• 제목/요약/키워드: s-PVA

검색결과 226건 처리시간 0.018초

Addition of Macromolecules to PZM-3 Culture Medium on the Development and Hatching of In vitro Porcine Embryos

  • Kim, J.Y.;Kim, S.B.;Park, M.C.;Park, H.;Park, Y.S.;Park, H.D.;Lee, J.H.;Kim, J.M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권12호
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    • pp.1820-1826
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    • 2007
  • In this study, we conducted various experiments in order to develop enhanced cultural conditions for in vitro-produced porcine embryos. All embryos were produced by in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of immature oocytes from abattoir-derived ovaries. In experiment 1, we cultured IVF embryos in 4 different groups, namely, 0% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3% BSA, 0.05% Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and 0.5% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) added to the basal fluid cultural medium, Porcine zygote medium 3 (PZM-3). The rates of embryo development were higher in the group where the PZM-3 media had been supplemented with 3% BSA than the other groups. While not statistically significant, the percent of blastocysts and hatched blastocytes were 6.9% and 25.0% in the 3% BSA group vs. 1.2-6.4% and 0-16.7% in the other groups, respectively. In experiment 2, we added 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to PZM-3 on day 0 of culture and observed the development rate of blastocysts per day of culture from days 0 to 5. The development rate of blastocysts was higher at 15.6% on day 4 than on any other day, and was significantly higher than on day 0 or day 1 (p<0.05). The development rate of hatched blastocysts was 26.7% on day 4, and was higher than on any other day. In experiment 3, we cultured IVF embryos with different fluid culture media, grouped as 1) PZM-3+0.3% BSA (day0-day7); 2) PZM-3+0.3% BSA${\rightarrow}$day-4) PZM-3+10% FBS; 3) PZM-3+0.3% BSA${\rightarrow}$PZM-3+0.3% BSA+(day-4) FBS 10%; and 4) PZM-3+0.3% BSA+10% FBS (day0-day7). The development rates of blastocysts and hatched blastocysts were 21.5% and 53.1% in group 3, respectively, which was significantly higher than group 4 with respect to blastocyst development (5.2%, p<0.05) but not hatched blastocysts (14.3%). The total cell number (TCN) of blastocysts in group 3 was higher at $37.8{\pm}16.1$ than the other groups at $16.8{\pm}4.4$ - $30.1{\pm}10.9$; however, this was not significantly different. The results of this study showed that PZM-3 containing 0.3% BSA and supplemented with FBS during the later stage of culture on day 4 resulted in better TCNs and an increased rate of hatched blastocysts.

Comparison of Semen Characteristics, Frozen-Thawed Sperm Viability, Testosterone Concentration and Embryo Development between Yorkshire Boar A and B

  • Yi, Y.J.;Lee, S.H.;Park, C.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.612-616
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    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to compare the semen characteristics, frozen-thawed sperm viability and testosterone concentration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and development of in vitro matured pig oocytes between two Yorkshire boars. Semen and blood samples were collected once per week from October to November 2002 from two adult Yorkshire boars at 18 months of age with 170 kg body weight. Sperm were deep frozen in 5 ml maxi-straws with lactose-egg yolk and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (LEN) diluent and stored in liquid nitrogen. Blood samples were obtained at 10 a.m. by inserting a 21 gauge, hypodermic needle attached to 10 ml syringe into surface veins in the ear. The concentration of testosterone was determined by Competitive Enzyme Immunoassay. Ovaries were collected from prepubertal gilts at a local slaughter house. Cumulus oocyte complexes were aspirated from antral follicles (3 to 6 mm in diameter). The medium used for oocyte maturation was modified TCM 199. After about 22 h of culture, oocytes were cultured without cysteamine and hormones for 22 h at $38.5^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air. For IVF, one frozen 5 ml straw was thawed at $52^{\circ}C$in 40 sec and was diluted with 20 ml Beltsville thawing solution at room temperature. Sperm were washed 2 times in mTLP-PVA and inseminated without preincubation after thawing. Oocytes were inseminated with $2{\times}10^7$/ml sperm concentration. Oocytes were coincubated for 6 h in 500 ${\mu}$l mTBM fertilization medium. At 6 h after IVF, oocytes were transferred into 500 ${\mu}$l NCSU-23 culture medium for further culture of 48 and 144 h. There were no significant differences in the semen volume, motility, normal acrosome morphology and sperm concentration of raw semen between A and B of Yorkshire boar. However, motility and normal acrosome of boar A were higher than those of boar B at 0.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h incubations of frozen-thawed sperm. Testosterone concentration (3.75 ng/ml) of boar A was higher than that (2.34 ng/ml) of boar B. The rate of blastocyst formation (15.1%) of boar A was higher than that (10.4%) of boar B. In conclusion, serum testosterone concentration of boar showed very important role for the frozen-thawed sperm viability and the blastocyst formation of pig oocytes matured in vitro.

感光性 樹脂에 關한 硏究 (第10報). Naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl Esters의 感光性과 分光感度 (Studies on Photosensitive Polymers (X). Studies on Photosensitivity and Spectral Sensitivity of Naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl Esters)

  • 심정섭;강두환
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.269-279
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    • 1975
  • 合成한 pllyglyceryl phthalate, bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin 축중합물과 polyvinyl alcohol의 naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl esters(PGND, BEND 및 PVAND)의 感光特性을 지배하는 諸因子를 이들에 대한 光照射前後의 溶解度 차이에 의하여 檢討하였다. 유리 또는 石英支持薄板上에 塗布한 各試料를 各種條件下에서 露光하고 알카리 水溶液에 침지시킨 다음 塗布된 필림의 殘膜收率(W/W0)을 計算하였다. 필름의 感光度와 직접적인 관계가 있는 殘膜收率은 母體樹脂의 重合度, 增感劑의 種類 및 添加濃度에 따라 영향이 있었다. 母體樹脂의 重合度가 크면 클수록 感光性이 더 우수하였으며, 增感劑의 添加濃度는 5%일때가 가장 좋은 效果를 나타내었다. PGND, BEND 및 PVAND에 대해 본실험에서 사용한 各種 增感制 중에서 가장 效果的인 것은 benzanthrone, 5-nitroacenaphthene, picramide이였다. 이들 樹脂와 增感劑를 添加한 경우의 固相에 있어서의 紫外線吸收스펙트럼과 感色性 寫眞을 각각 비교 검토하여 그 增感과 分光感度的 特性을 糾明하였다. PGND, BEND 및 PVAND는 使用한 增感制에 의하여 光學增感하였으며 增感效果가 현저한 것일수록 그 感光波長城이 長波長쪽으로 伸張하였다. 未增感, 增感試料에 있어서 分光吸收 極大 波長城과 分光感光極大波長城이 거의 一致하고 있는 점으로 보아 試料 樹脂들에 의해서 吸收된 波長城의 光은 그 分野에 有效하게 使用되고 있음을 확인하였다

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왕겨펠렛 생물담체 개발 및 이를 이용한 bio scrubber형 악취제거 시스템 성능평가 (Developmemt of Rice Husk Pellets as Bio-filter Media of Bio Scrubber Odor Removal System)

  • 배지열;한상종;박기호;김광수
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.554-566
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    • 2018
  • The rice husk contains nutrients which can be easily utilized by microorganisms, and also has a water retaining ability, which played a crucial part in enabling it to become a biofilter media. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of rice husk pellet bio-scrubber as a microbiological carrier. The pelletization experiment of rice husk as a biological media was performed using PVA and EVA binder. Also, the feasibility tests of rice husk as a biological media for odor removal were carried out in order to know whether rice-husk contains useful components as a media for microbiological growth or not. Lastly, a combined test for odor gas absorption and biological oxidation was conducted using a lab scale bio-filter set-up packed with rice-husk pellets as wet-scrubber. The major components of the rice husk were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, while carbon acted as the main ingredient which comprised up to 23.00%. The C : N : P ratio was calculated as 45 : 1 : 2. Oxygen uptake rate, yield and decay rate of the rice husk eluent was calculated to be $0.0049mgO_2/L/sec$, 0.24 mgSS/mgCOD and 0.004 respectively. The most stable form of rice husk pellets was produced when the weight of the rice husk, EVAc, PVAc, and distilled water was 10 : 2 : 0.2 : 10. The prepared rice husk pellets had an apparent density of 368 g/L and a porosity of 59.00% upon filling. Dry rice husks showed high adsorption capacity for ammonia gas but low adsorption capacity for hydrogen sulfide. The bio-filter odor removal column filled with rice husk pellets showed more than 99.50% removal efficiency for NH3 and H2S gas. Through the analysis of circulation water, the prime removal mechanism is assumed to be the dissolution by water, microbial nitrification, and sulfation. Finally, it was confirmed that the microorganisms could survive well on the rice husk pellets, which provided them a stable supply of nutrients for their activity in this long-term experiment. This adequate supply of nutrients from the rice husk enabled high removal efficiency by the microorganisms.

평면 소자형 락테이트 바이오센서 (Planar microchip-based lactate biosensor)

  • 하정한;허황;강태영;이용석;윤순호;신정원;남학현;차근식
    • 분석과학
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.482-489
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    • 2006
  • Pediococcus에서 추출된 lactate oxidase(LOD)를 poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)에 고정화하여 2전극계로 구성된 lactate 바이오센서를 제조하였다. Lactate는 LOD 효소와의 반응에서 생성되는 $H_2O_2$를 전기화학적으로 금(Au)위에 형성시킨 Pt-black 층에서 산화시켜 정량 할 수 있었다. Pt-black으로 만들어진 센서는 과산화수소에 대해서 낮은 전위(+300 mV vs. Ag/AgCl)에서 큰 산화전류를 보여주었으며, ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, uric acid 등과 같이 산화되기 쉬운 산화 종들의 영향을 감소시켜주었다. 외부보호막으로는 다양한 종류의 친수성 폴리우레탄을 사용하였다. 센서는 in vitro 방식으로 흐름계와 비흐름계 모두에서 성능을 평가하였다. 제작된 센서는 0.05 M NaCl을 포함하는 0.05 M 인산염 완충용액(pH 7.6)에서 성능을 시험하였으며, 0.1 mM에서 9.0 mM의 lactate 농도구간에서 직선적 감응성을 나타내었다. 최적화된 센서는 $4^{\circ}C$ 완충용액에 보관하였으며, 25일 이상 감응도(sensitivity)가 거의 변화하지 않았다.

캔버스 차단층(Size Layer)의 재료특성 및 기능평가 연구 (A Study on the Material Characteristics and Functionality Evaluation of a Size Layer of a Canvas)

  • 김환주;이화수;정용재
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.167-178
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    • 2016
  • 유화의 구성 조건 중 차단층은 작품보존에 중대한 영향을 미치는 부분이나, 차단층의 역할 및 재료에 대한 보존과학적 접근은 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 문헌자료 및 유화작품의 구조별 분석 결과를 근거로 표준시료를 제작하였으며, 방습성 평가 및 가속열화실험을 통해 차단층 재료의 기능을 평가하였다. 문헌자료 조사 결과, 과거부터 차단층으로 이용되어온 재료는 아교이고, 현대로 넘어오면서 합성수지가 병용되고 있으며, 특히 Polyvinyl Acetate(PVAc)가 널리 사용되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유화작품 분석 결과, 지지체의 표면에서 차단층이 확인되었으며 차단층 재료는 아교로 동정되었다. 바탕칠층 안료는 Funaoka canvas를 기준으로 분석한 결과, 산화납과 산화타이타늄이 주요 구성성분인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 표준시료를 제작하여 차단층 재료의 기능평가를 수행한 결과, 아교의 경우 낮은 수축률을 보였으나, 방습성, 색도, 그리고 인장강도에서 다소 취약한 것으로 나타났으며, 조밀한 균열이 확인되었다. PVAc(A)의 경우 방습성, 색도, 그리고 인장강도에서 안정적인 결과를 나타냈으나, 높은 수축률과 넓은 간격의 균열이 확인되었다. PVAc(B)의 경우 인장강도, 수축 팽창률, 그리고 표면관찰에서 안정적인 결과를 나타낸 반면, 방습성에서 취약한 결과를 보였다. 각각의 차단층 재료별로 상이한 결과가 나타난 것은 차단층 재료의 친수성과 소수성, 분자 간의 밀도와 접착 특성에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과는 향후 유화작품 보존을 위한 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.