• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2018

Background: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management. Methods: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed. Conclusion: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.361-387
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• 2010

China has been the number one target of anti-dumping cases. In the middle of 1990s, China began to make anti-dumping rules to protect its domestic markets. The first anti-dumping regulation was mentioned in 1994 and the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy regulation was published in 1997. In 2001, China entered into the WTO and as a member of WTO, China is obliged to revise its anti-dumping rules in accordance with WTO's requirements. After that China amended anti-dumping rules in 2004 and it is still valid. Even though China makes considerable efforts to make the rules to be consistent with WTO Rules, China is still facing various difficulties such as lack of transparency, absence of definite deadlines, mismatch between rules, lack of clear interest criteria, overly hard questionnaires and inadequacy of judicial review and non-market economy. This paper deals with the current situation of anti-dumping system in China and the scheme of antidumping law and regulations and the main contents of that law and regulations. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the enhancement of China's anti-dumping rules by studying the problems and solutions of the anti-dumping rules in China.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.223-240
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• 2022

Anti-circumvention rules were discussed profoundly during the Uruguay Round and the DDA negotiations, although WTO members failed to reached an agreement to introduce it to the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. However, as the cases of circumvention of anti-dumping duties increase, a number of countries have enacted anti-circumvention regulations as part of their anti-dumping laws. This study aims to analyze anti-circumvention rules from the perspective of WTO law. After overviewing the object and purpose of anti-dumping and anti-circumvention regulations, it examines anti-circumvention regulations of the US, the EU, and India. Next, the study explores the possible WTO-inconsistent aspects of those regulations. Then, it discusses whether it would be preferable for countries not equipped with anti-circumvention regulations, such as Korea, to have one. Thereafter, this study proposes Korean government to introduce anti-circumvention rules into its anti-dumping law.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to suggest rules and regulations about a bike parking facility, With the objective of expanding bike parking facilities for the comfort of bikers. In Korea, the requirements to establish the facility comply with several regulations like laws for the encouragement of bike usages, rules and regulations for the encouragement of bike usages, regulations of Gyeonggi Regional Corporation rules and Korea National Housing Corporation(Korea Land and Housing Corporation) and requirements for the approval of green buildings. Such rules regulate the number of parking spots depending on the number of nearby houses and the size of a parking facility. Amongst the foreign regulations about the facility is 'obligatory regulations for the establishment of a bike parking facility' in Japan. In the United States, all states apply rules about the bike facility to determine the number of bike parking spots in accordance with the number of car parking spots. Comparing Korean rules regarding the bike parking facility with those of foreign governments will give a good insight into the current situation of Korean regulations. In order to investigate the current usage of bikes, 30 houses in Goyang city, 35 schools, 16 retails shops and 20 medical centers were researched. Thereafter, a correlation test between the size of buildings and the number of bike parking spots was carried out. The result of the test indicates that there is a lack of space for bike parking. It is recommended that the bike parking facility be installed with a convenient access to a building in order to increase the rate of bike usages.

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.31
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• pp.60-70
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• 2011

The slamming impact pressures at the bottom area of the Open60' are evaluated by the rules and regulations of various organizations - ISO and classification societies. The enhanced performance of the modern racing yacht in terms of speed which achieves well over 20 knots needs special consideration. The calculated design impact pressures are compared a experimental results. Severe difference can be found in these calculation results but the final conclusion shall be obtained after the scantling calculation under the evaluated design impact pressure so far.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2015

International organizations and classification societies established rules and regulations to which shipbuilders and ship operators should comply during design, construction, even operation keeping from hazard to life of crews and ocean environment. Hence, rules and regulations could be guidelines for design and construction of ship sometimes. In practical wise, ship structure designers be predisposed to design lightest and easy-to-product structures which satisfy rules and regulations. Therefore, changes of rules and regulations are remarkably important issue to related industries. In 2006, IACS established and released Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carrier and Common Structural Rules for Double Hull Oil Tanker. These CSRs are consolidated and unified rules of class society's rules. But these two rules are different from each other. IACS has plan to release unified rule of two ship type called Harmonized Common Structural Rule for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers. This new rule will be effective from July 2015. Hence, bulk carrier and double hull oil tanker whose contract date is on and thereafter July 2015 should be complied with CSR-H. Therefore, it is highly important to be aware of consequences and cause of consequences with respect to CSR-H. The object of this research is to compare requirements of structure scantling in way of midship area for selected target ship according to CSRs and CSR-H and to analysis cause of deviation between two rules.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

The leisure life pattern of people is changing to a familial and enthusiastic way that eventually develops the camping culture. Thus, the number of campers and the size of camping market have been dramatically increased due to significant expansion of camping people. However, many camp grounds and facilities are operating without a proper registration by government rules and regulations. In addition, many of electronic and gas equipment and tools are not used in a safe way and in a safety regulatory boundary. Therefore, campers at the camping ground is situated in a fire and safety hazard. In addition, there is limitation in rules and regulations associated with camping ground safety and fire. This study analyzed the fire and hazard guidelines and rules regulations of developed countries of campground and compared them to the current situation in South Korea. Therefore, this study is to develop a safety and fire hazard guidelines and rules and regulations related to camp ground operation, gas and electronic equipment operation and management. The study will eventually reduce the future fire and safety incidents in a campground in South Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.575-580
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• 2005

In this study, safety requirement & criteria for high-speed rail system were developed for safety verification as a national rules and regulations. Safety criteria were presented through analysis of high-speed rail development specification, survey of related regulations for safety requirements. and review of operation compatibility with domestic rail system. Finally, safety rule consist of system safety requirements and safety criteria for technical parts.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.20
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• pp.83-112
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• 2003

This study primarily concerns the Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002, focusing on the newly amended rules of the Sale of Goods Act(1979). It describes and analyzes the provisions of Regulations 2002 in a comparative way in order to provide legal advice to the sellers who plans to enter into English consumer markets. It also attempts to compare the rules of Regulations 2002 with those of CISG and to evaluate them in light of the discipline of Law and Economics the basic question of which is whether a solution from one jurisdiction may enhence 'efficiency', serving the goal of reducing negotiation costs through providing a set of default terms, and through imposing an efficient solution which may assist value maximizing exchange where disputes arise.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.27-48
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• 2022

This paper reconsiders the empirical evidence of the relationship between tax treaties and FDI using U.S. outbound FDI to 78 countries over the period of 2007-2018. Unlike previous studies, we explicitly consider differences in the tax environments of recipient economies, including their tax-haven status, transfer pricing rules, CFC rules and anti-avoidance regulations, in our estimations. Our results confirm the importance of controlling for country-specific tax environments, especially the tax-haven status and transfer pricing rules. We find that tax treaties positively contribute to FDI inflows in developing countries, while they have no statistically significant impacts on OECD countries. Recently signed tax treaties still foster FDI but less than older ones do. Finally, our results indicate, all other things being equal, that the weaker the transfer pricing regulations, the greater the amount of U.S. direct investment into a non-OECD economy.