• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 1999

Thirty plants were screened for their antioxidative activity. The extracts of Agastache rugosa, Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Lycopus lucidus had high free radical(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities. Methanol extract of Agastache rugosa was fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH test. The ethyl acetate fraction was applied to Sephadex LH-20 column, and the fractions showing antioxidative activity were collected and used for identification of the substance. The purified substance was applied to mass, IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy. The spectra of mass, IR, UV and NMR implied that the substance is a rosmarinic acids as a kind of phenolic compound. The rosmarinic acid has more antioxidative effect than those of BHT and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ in the Rancimat test.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.274-277
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• 2003

Agastachis Herba has been used for the treatment of poor appetite, nausea diarrhea and distension of chest. Pogostemonis Herba has been used for the treatment of fever caused by heart stroke, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Pattern recognition for the analysis of Agastachis Herba and Pogostemonis Herba was conducted using PHLC method. Rosmarinic acid from Agastachis Herba was detected at retention time of 14.996 min and quantitative analysis of rosmarinic acid showed average range of $0.183{\pm}0.183%$ (n=4). Rosmarinic acid was not detected from Pogostemonis Herba and we distinguished two medicinal plants by HPLC method.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.520-523
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• 1999

We have been screening anti-HIV integrase compounds from Korean medicinal plants by using an in vitro assay system which is mainly composed of recombinant human immunodeficency virus type 1 integrase and radiolabeled oligonucleotides. From the above screening, the aqueous methanolic extract of the roots of Agastache rugosa exhibited a significant activity. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of rosmarinic acid. The structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic data and by the comparison with the reported values. The $IC_{50}$ of the rosmarinic acid was approximately $10{\mu}g/ml$ against HIV integrase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2015

This study attempted to establish an HPLC analysis method for determination of marker compounds as a part of material standardization for the development of health functional food materials from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo. The quantitative determination method of rosmarinic acid as a marker compound of P. frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo extract (PFE) was optimized by HPLC analysis using a C18 column ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) with 0.1% acetic acid as the elution gradient and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 280 nm. The HPLC/UV method was applied successfully to quantification of the marker compound in PFE after validation of the method with linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method showed high linearity in the calibration curve at a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) of 0.9995, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were $0.36{\mu}g/mL$ and $1.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.21% and 1.43%, respectively. Recovery rate test at rosmarinic acid concentrations of 12.5, 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$ scored between 97.04~98.98% with RSD values from 0.25~1.97%. These results indicate that the established HPLC method is very useful for the determination of marker compound in PFE to develop a health functional material.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

Objectives : This study presents a high performance liquid chromatography methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA) in Perilla frutescens var. japonica and var. acuta. Methods : Chromatographic separation was performed using a mixture of methanol, water and formic acid (35 : 64.2 : 0.8) with a reversed-phase column (Gemini C18, 4.6 ${\times}$ 150 mm, 3 ${\mu}m$). The analyses were detected at UV (280 nm). Results : The samples were extracted with 50% EtOH under reflux for 1 h, and simultaneous determination for RA and CA in hyang-so-san and haeng-so-san was possible without interference peaks Conclusions : According the results, we developed a determination method for RA and CA in Perillae Folium. Owing to Perilla frutescens var. japonica and var. acuta did not show significant difference in contents of RA and CA, both Perilla frutescens could be available as herbal medicine.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1999

To find out proper harvest time and to select a variety having high yield and good quality, growth characteristics and contents of rosmarinic acid and essential oil were investigated according to harvest time of Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze collected in Korea. Only the number of flower cluster per plant among growth characteristics of 7 collections showed not significant difference. The range of dry matter weight of above-ground part used as crude drug was $666{\sim} 1328kg/10a$ and the weight of flower cluster and root was not significant among the plant parts of collections. Dry matter weight of top was the highest on Sep. 20, full-bloom stage. Rosmarinic acid contents among in 7 collections showed significant difference and the range were $0.32{\sim}2.34%$ in flower, $0.97{\sim}1.64%$ in leaf, $0.03{\sim}0.21%$ in stem and $0.91{\sim}6.56%$ in root. The contents of rosmarinic acid and essential oil in leaf was 3.76%, 5.78% before flowering and 1.55%, 4.28% after flowering respectively. The total content of rosmarinic acid of all plant parts was decreased after flowering but that of essential oil was increased after flowering.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.111-117
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• 2008

Objectives and methods : Previous mechanistic studies suggest the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors represent the good candidates against tumor progression. MeOH extract of the stem barks of Euonymus alatus induced the strong inhibition of COX-2. A phenolic compound responsible for the anti- COX-2 known to involve in tumor adhesion and invasion has been studied through the methanol extracts. The compound, rosmarinic acid (ROS-A) was an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. ROS-A showed a strong inhibitory effect of COX-2 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Then we have measured the IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production related the immune regulation, induction of inflammatory related genes. Results and Conclusions :Hep3B cells produce proinflammatory cytokines of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ while ROS A inhibited the cytokines production. Since IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ need the transcription factors such as nuclear factor- ${\kappa}$B (NF-${\kappa}$B) and activated protein-1 (AP-1), we measured the transcription factors. ROS-A inhibited the activation of p65, p50, c-Rel subunits of NF-${\kappa}$B and AP-1 transcription factors. These findings indicate that ROS A from the stem bark of E. alatus inhibits proliferation in metastatic cancer cells. It was suggested that stem barks of E. alatus could be suitable for anti-cancer drugs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-55
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• 2024

Cancer is a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, conventional cancer treatment methods often have severe side effects and limited success rates. In the last decade, extensive research has been conducted to develop safe, and efficient alternative treatments that do not have the limitations of existing anticancer medicines. Plant-derived compounds have shown promise in cancer treatment for their anti-carcinogenic and anti-proliferative properties. Rosmarinic acid (RA) and carnosic acid (CA) are potent polyphenolic compounds found in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract. They have been extensively studied for their biological properties, which include anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In addition, RA and CA have demonstrated effective anti-proliferative properties against various cancers, making them promising targets for extensive research to develop candidate or leading compounds for cancer treatment. This review discusses and summarizes the anti-tumor effect of RA and CA against various cancers and highlights the involved biochemical and mechanistic pathways.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. RA exerted a significant cytoprotective effect by scavenging intracellular ROS induced by UVB. RA also attenuated UVB-induced oxidative macromolecular damage, including protein carbonyl content, DNA strand breaks, and the level of 8-isoprostane. Furthermore, RA increased the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and their transcription factor Nrf2, which are decreased by UVB radiation. Collectively, these data indicate that RA can provide substantial cytoprotection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating cellular antioxidant systems, and has potential to be developed as a medical agent for ROS-induced skin diseases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2011

The radical scavenging activity and inhibition effect from lipid peroxidation induced by peroxyl radical of methanol extract from Perilla frutescens and its active compound, rosmarinic acid (RA), were investigated in vitro. The treatment of extract and RA scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) and nitric oxide in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, the extract and RA showed strong radical scavenging activity against ${\cdot}OH$, the most toxic and reactive radical. In addition, Perilla frutescens and RA effectively inhibited lipid oxidation induced by sodium nitroprusside and 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride, determined by the ferric thiocyanate method. The present results suggest that Perilla frutescens and RA play a protective role against oxidative stress induced by free radical and lipid peroxidation.