• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.151-161
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• 2013

This study which analyzed 4th century Constantinus basilica church architecture is on how the Roman basilica architecture became to christianized and christian architecture became romanized. Basilica architecture of Rome which has strong public characteristic had approach from various direction, especially it has formed inter communicable open space to center forum. Even though, the early christian church has became to bigger size on the process of domus ecclesia centered growth, but it has formed essencially unhierarchy community of home based, it also seemed to have loose religious community below hundred. The result of analyzing 22 of 4 century basilica churches had been shown that more than 60% of them were built on historical place such as tomb of martyr, nearly 70% of them were long axis type, the size of church showed up $3,200m^2$ of average total area. In conclusion, this study concluded the result of christianized showed closeness pursue holiness by separation from the secular world, and long axis it was revealed as mass for the procession ceremony of catholic church. The result of romanized occurred from the process that the basilica church abandoned the unhierarchy, small sizing, worship simplicity of early domus ecclesia characteristics and accept hierarchy, big sizing, worship formalism and complexity of Roman empire system in the roman basilica churches. Through this study it could be grasp that the romanized of early christianity bring not only the change of church architecture but also degeneration of christian itself.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2019

As the spirit of reconciliation between the two Koreas ripens, the integration of mineral names is required in preparing the reunification between the South and North Koreas. Currently, mineral names in Korean do not adopt the guideline for romanization of Korean that was proposed by the National Institute of the Korean Language (NIKL), and different names are often used for an identical mineral species. Here, for mineral names in Korean, we suggest using (1) the suffix, "$s{\breve{o}}k$", both for metallic and non-metallic minerals, (2) names in the NIKL example-list if available, (3) the suffix "$s{\breve{o}}k$" for minerals whose names are based on the names of persons or localities.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2013

47 species was reported in the genus Marasmius in Republic of Korea up to now. 26 of total 47 species previously recorded from Korea were made up a list. Korean common names of 10 new species and 11 species newly recorded in Korea were introduced in study with synoptic key. These names were followed by the Romanization rule to express Korean common name.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.321-324
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• 2002

For a rule-based conversion of Hangout into the Roman alphabet rather than a word-for-word conversion, one must come up with a faultless model for the Korean standard pronunciation rules, which are the basis of the Romanization. It is on this foundation that the Korean-Roman alphabet conversion table can be created. For linguistic modeling using PetriNet, modeling boundary and notation of modeling can be defined. In order to describe PetriNet, which is a dynamic modeling tool, as a static one, one can model the standard Korean pronunciation rules and the Hangout-Roman alphabet notation by conversion into incident matrix Thus, this research attempts to develop a mathematical modeling tool for a natural language using PetriNet, and create a Korean-Roman alphabet conversion table.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.378-380
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• 2000

본 논문은 한국어 로마자의 표준안 확립을 위하 로마자 변환 테이블을 정리 및 종합하고 이를 실제 변환기로 개발하는데 필요한 과정에 대해 기술하였다. 테이블 구성을 위해 국어의 표준 발음의 전체 구성을 분석하고, 불필요한 규칙이 있거나 없을 경우의 규칙을 추가, 삭제하여, 상충이 있을 경우 우선 순위에 의해 규칙을 선택하여 규칙을 수정하여 적용하였다. 이렇게 생성된 표준 발음 테이블은 한글을 받아 적용한 수 표기별 자음과 모음의 테이블을 통해 로마자로 변환한다. 일관성 없는 규칙, 표준화의 설득력 및 홍보의 미숙등과 같은 과제로 활용의 예가 적었던 한국어 로마자 변환기는 공공기관의 지명 및 문화재 로마자의 표준화 등에 사용될 수 있으며, 인터넷을 통한 웹 로마자 사전 제작을 통하여 표준화의 문제에 가장 중요한 객관적인 지표로서 활용될 수 있다.[3]

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.376-378
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• 2001

본 논문은 새로 개정된 국어의 로마자 표기법(2000.7.7. 고시)에 따른 로마자 자동 변한 시스템의 구조와 변환 알고리즘을 제시한다. 특히 새 로마자 표기에 따른 규칙을 반영하여 사용자가 쉽고 편리하게 사용할 수 있도록 인명, 고유명사, 행정구역, 일반, 학술응용의 5개 항목으로 나누어 변환할 수 있게 했다. 또한 로마자표기에 적용한 표준 한글 음운변동 규칙과 로마자 표기의 원칙에 따른 5가지 변환 규칙을 도움말로 보여준다. 그리고 로마자 표기 원칙에 따라 발음상 혼동의 우려가 있는 부호의 규칙성을 조사하여 로마자 자동 변한 시스템에 적용함으로써 새 로마자 표기에서 발생할 수 있는 혼동을 제거하여 로마자 변환 시스템의 정확성을 높였다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

In this paper the Korean standards of clothing for firefighters were examined and analysed to improve the uniform's effectiveness. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1. The Korean standards for firefighters' uniforms first established in 1949 and were amended eleven times before 1983. The standards were reestablished in 1983 and had been amended four times by 1995. Recently there have been different causes of fire, and fires have become bigger and bigger. For these reasons, it is necessary to review the Korean standards for firefighters' uniforms. 2. The Korean standards are very different from those of Japan and USA. In Japan, firefighters' uniforms are classified by factors such as season and working conditions, while in Korea they are classified by factors such as sex and position. Furthermore, there are many items which are not mentioned in the Korean standards, such as ear covers and gloves. Textile materials are specified by brand names or company-designated item names. Classification of clothing items also needs to be esamined. 3. Such words as fire-proof, water-proof and heat-proof clothing just mean that the clothing blocks fire, water, or hear, and do not specifically include the meaning of protecting firefighters. Some word such as "firefighters' clothing" must be developed to imply all these types of blockage and protection. 4. Considering the rules of Korean orthography, the rules of romanization of borrowed words, and technical terms for clothing many technical words in the Korean standards for firefighters' uniforms are not appropriate, and need to be corrected and improved.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.259-280
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• 2003

The paper discusses the way in which speech sounds are being evaluated and transcribed in various fields of speech sciences, and suggests ways for a more accurate transcription. The academic fields explored are of phonetics, speech processing, speech pathology, and foreign language education. The discussion centers on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), most commonly used in these fields, and other less widely-accepted transcription conventions such as the TOnes and Break Indices (ToBI), the Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA), an extension of the official Korean Romanization (KORBET), and the American-English transcription system in the TIMIT database (TIMITBET). These transcription conventions are dealt with Korean, English, and Korean-accented English. The paper demonstrates that each transcription can exclusively be recommended for a specific need from different academic fields. Due to its publicity, the IPA is best suited for phonetic evaluation in the fields of phonetics, speech pathology, and foreign language education. The rest of the transcriptions are useful for keyboard-inputting the phonetically evaluated data from all these fields as well as for sound transcription in speech engineering, because they use convenient letter symbols for typing, searching, and programming. Several practical suggestions are made to maintain the transcriptional efficiency and consistency to accommodate the intra-and inter-transcriber variability.

• MALSORI
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• no.31_32
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• pp.51-82
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to gather pairs of heteronyms in Modem Korean and to propose that all of them should be differentiated in both the Hanngul orthography and Romanization as well as in the IPA transcription. More than a quarter of the whole Korean vocabulary consists of words with a long vowel and the number of minimal pairs distinguished only by the chroneme reaches nearly ten thousand (ie. twenty thousand words). It is suggested here that the letter s in Hanngul and the letter 'h' in the Roman alphabet be used to represent the long vowel. Another factor which brings forth lots of heteronyms in Korean is the lacking of enough indication as to non-automatic reinforcement in the initial consonant o( a word (or a morpheme) when following another within a phrase (or a word). It is proposed here that the non-automatincally rienforced word-initial consonant should be written with the letter h (like ㅺ, ㅼ, ㅽ, ㅾ) and an apostrophe (like 물'새 or 밭'이랑, 물'약) in Hanngul, and with the letter c and an apostrophe (like c'g-, c'd-, c'b-, c'j- ) in the Roman alphabet The morpheme-initial reinforced consonant within a word is written with the letters k, 1, p and cz for ㅺ, ㅼ, ㅽ, and ㅾ respectively. The contrasted pronunciations of pairs of heteronyms beginning with ㅁ/m sound are transcribed here for exemplification in the IPA, Roman alphabet and Hanngul.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.437-447
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• 1993

국제 협약에 따라 한글에 관한 정보는 로마자로 표기해야 한다. 우리나라는 1959년 2월 로마자 표기법'을 제정, 수차례 개정을 통해 1983년 6월 문교부(Ministry Of Education)안을 발표했으나, 표지판, 역명, 교과서, 공공문서들에서 활용되었지만, 영자신문, 외국 학술지등은 M-R( Mccune-Reishauer ) 표기법을, 인명, 신문 및 방송매체 등은 혼합표기방식을 사용함으로써 인(人). 지명(地名), ID, 대표어등 정보 검색시 혼란을 야기시켰고, 개정안에 따를 표기 정정으로 수백억원에 가까운 예산을 낭비하였으며, 최근 ISO(International Standard Organization)에서는 남북한 단일화 및 기계적 변환을 요구하고 있으나, 반달표 표기곤란, 편리성 결여, 북한의 주장등의 사유로 제정등을 거론하고 있는 실정에 있다. 잘 쓰지 않는 ASCII 코드 중에서 반달점 폰트를 제작하고 단어, 문장, 문서를 STRING으로 받아 알고리즘화된 음운법칙을 적용하여 소리글자로 변환하고 MOE테이블에서 대응글자를 참조하여 기계적 변환이 가능하도록 하였으며, 세련된 디자인, 풀다운 팝업방식을 채택, 2HD 1장으로 국내최초로 개발하였다.