• Language and Information
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2005

This paper discusses the distribution of a null complementizer C, as opposed to an overt counterpart 'that', presenting empirical support both for and against the PF-merge analysis of C proposed by Boscovic and Lasnik (2003, henceafter B&L) who in turn attribute to the proposal in Pesetsky (1992) and Halle & Marantz (1993). In Section I, as a background, I discuss B&L's proposal that a null complementizer C is a PF-affix which undergoes a PF-merger operation at the PF component. In Section 2, after a brief sketch of the distribution of a null C mostly in bare-relatives, I explore the possibility of extending B&L's analysis to accomodate the null C's in the bare-relative constructions. In Section 3, I argue that despite some empirical difficulties, B&L's analysis of a null C as a PF-affix can still be maintained, if Adverb Fronting is an operation to Spec-C position. Furthermore, I propose a rule - PF Spell-Out Constraint - to account for the C-trace (i.e. that-trace) effect in relative constructions. With the PF Spell-Out Constraint and B&L's PF-merge account, the distribution of a null C can better be analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2014

We discuss the implementation of a compiler for an imperative programming language, using monad in Haskell. This compiler involves a recursive-descent parser conducting nondeterministic parsing, in which backtracking occurs to try with other rules when the application of a production rule fails to parse an input string. Haskell has some strong facilities for parsing. Its algebraic types represent abstract syntax trees in a smooth way, and program codes by monad parsing are so concise that they are highly readable and code size is reduced significantly, comparing with other languages. We also deal with the runtime environment of the assembler and code generation whose target is the Stack-Assembly language based on a stack machine.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2008

Various coding styles for C language have been proposed so far but there has been a lack of synthetic review about them. In this paper, I propose a new C coding style by analyzing coding rules that are included in the representative C coding styles and by adding new coding rules besides them. In addition, I designed an automated C coding style checker named CStyler which was implemented using Lex and Yacc. It is designed to be able to verify unpreprocessed source code as well as preprocessed source code. And I improved its flexibility by being able to add a new coding rule by end user. I think that the new C coding style and coding style checker, CStyler, can be utilized for education and for future research to develop and extend a static analysis tool.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

After automatic translation system for hangul's romanization based on the World Wide Web converting korean-word. sentence, document to Transliteration letters by applying algorithm based phonological principles. even though a user do not know the basic principles of the usage of Korean-to-Romanization notations. It refers to corresponding character table that has been currently adopted the authority's standard proposition for Korean-to-Romanization notation rule concurrently, add to make possible to convert a machinized code as well. It Provides font for toggling Korean-English mode, insert-edit mode by assigning ASCII codes are hardly used to them. This program could be made in C++ programming language and Unified Modeling Language to implement various font. font-expanding and condensing, alternative printing.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-160
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• 2019

In this research, we attempt to suggest the differences between Korean translation and the North Korean translation of the game 'Paper, Please'; moreover, we will consider about the effect of language and image on localization through this. North Korean language and cultural contents in 'Paper, Please' are evaluated well by many people that they show real life of North Korea even though there are some errors like loanword translations and using anachronic symbol, 'Kaksital' as secret organization. Through the research, we could know that people could concentrate on cultural contents by images and motives without critical errors so have fun.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2022

A smart tourism chatbot is needed as a user interface to efficiently provide smart tourism services such as recommended travel products, tourist information, my travel itinerary, and tour guide service to tourists. We have been developed a smart tourism app and a smart tourism information system that provide smart tourism services to tourists. We also developed a smart tourism chatbot service consisting of khaiii morpheme analyzer, rule-based intention classification, and tourism information knowledge base using Neo4j graph database. In this paper, we develop the Korean and English smart tourism Name Entity (NE) datasets required for the development of the NER model using the pre-trained language models (PLMs) for the smart tourism chatbot system. We create the tourism information NER datasets by collecting source data through smart tourism app, visitJeju web of Jeju Tourism Organization (JTO), and web search, and preprocessing it using Korean and English tourism information Name Entity dictionaries. We perform training on the KoBERT-CRF NER model using the developed Korean and English tourism information NER datasets. The weight-averaged precision, recall, and f1 scores are 0.94, 0.92 and 0.94 on Korean and English tourism information NER datasets.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.289-294
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• 2022

의존구문분석은 문장을 의존관계(의존소-지배소)로 분석하는 구문분석 방법론이다. 현재 사전학습모델을 사용한 전이 학습의 딥러닝이 좋은 성능을 보이며 많이 연구되지만, 데이터셋에 의존적이며 그로 인한 자료부족 문제와 과적합의 문제가 발생한다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 언어학적 지식에 기반한 강화된 지배소-의존소 제약규칙 에지 알고리즘을 심층학습과 결합한 모델을 제안한다. TTAS 표준 가이드라인 기반 모두의 말뭉치로 평가한 결과, 최대 UAS 96.28, LAS 93.19의 성능을 보였으며, 선행연구 대비 UAS 2.21%, LAS 1.84%의 향상된 결과를 보였다. 또한 적은 데이터셋으로 학습했음에도 8배 많은 데이터셋 학습모델 대비 UAS 0.95%의 향상과 11배 빠른 학습 시간을 보였다. 이를 통해 심층학습과 언어지식의 결합이 딥러닝의 문제점을 해결할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.416-425
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• 1999

복잡한 무결성 제약 조건을 효율적으로 확인하기 위해 제약 조건들을 룰 베이스(rule base)에 저장하고 별도의 룰 관리 시스템과 제약 조건 관리 시스템을 통해 제약 조건을 확인하는 기법이 많은 연구자들에 의해 연구되고 발표되었다. 그러나 제약 조건 관리 시스템이 실행시간에 응용 프로그램을 항상 모니터링하고 있다가 데이타의 수정이 요청될 때마다 개입하여 프로세스를 중단시키고 관련 제약 조건을 확인하는 기존의 방법들은 처리 시간의 지연을 피할 수 없다. 본 논문은 컴파일 시간에 제약 조건 확인 코드를 응용 프로그램에 미리 삽입할 것을 제안한다. 응용 프로그램 자체 내에 제약 조건 확인 코드가 삽입되기 때문에 실행 시간에 다른 시스템의 제어를 받지 않고 직접 제약 조건의 확인 및 데이타베이스의 접근이 가능해져서 처리 시간의 지연을 피할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 어떤 구문이 제약 조건의 확인을 유발하는 지를 추적하였고, 컴파일러가 그러한 구문을 어떻게 전처리 과정에서 검색하는지 그리고 그러한 구문마다 어떻게 해당 제약 조건 확인 코드를 삽입할 수 있는 지를 객체지향1) 데이타베이스 언어인 Objectivity/C++에 대해 gcc의 YACC 코드를 변경함으로써 보여 주었다.Abstract To cope with the complexity of handling integrity constraints, numerous researchers have suggested to use a rule-based system, where integrity constraints are expressed as rules and stored in a rule base. A rule manager and an integrity constraint manager cooperate to check the integrity constraints efficiently. In this approach, however, the integrity constraint manager has to monitor the activity of an application program constantly to catch any database operation. For each database operation, it has to check relevant rules with the help of the rule manager, resulting in considerable delays in database access. We propose to insert the constraints checking code in the application program directly at compile time. With constraints checking code inserted, the application program can check integrity constraints by itself without the intervention of the integrity constraint manager. We investigate what kind of statements require the checking of constraints, show how the compiler can detect those statements, and show how constraints checking code can be inserted into the program, by modifying the GCC YACC file for Objectivity/C++, an object-oriented database programming language.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.271-277
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• 2020

Machine translation refers to software that translates a source language into a target language, and has been actively researching Neural Machine Translation through rule-based and statistical-based machine translation. One of the important factors in the Neural Machine Translation is to extract high quality parallel corpus, which has not been easy to find high quality parallel corpus of Korean language pairs. Recently, the AI HUB of the National Information Society Agency(NIA) unveiled a high-quality 1.6 million sentences Korean-English parallel corpus. This paper attempts to verify the quality of each data through performance comparison with the data published by AI Hub and OpenSubtitles, the most popular Korean-English parallel corpus. As test data, objectivity was secured by using test set published by IWSLT, official test set for Korean-English machine translation. Experimental results show better performance than the existing papers tested with the same test set, and this shows the importance of high quality data.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.71-79
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• 2009

This research understands semantics-system in contemporary space design as a poetic form. It provides that the possibility of various interpretation of space and makes to escape from insipid formal logic of compulsion uniform meaning. In order to unfold this argument, poetic semantics system has to be revealed using conversion of articulation factors in text of space(semantics and syntax). First of all, after setting up the articulation system of space language, we have to understand the conversion of articulation factors that generate a new grammar breaking up the rule of old syntax. And the various expression of form in Contemporary Space design focuses on a poetic expression, that is, the abstraction system fused by space factors(conversion of articulation system). In this method of research to recognize the subject of space in architecture, the importance of interpretation has to be highlighted, as the importance of language is emphasized that intermediates between object and interpretation. The reason to recognize Contemporary space design as a text is that it is a gathering of symbol as a object of interpretation and a mediator. The important issue of this study is to research how and what to transmit by poetic semantics system in contemporary space design. It brings about a poetic problem what it intends to becomes(the problem of meaning operation) in a narrow sense and a interpretational problem what it intends to do(the problem of communication). When we define interpretation the technique of defining a text, it involves the premise of inevitableness of multiple understanding, or the possibility to Interpret variously. In the end the ambiguity of poetic language and the infinity of moaning process as the moaning expansion system in contemporary space design is the flexible measure to solve the self-criticism.