• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1988

Recently, epidural tunnelling was introduced for the convenience of keeping a catheter inserted for a long period of time. We had 15 cases in which used epidural tunnelling for the treatment of intractable pain mainly in terminal cancer patients. Epidural puncture with cannulation was carried out in the same technique as used for epidural anesthesia. After the subcutaneous epidural tunnelling was done from the site of the epidural entry to the anterior chest, just under the slim using a tunnelling device, the catheter was threaded through the tunnelling needle at the site of the outlet, was fixed and the tip of the catheter was connected to a filter. Five ml (2 mg) of saline diluted morphine can be given at home as needed when intractable pawn occurs. This long-term treatment of intractable pain by morphine injections through the epidural cannula place by subcutaneous tunnelling, is very convenient for the patient's daily routine and a better alternative in such a situation. Our technique, its advantages and problems were described in this paper.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2004

이 글에서는 20세기의 문제 해결의 역사에 대하여 개관하고, 21세기에 새로운 경향으로 주목받고 있는 모델링 관점에서의 수학 문제 해결에 대하여 알아보았다. 전통적인 문제 해결에서는 상황과 분리되어 있는 문제의 조건을 수학적 표현으로 바꾸는 번안 기술의 습득을 주요 관심사로 다루었다. 반면에, 모델링 관점에서 문제 해결은 해결할 필요가 있는 현실적인 문제 상황에서 출발하여 수학적인 정리 수단으로 재조직하고, 수학적 상황에서 문제를 해결하여 다시 실제 현상에 적용하는 과정을 따른다. 따라서, 학생들은 문제를 해결해 가는 과정에서 수학화를 경험하게 되고, 수학을 배우게 되는 이점이 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.333-348
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of romanticism which is expressed in the latest trend and to explain them focused on anti-realistic yearning. As the method of the study, a literature review was conducted. Romanticism started from a complaint against reality and denied the previous era's philosophy and aesthetics. Romanticism placed much value on emotions and imagination. Also, the characteristics of romanticism art contains the yearning for nature, far culture, far past and supernatural world, by escaping from the complex reality which gives disillusionment. Such the characteristic can be easily found in the modern trend. Modern people, who live in the situation that the society is changed into the information society from the industrial society, have clung to the past things because they feel that the known and guaranteed world is finished. And they want to experience the new and various culture and nature escaping from insecurity on complicated reality. Also, the desire of modern people who want to escape from a daily routine world and the reality's limitations is expressed as the yearning for the supernatural world.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2012

Objectives: This paper aims to discuss the current situation of and future directions for health promotion practice(HPP) and research in private sectors in Korea. Methods: Publications and web-site information of public health organizations, WHO-Health Promoting Hospitals member institutes, health/medical academic societies, and professional unities were collected and reviewed. Activities of Korea Association of Health Promotion(KAHP) were described in detail considering its leading role in health examination and promotion field in Korea. Results: The most common HPPs in private sectors were health education and public health campaigns for the prevention and management of diseases. Tailored health promotion programs for lifestyle changes and longitudinal follow-ups were the routine process for managing high risk groups at KAHP. Health promotion research in private sectors have focused on identifying health problems and behavioral determinants, and planning, implementing and evaluating health promotion programs. The most serious issues in HPPs of the private sectors were limited budget and manpower along with a lack of public recognition and a system-level support. Conclusion: To promote HPPs and research in private sectors, a system for financial sustainability should be introduced. They also need scientific evidence from research. 'Borderline medicine', a discipline specialized in management of high risk borderline group, could lead HPPs to sustainable private practices.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2007

The EEG plays an important diagnostic role in epilepsy and provides supporting evidence of a seizure disorder as well as assisting with classification of seizures and epilepsy syndromes. There are a variety of electroclinical syndromes that are really defined by the EEG such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, benign rolandic epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and also for localization purposes, it is vitally important especially for temporal lobe epilepsy. The sensitivity of first routine EEG in diagnosis of epilepsy has been known about 20-50%, but this proportion rises to 80-90% if sleep EEG and repetitive recording should be added. Convincing evidences suggest that the EEG may also provide useful prognostic information regarding seizure recurrence after a single unprovoked attack and following antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal. Moreover, patterns in the EEG make it possible to disclose an ictal feature of nonconvulsive status epilepticus, separate epileptic from other non-epileptic episodes and clarify the clues predictive of the cause of the encephalopathy (i.e., triphasic waves in metabolic encephalopathy). Therefore, regardless of its low sensitivity and other pitfalls, EEG should be considered not only in the situation of new onset episode such as a newly developed, unprovoked seizure or a condition manifesting decreased mentality from obscure origin, but also as a barometer of the long-term outcome following AED withdrawal.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 1999

When the game is used in mathematics loaming, students take pleasure of game in themselves and communicate through interaction with other students naturally. It is important because the game is activity for intellectual growth and social development. Also students have had affirmative attitude about mathematics by Emu. The communication in mathematics loaming helps that linking informal and intuitive thinking of students with abstract and basic mathematical language and that it also helps changing from the dependent situation to teacher to the self-directive teaming of students. The purpose of this thesis is to effect on extension of mathematical communication ability to the second grade of elementary school students by applying of computational-strategy games. It has conclusion as follows. Application of computational-strategy games had effected on extension of mathematical communication ability importantly. When students have mathematical communication through computational-strategy games, at the beginning, the words which students used was long, incorrect, and unnecessary words. But at the later, students became to use clear, correct concise words as they connect their routine language with mathematical symbol. Therefore we can make sure that mathematical communication ability of the second grade students' is extended by applying of computational-strategy games.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the accuracy (trueness and precision) of five intraoral scanners (IOS) using a novel reference model for standardized performance evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Five IOSs (Medit i500, Omnicam, Primescan, Trios 3, Trios 4) were used to digitize the reference model, which represented a simplified full-arch situation with four abutment teeth. Each IOS was used five times by an experienced operator, resulting in 25 STL (Standard Tessellation Language) files. STL data were imported into 3D software (Final Surface^®) and examined for inter- and intra-group analyses. Deviations in the parameter matching error were calculated. ANOVA F-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for inter-group comparisons (α = .05); and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for intra-group comparisons (in % ± SD). RESULTS. Primescan (matching error value: 0.015), Trios 3 (0.016), and Trios 4 (0.018) revealed comparable results with significantly higher accuracy compared to Medit i500 (0.035) and Omnicam (0.028) (P < .001). For intra-group comparison, Trios 4 demonstrated the most homogenous results (CV 15.8%). CONCLUSION. The novel reference model investigated in this study can be used to assess the performance of dental scanning technologies in the daily routine setting and in research settings.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, air pollution has become increasingly serious, and the pollution control situation is not optimistic. Climate change has become a major global challenge faced by mankind. To actively respond to climate change, China has proposed carbon peak and carbon neutral goals. However, atmospheric pollutants and meteorological factors that affect air quality are complex and changeable, and the complex relationship and correlation between them must be further clarified. This paper uses China's 2013-2018 high-resolution air pollution reanalysis open data set, as well as statistical methods of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) to calculate and visualize the design and analysis of environmental monitoring big data, which is intuitive and it quickly demonstrated the correlation between pollutants and meteorological factors in the temporal and spatial sequence, and provided convenience for environmental management departments to use air quality routine monitoring data to enable dynamic decision-making, and promote global climate governance. The experimental results show that, apart from ozone, which is negatively correlated, the other pollutants are positively correlated; meteorological factors have a greater impact on pollutants, temperature and pollutants are negatively correlated, air pressure is positively correlated, and the correlation between humidity is insignificant. The wind speed has a significant negative correlation with the six pollutants, which has a greater impact on the diffusion of pollutants.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.426-439
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and practice on well-being life and well-being related behaviors, and the various factors affecting well-being related behaviors such as purchasing food materials, food habits, eating out and daily routine activities. A survey was conducted by questionnaire and on a 5-point Likert scale. The subjects of this study were composed of 221 students and their 102 parents who were over 40 years residing in the Ulsan area. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Almost half of the subjects (47.4%) responded that they have good health conditions; to keep a good health condition, 41.2% of the subjects were exercising regularly and 20.4% of them kept diet control. In regard to the meaning of well-being, 66.6% of the subjects thought it is the lifestyle for physical and mental richness (children: 70.6%, parents: 57.8%). 30.3% of the subjects answered that the most important part of well-being was food related. The importance order was mental richness, food related things, physical health for children, and for the parents, it was food related things, physical health, mental richness. Most of population (45.8%) answered that they have a willingness for the pursuit of a well-being life. Among the well-being related behaviors, 69.7% of subjects have purchased items (children: 61.5%, parents: 87.3%). 37.2% of the subjects have acquired information from TV. The average well-being practice score was $61.01{\pm}10.36$. Children's scores were significantly lower than the parent's scores (p < 0.001). And the average practice score of 'purchasing food materials,' 'eating out,' 'food habits,' 'daily routine activities' were $15.3{\pm}3.3,\;15.5{\pm}3.1,\;16.8{\pm}3.3$ and $13.4{\pm}3.5$, respectively. Among five types of purchasing food materials, 'purchasing domestic agricultural food' was greatest ($3.64{\pm}0.91$) and 'purchasing of organic or low agricultural chemical food products' was lowest ($3.15{\pm}0.91$). In regard to food habits, 'eating rice and bread made of mixed grains' was greatest ($3.46{\pm}1.12$) and 'eating uncooked food or zen food' was lowest ($2.46{\pm}0.99$). The practice scores were significantly affected by gender (p < 0.05), monthly income (p < 0.01), educational level (p < 0.01), presence of disease (p < 0.05), subjective health condition (p < 0.05), well-being awareness (p < 0.001) and concern with well-being (p < 0.001). Well-being awareness scores and well-being practice scores are related positively. Therefore various programs in well-being education should be necessary in order to boost the authentic perceptions of well-being and well-being oriented behaviors in any socioeconomic situation, such as different generations; industrial companies producing well-being goods for consumer's needs and satisfaction; and government and local community create various conditions for well-being oriented behavior.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제30권
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• pp.7-29
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• 2013

A movie which brought its material from a historical character or incidents in the past was produced by a story suggestion through a historical fact. It is because Shakespeare created a story based on a mythical element related with his life in the plot which was written from the script of the play and was on the show in the cinemas of London. It is an obvious fact that the historical drama of this movie was intentionally modified and the fictional story was added to episodes in order to create a dramatic effect. However, reflecting historical backgrounds and cultural aspects accurately through a historical study would also be an important factor. Therefore, the backgrounds and aspects presented in this movie are a kind of storytelling which was reconstructed as if a historian added his opinion to historical facts like a discourse. A historical background in was a story about Shakespeare who worked at the theater in London as a writer in 1593 the period of England Reneissance. The movie included the working and playwriting of Shakespeare who is a main character. This indicated not only the environment of the theater and literature during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I but also historical aspect in the early modern industrial society in England. This movie, that is, described that time as a recreation such as a cultural acceptance and an achievement of an initial capitalism in Renaissance in the life of characters. In particular, the factor of theaters flourishing during the Renaissance was because a newly emerging class, bourgeoisie, who held the capital emerging from a policy for middle class led to a box office hit through founding theaters and drama company and selling tickets and performing plays by themselves. Like this, the movie depicted the time led by plays to a industrialization. Moreover, Social aspects in the late 1500s were revealed in this movie through a depiction of the cinemas and the city of London. The depiction of the city of London reflected a social situation of an initial capitalism rapidly developed in trade and commerce. The social aspects such as conflicts between social classes based on getting richer and poorer, mammonism, a corrupted love between the male and the female, a immortality with growing brothels, religious and political conflicts with the foundation of the church in England were closely linked with characters' daily routine at that time in London and were reflected in this work overall. The reason why we highlight characters' job and custom like this in the movie is that these are ideationally inherent in a critical mind from people at that moment. The historical background and reproduction of the image depicted in the movie were focused on characters' daily routine and indicated the problem mentally and independently exposed in the form of initial capitalism.