• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2008

염분에 대한 벼 유식물의 생리학적 광화학적 반응을 잎의 상대수분함량, 엽록소 형광 및 뿌리의 수분흡수를 통하여 연구하였으며, 벼 유식물이 농도가 다른 NaCl에 노출되었을 경우, 500 mM 이상의 농도와 4일, 5일간 스트레스를 준 처리구에서 식물체의 외관상 심각한 장해 징후가 나타났다. 500 mM에서는 5일간, 1,000 mM에서는 4일간 스트레스를 준 처리구와 NaCl를 처리하지 않은 대조구 간의 광합성 Fv/Fm에서 유의성이 있는 차이가 나타났으며, 그러나 뿌리 수분흡수에서는 Fv/Fm에 비해 스트레스 기간이 짧은 2일에서도 수분흡수의 차이가 나타나기 시작했다. NaCl에 노출된 식물에서 잎의 상대수분함량은 외부 염분의 농도가 증가하구 스트레스 기간이 길어짐에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 잎의 상대수분함량 결과에서 1,000 mM 농도로 1일간 처리된 경우(88%)와 비교했어 2일 이상 NaCl를 처리한 경우들(58-67%)에서 보다 낮은 수분함량을 보였다. NaCl 스트레스는 4일과 5일간 처리한 경우 etiolate된 벼 유식물의 광 유도 녹화과정에서 NaCl 농도가 증가함에 따라 직선적으로 심하게 억제하였다(각각의 $R^2$=0.812과 0.918). 염분 스트레스 기간과 NaCl농도가 증가되었을 때, NaCl의 농도가 같음에도 잎의 Fv/Fm보다는 뿌리의 수분흡수가 더 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 보아 잎에서의 장해보다는 뿌리에서의 반응이 먼저 일어나는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2001

Turbine blade is subject to force of three types ; the torsional force by torsional mount, the centrifugal force by the rotation of rotor and the cyclic bending force by steam pressure. The cyclic bending force was a main factor on fatigue strength. SEM fractography in root of turbine blade showed micro-clack width was not dependent on stress intensity factor range. Especially, fatigue did not exist on SEM photograph in root of turbine blade. To clear out the fracture mechanism of turbine blade, nanofractography was needed on 3-dimensional crack initiation and crack growth with high magnification. Fatigue striation partially existed on AFM photograph in root of turbine blade. Therefore, to find a fracture mechanism of the torsion-mounted blade in nuclear power plant, the relation between stress intensity factor range and surface roughness measured by AFM was estimated, and then the load amplitude ΔP applied to turbine blade was predicted exactly by root mean square roughness.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.293-301
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of load on root that was applied to edentulous area in three simulated situation, in each case the guiding planes of abutment were right vertical, 95 degrees, or 100 degrees to residual ridge. The 2-dimensional finite element method was used and the finite element model was prepared as fellows. Right mandibular 1st and 2nd molar was lost and the 2nd premolar with distal rest was used as primary abutment which had three different degrees of guiding plane. Then 150N of compressive force was applied to central fossae of the 1st and 2nd molars and von Mises stress and displacement was measured. The results were as follows; 1. Irrespective of slopes of guiding planes, the stress was concentrated on mesial side of root apex and distal side of coronal portion of root, in particular on junction with distal alveolar bone. As slopes of guiding planes were increased. stress on root and compact bone surrounding abutment was increased but no considerable effect was seen on compact bone of residual ridge. 2. Distal side of coronal portion of root limited by periodontal ligament was displaced distally and mesial side of apical portion was mesially. With slope of guiding plane increasing, the pattern of displacement was similar with one another but the quantity was increased. 3. Both abutment & alveolar bone were displaced downward and root of abutment, especially distal side of coronal portion, was displaced severely. As the guiding plane was tiffed more mesially over $90^{\circ}$, the degree of displacement was also increased.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.195-195
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• 2022

Abiotic stress is a major problem in global agriculture as it negatively affects crop growth, yield, and quality. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the world's second-highest-producing food resource, so the importance of mitigating damage caused by abiotic stress has been emerging. In this study, we performed GWAS to search for SNPs associated with salt tolerance and drought tolerance. NaCl (200 mM) treatment was performed at the seedling stage using 613 wheat varieties in Korean wheat core collection. Root length, root surface area, root average diameter, and root volume were measured. Drought stress was applied at the seedling stage, and the above phenotypes were measured. GW AS was performed for each phenotype data using the MLM, MLMM, and FarmCPU models. The best salt-tolerant wheat varieties were 'MK2402', 'Gyeongnam Geochang-1985-3698', and 'Milyang 13', showing superior root growth. The significant SNP AX-94704125 (BA00756838) were identified in all models. The genes closely located to the significant SNP were searched within ± 250 kb of the corresponding SNP. A total of 11 genes were identified within the region. NB-ARC involved in the defense response, FKSI involved in cell wall biosynthesis, and putative BP Ml involved in abiotic stress responses were discovered in the 11 genes. The best drought-tolerant wheat varieties were 'PI 534284', 'Moro of Sind', and 'CM92354-33M-0Y-0M-6Y-0B-0BGD', showing superior root growth. This study discovered SNPs associated with salt tolerance in Korean wheat core collection through GWAS. GWAS of drought tolerance is now proceeding, and the GWAS results will be represented on a poster. The SNPs identified by GWAS can be useful for studying molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and drought tolerance in wheat.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.339-352
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• 1996

Many dentists have been taken an interest in restoration of severly damaged teeth after endodontic treatment and it is a true that there are lots of studies about it. In these days, although we have used Para-Post, pins, threaded steel post, cast gold post and core, and so on, as a method of restoration frequently, it has been in controversy with the effects of them on the teeth and surrounding periodontal tissue. In this study, we assume that the crown of the upper 1st premolar was severly damaged, and after the root canal therapy, two most common types of restoration were carried out ; 1) coronal-radicular amalgam restoration, 2) after setting up the Para-Post, restore with amalgam core and gold crown. After restoration, in order to present the concentration of stress at internal portion of the tooth and the surrounding periodontal tissue, we doveloped a 2-dimensional finite element model of labiopalatal section, then loaded forces from 2 long perpendicular to the lingual incline of buccal ridge an the middle point, parallel to the long direction axis of tooth at the fossa-were applied. The analyzed results were as follows : 1. Stress of the normal first premolar was concentrated on the most weakest anatomical structure, that is, cervical area, and no stress on the bifurcated area of the canal. 2. Crown restoration after root canal therapy causes large stress concentration on the bifurcated area of the canal. This stress concentration has larger value in case of lateral movement of mandible, and there are decrease in the stress concentration compared with natural tooth. 3. Coronal-radicular amalgam restoration method transports more stress to the tooth structure than restoration using Para-Post. 4. There are more stress concentration around Para-Post in the case of lateral movement, and we have more favo rable result when restored with Para-Post. 5. Generally, stress in the lateral movement is larger than stress in the perpendicular load.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.581-596
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• 1999

하악 우측 제1대구치 및 제2대구치가 손실된 2급하악 후방연장 국소의치에서 무치악 부위 지대치 유도면의 기울기와 형태가 지지조직에 미치는 응력 및 변위를 비교 분석하기 위하여 3차원 유한요소법을 이용하여 알아보았다. Kratochvil 형태의 유도면의 기울기가 잔존치조제에 대하여 $90^{\circ}$인 경우, $95^{\circ}$인 경우, 그리고 $100^{\circ}$인 경우와 Krol형태의 유도면의 기울기가 $90^{\circ}$인 경우에 있어서 제2소구치를 지대치로 하고 RPI형태의 유지장치를 사용하는 경우를 가정하여 모델링한 다음 제1대구치 및 제2대구치의 중심와에 150N의 하중을 가하여 응력 및 변위에 대하여 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Kratochvil의 유도면 형태 중 기울기가 $90^{\circ}$인 경우와 Krol의 유도면 형태에서는 유사한 응력 분포를 나타내었으며 특히 지대치에서 치근단 방향으로 응력이 향하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 유도면의 기울기가 $95^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치의 치근단 부위에 응력이 증가하면서 근심방향으로 향하였으며, $100^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 치근단의 응력이 협측 및 근협측 방향으로 집중되어 나타났다. 3. 유도면의 기울기가 $90^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치의치근이 조금 시계방향으로 비틀리는 양상으로 나타났으며, Krol의 유도면 형태에서는 지대치가 치근단 부위에서는 원설측으로 치경부에서는 근협측으로 변위되었다. 4. 유도면의 기울기가 $95^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치의 치근은 치근단 부위에서 근설측으로 약간 변위되었고 치경부 방향으로 갈수록 반시계 방향으로 비틀리면서 보다 많이 변위되었으며, $100^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치 치근단에서는 근협측으로 변위되었고 치경부방향으로 갈수록 시계방향으로 비틀리면서 보다 많이 변위되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.8
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the diameter and direction of the plunger and simulation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) affected the stress distribution in endodontically treated premolars. Methods: A fracture strength test was simulated via finite element analysis. A base model was set up, and the following parameters were modified: plunger diameter (3 mm vs. 6 mm), plunger direction (vertical vs. $135^{\circ}$ angular to the central fossa), and PDL simulation. The analysis was conducted using the CosmosWorks structural analysis program, and the results are presented in terms of von Mises stresses. Results: The smaller plunger increased the stresses at the contact area of the crown, but the plunger diameter had no effect on the stress distribution within the root. An angular plunger direction increased stresses within the root, as well as at the buccal cusp of the crown, compared with the vertical direction. Simulation of the PDL caused higher stress accumulation, especially in the cervical region of the root. Conclusions: The plunger diameter had no effect on the stress distribution in the roots, whereas the plunger direction and PDL simulation did affect the stress distribution. More stringent standards can be established by taking such parameters into account when performing fracture testing in future studies.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.353-366
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• 1991

This study was performed to analyze the effects of forces to the alveolar bone by various molar uprighting spring such as helical uprighting spring. T-loop spring, Modified T-loop spring and open coil spring. The simplified two-dimensional photoelastic model was constructed with a lower left posterior quadrant containing the second molar, the first and second premolars and the canine, with the first molar missing. Several molar uprighting springs were fabricated from 0.017 by 0.022 inch blue Elgiloy and applied to the photoelastic model. Two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis was performed, and the stress distribution was recorded by photography The results obtained were as follows; 1. In all the kinds of the springs, the center of rotation of the mandibular second molar was oserved at the apical 1/5-1/6 between the alveolar crest and the root apex. 2. In all the kinds of the spring, the stress induced in the mesial root surface of the mandibular second molar was relatively homogeneous but there was some difference in the magnitude of the stress. 3. In the kinds of the springs, the distal crown tipping moment of the second molar was increased in turn as open coil spring, helical uprighting spring, T-loop spring, and modified T-loop spring. 4. The largest extrusive force was occured in the T-loop spring, intrusive force was occured in Modified T-loop spring only, and the largest distal tipping force was occured in open coil spring. 5. In the T-loop spring with activation, the stress induced in the mesial root surface of the second molar was increased gradually from the root apex to the alveolar crest and highly concentrated in the alveolar crest.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2011

Physiological responses to salinity stress were evaluated in six rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to salinity at the seedling stage. Susceptible genotypes ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo', and 'IR29') showed salt injury symptoms (mean 8.8) and higher visual score under salt stress than that of tolerant ones ('Pokkali', 'IR74009', and 'IR73571'). As salinity affects growth and physiological parameters, the six genotypes thus showed significant reduction because of salt stress. Tolerant Japonica/Indica bred lines ('IR74009', 'IR73571') showed lower reduction, 33.9%, 34.5%, and 50%, respectively, in plant seedling height, dry shoot weight and dry root weight than those of the susceptible Japonica varieties ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo'), and the highest reduction under salt stress was observed in dry root weight, followed by dry shoot weight and seedling height, respectively. Shoot $Na^+$ concentration of IR74099 and IR73571 was lower than that of the susceptible varieties, 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo'. There were no significant differences among genotypes in root $Na^+$ concentration. Shoot $K^+$ concentration showed a reverse tendency compared to shoot $Na^+$ concentration. IR74009 and IR73571 had considerably lower ratio compared to 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo' in $Na^+/K^+$ ratio of their shoot and was not different the tolerant check, 'Pokkali'.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1993

The various configuration of thin-shaped bevel gears are used usually for such as main reduction gear of the hovercraft. But the reasonable and concise guide to thedesign of the se bevel gears is not yet obtained, since the tooth of bevel gear has complex form. The purpose of these investigation is to be establish the design guide and to propose the desirable configuration form for thin-shaped straight bevel gear. In this report, the desirable configuration is examined experimentally by clearing up the effect of web and rim thickness, rim support condition upon the load distribution and root stress distribution along the tooth trace. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The crowning of tooth trace exerts a significant effect on the root stress distribution of thin-shaped bevel gear. (2) As the desirable configuration of the thin-shaped bevel gear, it is to be recommended that the rim is supported at the heel side of tooth trace. (3) But, as special type, it is desirable that the rim is supported at the toe side.