(活性) peak를 얻었다. Glucoamylase I은 호화전분당화효소활성(糊化澱粉糖化酵素活性)만 나타냈으나, glucoamylase II (생전분당화효소(生澱粉糖化酵素))는 생전분당화효소활성(生澱粉糖化酵素活性)과 동시(同時)에 호화전분당화효소활성(糊化澱粉糖化酵素活性)을 나타내었다. 4. 변이주(變異株) UV-46은 glucoamylase II의 생산능(生産能)이 강화(强化)되고, 변이주(變異株) NG-41은 ${\alpha}$-amylase 생산능(生産能)이 특(特)히 강화(强化)된 균주(菌株)였다. 5. 친주(親株) 및 두 변이주(變異株)의 glucoamylase II는 효소화학적(酵素化學的)인 성질(性質)이 동일(同一)한 것이었다. 6. 친주(親株) 및 두 변이주(變異株)에서 얻은 정제(精製) glucoamylase II는 전기영동적(電氣泳動的)으로 단일효소(單一酵素)라고 인정(認定)되었다. 7. 정제(精製)한 glucoamylase II의 결정(結晶)은 능형판상(菱形板狀)이었다. 8. 결정(結晶) glucoamylase II의 분자량(分子量)은 76,000, 등전점(等電點)은 3.4, 작용최적(作用最適) pH는 3.5, 작용최적온도(作用最適溫度)는 $60^{\circ}C$였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제3권
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• pp.9-15
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• 1962

1) Rhizopus균(菌) 8주(株)와 Aspergillus속균(屬菌) 7주(株)의 당화효소생산력(糖化酵素生産力)(전분가수분해율(澱粉加水粉解率))을 비교한 결과 Rhizopus delemar ND 1과 Aspergillus usamii mut. shirousamii의 두 균주(菌株)를 각각 선정(選定)하였다. 2) Rhizopus delemar ND 1은 전분당화율(澱粉糖化率)이 높고 효소전이당(酵素轉移糖)의 생성(生成)이 적으므로 효소당화(酵素糖化) 포도당(葡萄糖)의 제조(製造)에 적합(適合)하고 Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii는 당화율(糖化率)이 약간(若干) 떨어지나 효소전이당(酵素轉移糖)의 생성(生成)이 인정(認定)되므로 특수(特殊)한 풍미(風味)를 필요(必要)로 하는 전분이(澱粉飴) 제조(製造)에 적합(適合)함을 알았다. 3) Rhizopus delemar ND 1의 당화효소(糖化酵素)를 시용(使用)한 예비시험(豫備試驗)에서 정제분말(精製粉末) 포도당(葡萄糖)을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1994

'Nochi' is one of Korean traditional panfried rice cakes made from glutinous rice or millet and malt. The optimum conditions for the preparation of 'Nochi' were investigated. The ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity of malt was 62.5 units/g dry malt and ${\beta}-amylase$ 1.43 units/g dry malt. Reducing sugar content of 'Nochi' increased with the content of malt and saccharifying time. Both the hardness and cohesiveness of 'Nochi', measured by rheometer, were decreased with increasing the content of malt, while adhesiveness and hardness increased with saccharifying time, but cohesiveness decreased. The optimum conditions for the preparation of 'Nochi' were 8.0%(w/w) of malt and 1 hour 45 minutes of saccharifying time.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.408-413
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• 1987

토양으로부터 생 쌀보리 분해 효소 생산능이 있는 170주의 곰팡이와 4주의 방선균을 분리하여 이중 생 쌀보리 분해 효소 생산능이 가장 높은 No. 281 균주를 선정하여 동정한 결과 Rhizopus sp.로 밝혀졌으며, 밀기울을 기본 배지로 한 효소 생산 조건을 검토한 결과 효소 생산 최적 온도는 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH는 4.5-5.0 이고 배양 시간 5일 후에 최고의 역가를 보였다. 생쌀보리를 이용한 무증자 알코올 발효 실험에서는 분리한 Rhizopus sp. No. 281의 효소를 이용했을 때가 시판 효소보다도 에탄올 생성이 2% 증가된 결과를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제2권
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• pp.17-21
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• 1961

The manufacture of riboflavine fortified Dwen-Jang has been tried with an exceedingly riboflavine productive Aspergillus oryzae #612 mutant which has been developed by the authors. Both the rice and barley koji of this mutant and Aspergillus sojae have been prepared. Their riboflavine production, saccharifying and protease activities have begin compared The riboflavine fortified Dwen-Jang has been manufactured using the barley koji of riboflavine productive mutant. Their riboflavine content and qualities have been studied comparing with an ordinary Dwen-Jang which has been prepared with the barley kojo of A. sojae strain. The following results have been obtained. (1) The baley koji was superior in riboflavine production and protease activity, inferior in saccharifying ability than rice koji both with A. oryzae #612 and A. sojae. (2) In barley koji, the mutant, A. oryzae #612, produces 1.5 times riboflavine than A. sojae and shows stronger saccharifying and protease activities than the latter. (3) The riboflavine fortified Dwen-Jaug manufactured contained $5.2{\gamma}/g$ of riboflavine, about 1.5 times that of A. sojae. The higher contents of free sugar and free amjno nitrogen have been observed than the ordinary Dwen-Jang manufactured with A. sojae.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 1991

Mutation experiments were performed to select the mutant of Aspergillus niger 55, which had lost almost all the ability to produce transglucosidases but retained that of high productivity of raw meal saccharifying enzyme, by means of successive induction with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), ultraviolet(UV) light, and ${\gamma}$-rays. Also, we used the mutant enrichment techniques, such as liquid culture-filtration procedure and differential heat sensitivity of conidia, in order to increase the possibility of obtaining a mutant. The glucoamylase productivity of mutant PFST-38 was 11 times higher than that of the parent strain. The mutant PFST-38 was morphologically identical to the parent strain, except for the size of conidia, the tendency to form conidia and the lenght of conidiophore. Asp. niger mutant PFST-38 apeared to be useful for the submerged production of the raw corn meal saccharifying enzyme.