• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 1995

This study aims at examinating the change of architectural technique in the residential district of Seoktanri(石灘里), and then extracting the restorable types from it. The constructive technique was advanced in the composition of walls and the use of footing. The arrangement of columns was developed to standing them in a row and three rows in the center of interior space. In the light of excavated relics and the position of furnace, the interior space is seperated into cooking-heating, working and storing space. By the difference of height and the slope, the floor is divided into two parts which are low and high. According to the arrangement of column-holes, the types of roofs to be restored are as follows; the gable roof without column-hole, the hipped roof with center-column-holes(中央柱孔) in a row and the gable roof with center-column-holes in three rows.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is the analysis of 'perpendicular crossing Dori' with a structural character of Ddeulzip in Andong cultural area. There are many structural methods to solve the problems of Ddeuljip which is connected space in the rectangular type. There are 'Slope Base', 'Woosangak' roof, 'Seosangak' roof, and '4 beam roof framing' Moreover, they have been used 'perpendicular crossing Dori'. Its characters are as follows ; 1. The 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is occurred in different depth of width and length space of 'ㄱ' typed plan. At that time the beam of width is crossed in the middle of the beam of length without the order under them. 2. The 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is the method of free depth of width in regular distance of column which is different from general usage of balcony order. 3. The 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is founded north-western area of Andong Cultural Area(Bonghwa, Andong, Youngju, and Yeacheun). The best old sample was in Andong(16C) and the next is Yeacheun(17C) and the last is Bonghwa(18C). 4. The frequency in use of roof type of 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is 64% of 'Seosangak' and 36% of 'Woosangak'. The sample of 'Woosangak' house of 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is concentrated in Bonghwa. 5. The best merit of the 'perpendicular crossing Dori' structure is usage of double swing window in front of Anbang, It is the spacial success which overcomes the structural limits. And it is the structural rationality.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2013

이 연구는 200000 $m^3$의 용량을 갖는 지하식 LNG 저장탱크의 지붕 콘크리트에 대한 요구성능 및 이에 따른 콘크리트의 최적배합비를 도출하고, 현장시공의 자료로 제안하기 위한 것이다. 지붕 콘크리트는 돔형 지붕의 경사기울기에 따라 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 시공성 및 충전성이 요구된다. 또한, 1.4~0.6 m의 지붕두께를 고려한 수화열 저감과 콘크리트 타설 후의 프리스트레싱 작업 및 air support의 제거공정에 따른 단계별 압축강도의 확보가 중요한 요구성능이다. 이러한 조건을 고려하여 지붕의 기울기가 $20^{\circ}$ 미만일 경우에는 슬럼프 $100{\pm}25$ mm, $20^{\circ}$ 이상일 경우에는 $150{\pm}25$ mm로 선정하였으며, 경시변화 60분을 만족해야 한다. 특히, 91일 재령의 설계기준강도 30 MPa, 프리스트레싱 작업시 7일 재령의 압축강도 10 MPa, air support 제거공정에서 21일 재령의 압축강도 14 MPa을 만족해야 한다. 석회석 미분말의 최적 치환율은 구속시험 결과에 따라 정하였으며, 주요 배합변수는 물-시멘트비, 잔골재율 및 고성능 AE감수제의 첨가율 등이다. 배합시험 결과, 저열 포틀랜드 시멘트 및 석회석 미분말을 사용한 지붕 콘크리트의 최적배합 조건은 석회석 미분말의 최적 치환율 25%(내할), 물-시멘트비 57.8%, 잔골재율 42.0%로 나타났으며, 공기량 및 슬럼프의 시험결과도 경시변화 60분까지 성능을 만족하였다. 또한, 단열온도 상승시험의 결과, 단열온도 상승양($Q{\infty}$)이 $26.3^{\circ}C$, 상승속도(${\gamma}$) 0.58로 선행탱크(TK-13,14)와 비교해 볼 때 매우 낮게 나타나 수화열 저감의 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 이러한 요구성능 및 최적배합 조건을 만족하는 설계기준강도 30 MPa(배합강도 36 MPa)의 지하식 LNG 저장탱크의 지붕 콘크리트용으로 제안하였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.134-153
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 19세기에 중건된 조선시대 창경궁의 내전 전각을 대상으로, 지붕가구를 구성하는 주요 부재들의 치수계획을 고찰하고 서까래의 물매를 결정하는 요소를 분석하여 궁궐건축 내전 전각에 있어서 지붕가구계획의 기법을 밝히고자 하였다. 창경궁 내전 전각의 지붕가구를 형성하는 주요 부재의 치수계획은 다음과 같다. 먼저 평주의 길이는 궁궐지의 기록과 일치하였으며 고주의 계획치수는 촌(寸)단위까지 사용하였다. 영춘헌과 같이 평주의 길이가 촌단위까지 치목되어질 때 고주의 길이는 완척으로 계획되어 평주와 고주 사이에 형성되는 장연의 물매는 일정한 값을 갖는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 초익공 부재는 대체로 1.2척(尺)의 높이를 가지며 이익공의 경우에는 0.8척으로 초익공보다 0.4척 정도 작게 나타났다. 한편 장혀의 단면 폭은 0.3척으로 규모에 관계없이 일정하며, 다만 단면 높이의 경우 0.6~0.7척으로 대별된다. 도리의 직경은 1척을 기준으로 0.1척을 가감(加減)하였으며, 장연의 직경은 전각의 규모에 따라 0.5~0.6尺의 사이에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한국 전통목조건축 지붕가구의 형성에서 서까래의 물매결정은 먼저 장연의 물매를 정한 후, 건물의 전체 높이를 결정하는 종도리의 높이를 정하고, 중연을 걸기 위해 동자주의 위치와 높이를 조정하는 방식으로 지붕가구를 계획하는 것으로 파악되었다. 특히 장연 물매는 건물 규모에 따라 특별히 정해진 값이 있는 것이 아니라 전면 평주높이와 포작의 구성 등에 따라 자연스럽게 결정된 것으로 추정된다. 그리고 중연을 사용하는 경우 중연물매의 결정방식은 양통 어칸을 등간격으로 분할한 후, 동자주의 위치 또는 길이를 조정하는 방법을 사용하였던 것으로 추정할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제33권7호
• /
• pp.541-551
• /
• 2009

Configuration of the inlet transition square duct (hereinafter referred to as "transition duct") for heat recovery steam generator (hereinafter referred to as "HRSG") in combined cycle power plant is limited by the construction type of HRSG and plant site condition. The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of a variation in turbulent flow pattern by roof slop angle change of transition duct for horizontal HRSG, which is influencing heat flux in heat transfer structure to the finned tube bank. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is applied to predict turbulent flow pattern and comparisons are made to 1/12th scale cold model test data for verification. Re-normalization group theory (RNG) based k-$\epsilon$ turbulent model, which improves the accuracy for rapidly strained flow and swirling flow in comparison with standard k-$\epsilon$ model, is used for the results cited in this study. To reduce the amount of computer resources required for modeling the finned tube bank, a porous media model is used.

• 건설안전기술
• /
• 통권50호
• /
• pp.84-96
• /
• 2009

Road is typically constructed along ridge area of mountain because of topographical and economic reasons. Therefore, road may face lots of open cut slope which can easily cause rock falling. This study evaluates the structural safety of newly developed falling rock protection system which has a roof deck plate. The structural performance under self-weight, snow load and load from failing rock was investigated using a finite element numerical analysis method. From the analysis results, the H-beam space was limited not to exceed 2.2m. The deck plate was also safe under the examined loading condition. A hinge and connection in the system were investigated through detailed modelling and analysis. The results showed that the hinge was safe enough and that the connection should strengthened with appropriate stiffeners.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2009

Road is typically constructed along ridge area of mountain because of topographical and economic reasons. Therefore, road may face lots of open cut slope which can easily cause rock falling. This study evaluates the structural safety of newly developed falling rock protection system which has a roof deck plate. The structural performance under self-weight, snow load and load from falling rock was investigated using a finite element numerical analysis method. From the analysis results, the H-beam space was limited not to exceed 2.2m. The deck plate was also safe under the examined loading condition. A hinge and connection in the system were investigated through detailed numerical modelling and analysis. The results showed that the hinge was safe enough and that the connection should strengthened with appropriate stiffeners.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the behaviors of the gabled hyperbolic paraboloid shell structure subjected to differential settlement and the horizontal displacement due to the elongation of tie rod/beam on supports. Two types of shell structure with different roof slopes are used in study; conventional type which has perimeter beams around the shell panel, and simple type which removes the edge beams along the slab edge line. The effect of the removal of edge beam under vertical or horizontal displacement on supports, and the roof slope was compared using the finite element analysis.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2018

This study investigates the types and spread of framed structures of gable roofs meeting at right angle showed in old architecture and documentary paintings of houses, which were well liked in the early Joseon Dynasty. The conclusions of this study were as follows. First, the framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle can be divided or recognized in 4 types according to their structure's size and purlin's position. Three of those types were noted to be in Seoul. Second, the framed structure of gable roofs meeting at right angle begun from the awareness of their independence from one another. Each space was divided based on their functions. Therefore, it could be extended in various forms, not only in the square plan physique but also in many different forms. And allowed free plan configuration regardless of column layouts or size of structure. Third, 5 purlins and 3 purlins crossing structure were preferred in Han-yang, the early Joseon Dynasty. It is related to the specific construction conditions of urban houses, such as the slope of land, limited land area, and economic power. Fourth, urban housing techniques were diffused throughout the country by officials who lived in Kae-gyeong and Han-yang at the end of Goryeo and early Joseon Dynasty. In other regions, framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle households decreased, but in some regions of Gyeongsang-province, framed structure of gable roof meeting at right angle has maintained with Staggered purlin.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물환경조절학회 1998년도 정기총회 및 학술논문 발표요지
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1998

국내에 보급되어 있는 유리온실은 네덜란드에서 수입된 벤로형(Venlo type or Dutchlite)과 벤로형에 비해서 동고가 높으며 온실 한 동의 폭이 상대적으로 큰 광폭형(widespan type)이 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 벤로형 은실의 측고는 3.5~4.0m로서 다소 차이가 있으나, 한 동의 폭과 지붕경사면의 길이가 일정하기 때문에 온실의 지붕경사각은 대부분 22$^{\circ}$를 나타낸다. (중략)