• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2015

Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense are often used in treatment of human diseases such as hemorrhage, blood congestion and inflammation in Korea. However, there was not report on the anti-obesity efficacy of water extracts from different organs of C. japonicum var. ussuriense. Here, we investigated the antioxidant effects of water extracts of flowers, leaves and roots from C. japonicum var. ussuriense. Total polyphenol amounts of the flower extract showed higher than those of leaf and root extract. Flower extract also showed the high antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. We also investigated the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of flowers, leaves and roots from C. japonicum var. ussuriense in 3T3-L1 cells and high fat diet-induced obesity mice. The mice were divided into four groups [high fat diet (HFD) control, HFD + leaf extract, HFD + flower extract and root extract] and administered with each extract (200 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. The flower and leaf extract significantly suppressed the levels of oil red O and triglyceride content. The flower and leaf extract also significantly reduced the triglyceride, total cholesterol and lower density lipoprotein levels of plasma as well as body and abdominal fat weight. Furthermore, oral glucose tolerance in the flower and leaf extract groups were significantly ameliorated in comparison to the high fat diet group. Therefore, these results indicate that the flower and leaf extract could ameliorate obesity and attenuate blood glucose level in high fat diet-induced obesity mice. We conclude that this study may provide positive insights into water extracts of flowers and leaves from C. japonicum var. ussuriense as a functional food ingredient for treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2014

Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants in Asia. Triterpene saponins, known as ginsenosides, are the major pharmacological compounds in P. ginseng. The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in ginsenoside composition according to the foliation stage of P. ginseng cultured in a hydroponic system. Among the three tested growth stages (closed, intermediate, and opened), the highest amount of total ginsenoside in the main and fine roots was in the intermediate stage. In the leaves, the highest amount of total ginsenoside was in the opened stage. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaf was markedly increased in the transition from the closed to intermediate stage, and increased more slowly from the intermediate to opened leaf stage, suggesting active biosynthesis of ginsenosides in the leaf. Conversely, the total ginsenoside content of the main and fine roots decreased from the intermediate to opened leaf stage. This suggests movement of ginsenosides during foliation from the root to the leaf, or vice versa. The difference in the composition of ginsenosides between the leaf and root in each stage of foliation suggests that the ginsenoside profile is affected by foliation stage, and this profile differs in each organ of the plant. These results suggest that protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol(PPT)-type ginsenosides are produced according to growth stage to meet different needs in the growth and defense of ginseng. The higher content of PPT-type ginsenosides in leaves could be related to the positive correlation between light and PPT-type ginsenosides.

• 약학회지
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.50-58
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• 1968

The root of Angelica koreana $M_{AXIMOWICZ}$ (Umbelliferae) known as "Kang-whal" in Korea used for the treatment of common cold, headache and gout etc. The comparative anatomy of Angelica Koreana $M_{AXIMOWICZ}$ and A. purpuraefolia $C_{HUNG}$ was presented. A great part of the report was dealed with the differences in the comparative histology of root, stem, main vein in leaf and fruits.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2019

Seasonal ginsenoside flux in the leaves of 5-year-old Panax ginseng was analyzed from the field-grown ginseng, for the first time, to study possible biosynthesis and translocation of ginsenosides. The concentrations of nine major ginsenosides, Rg1, Re, Rh1, Rg2, R-Rh1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd, were determined by UHPLC during the growth in between April and November. It was confirmed total ginsenoside content in the dried ginseng leaves was much higher than the roots by several folds whereas the composition of ginsenosides was different from the roots. The ginsenoside flux was affected by ginseng growth. It quickly increased to 10.99±0.15 (dry wt%) in April and dropped to 6.41±0.14% in May. Then, it slowly increased to 9.71±0.14% in August and maintained until October. Ginsenoside Re was most abundant in the leaf of P. ginseng, followed by Rd and Rg1. Ginsenosides Rf and Ro were not detected from the leaf. When compared to the previously reported root data, ginsenosides in the leaf appeared to be translocated to the root, especially in the early vegetative stage even though the metabolite translocated cannot be specified. The flux of ginsenoside R-Rh1 was similar to the other (20S)-PPT ginsenosides. When the compositional changes of each ginsenoside in the leaf was analyzed, complementary relationship was observed from ginsenoside Rg1 and Re, as well as from ginsenoside Rd and Rb1+Rc. Accordingly, ginsenoside Re in the leaf was proposed to be synthesized from ginsenoside Rg1. Similarly, ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc were proposed to be synthesized from Rd.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.568-570
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• 2003

The Hyoscyamus niger hyoscyamine $6{\beta}-hydroxylase$ (H6H, EC 1.14.11.11) gene was introduced into the genome of a Scopolia parviflora by the binary vector system using the disarmed Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain KCTC 2703. Expression of H6H enzyme which are involved in alkaloids pathway by western blot analysis using proteins extracted from leaf, stem flower, branch root and main root were examined The enzyme expression was found only in the roots, with no expression in leaf, stem and flower. The alkaloids contents were the most higher in root and then leaf and stem has very small amount of alkaloid contents were analyzed by HPLC. The expression level of H6H in transgenic plants were two or more times than wild type plants. In transgenic plant which constitutively expresses H6H enzyme, high concentration of scopolamine was accumulated.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 1999

야생 약초인 세신의 재배년수별 생육특성과 수량성을 구명하고 주요 정유 성분인 methyleugenol과 safrole함량 변화를 조사하여 세신의 상품적 가치를 높이고 품질의 규격화를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 1993년부터∼1997년까지 5년간에 걸쳐 시험을 실시하였던 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 재배년차별 생육은 재배년수가 경과함에 따라 지하부 생육의 신장차이가 크게 나타났으며 특히 근장의 크기에 따라 수량변화에 영향을 미쳤다. 2. 10a당 건근 수량은 3년재배(127kg/10a)에 비하여 4년재배 191%, 5년재배 259% 순으로 증수되었다. 3. 재배기간별 정유함량은 재배 기간에 따라 3년 5%, 4년 4.5%, 5년은 4.3% 순이었다. 4. 주요 정유 조성성분인 methyleugenol은 재배년수가 길어질수록 증가하였으나 safrole함량은 점차 감소하여 methyleugenol과 safrole 함량은 서로 상반된 관계를 나타내었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2022

본 연구는 근권부 냉방이 토마토 육묘 시 묘 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 생장상 하부 파이프 냉방을 이용하여 근권부 온도를 20℃와 25℃로 설정하여 실험을 수행하였다. 전 생육기간동안 초장, 근장, 엽수는 두 온도 처리구간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 엽면적, 지상부와 지하부의 생체중 및 건물중, 엽록소 함량은 파종 28일 경과 시 25℃ 처리구가 더 높았으며, 실험 종료 시 두 처리구 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 근권부 온도 20℃와 25℃에서 토마토 생육 차이를 확인하지 못했다. 따라서, 본 연구는 고온기 토마토 묘 생산 시 온실 냉방 효율을 높이기 위한 국부 냉방 기술 확립에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1102-1108
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted as a Latin square design with four rumen fistulated local yellow cattle with a mean live weight of 230 kg. The treatments were: $(CLM_0)$ urea-treated rice straw ad libitum plus 1 kg cassava root meal (basal diet), $(CLM_{500})$ basal diet plus 500 g cassava leaf meal, $(CLM_{1000})$ basal diet plus 1,000 g cassava leaf meal, and $(CLM_{1500})$ basal diet plus 1,500 g cassava leaf meal. The results showed that there were differences in dry matter intake of urea-treated rice straw between treatments (p<0.05). The highest total dry matter intake was observed for treatment $CLM_{1500}$, with 2.62 kg DM/100 kg LWt/day, followed by treatments $CLM_{1000}$, $CLM_{500}$ and $CLM_0$, with 2.42, 2.00 and 1.86 kg DM/100 kg LWt/day, respectively. The ruminal ammonia concentration on treatment $CLM_{1500}$ was greater than on treatments $CLM_{1000}$, $CLM_{500}$ and $CLM_0$. There were non-significant differences in the ruminal pH among the treatments. The in sacco degradability of cassava leaf meal and cassava root meal was high, and on average 75 and 85% respectively of the DM had disappeared after 24 h of incubation. Degradation rate of urea treated rice straw was 64% after 72 h of incubation.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.658-667
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• 2015

코이어 더스트(coir-dust, CD)와 팽연왕겨(expanded rice hull, ERH), 훈탄(carbonized rice hull, CRH), 및 분쇄수피(ground pine bark, GRPB)를 혼합하여 조제한 CD+ERH(8:2, v/v), CD+CRH(6:4) 및 CD+GRPB(6:4)의 세 종류 혼합상토에 기비로 혼합된 용과린의 시비수준이 적축면 상추의 생장과 근권부 화학성 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 용과린을 $0.0-6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$까지 $1.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$씩 시비수준의 차이를 두어 상토에 혼합한 후 본엽 3매인 적축면 상추를 정식하고 5주간 태양광 병용형 식물공장에서 재배하였다. 매주 1회 중성비료를 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 농도를 조절하여 포트당 150mL씩 공급하였고, 시비 30분 후 포트 하단부에서 토양수를 추출하여 근권부 pH, EC 및 무기이온 농도 변화를 분석하였으며, 정식 5주 후에 지상부 생장을 조사하였다. 적축면 상추는 CD+CRH 보다 CD+ERH와 CD+GRPB에서 지상부 생장량이 많았고, 각 상토에서 용과린 시비수준이 높을수록 지상부 생장량이 많은 경향이었다. 정식 3주 이후 CRH를 포함한 상토의 근권부 pH는 4.0-4.8, $PO_4{^{3-}}$ 농도는 $20-100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 범위로 분석되었는데 이는 ERH와 GRPB를 포함한 혼합상토 보다 pH는 낮고 $PO_4{^{3-}}$ 농도는 높은 결과이다. 용과린의 시비수준이 높을수록 세 종류 상토의 토양용액 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 농도가 높았지는 경향이었으며, CD+CRH에서 다른 혼합상토보다 $K^+$ 농도가 높았다. 재배기간이 경과함에 따라 세 종류 상토의 $NO_3$-N 농도가 높아졌으며, $NO_3$-N 농도가 높을 때 토양용액 EC도 상승하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 식물공장에서 적축면 상추를 재배하기 위해 적합한 혼합상토는 CD+ERH와 CD+GRPB 였고, 기비로 혼합되는 용과린의 적정 시비 수준은 $4.5-6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 범위라고 판단하였다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

Chrysanthemum showed worse grow of wilt to death during summer at the field which is Allium fistulosum (welsh onion) plants had been cultivated. This study was carried out to analysis of activative inhibitors of chrysanthemum from root exudate of Allium fistulosum. Bioassay experiments with welsh onion root exudate were conducted and the biologically active compounds were determined. The results were obtained as follows. The root exudate of welsh onion inhibited root and hypocotyl growth of chrysanthemum and lettuce at low concentration(10ppm). The inhibitory effects was higher in closed bottom box but with drain hole than in open bottom box plot. The inhibitory substance contained in root exudate was analysed as vanillic acid. This phenolic acid was also detected in stem-leaf and root of welsh onion.