• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.303-319
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• 2023

Pitfall traps that use ethylene glycol as a preservative solution are commonly used in arthropod research. However, a recent surge in cases involving damage to these traps by roe deer or wild boars owing to the sweet taste of ethylene glycol has prompted the addition of quinone sulfate, a substance with a pungent taste, to deter such wildlife interference. This study aimed to assess the effects of quinone sulfate on arthropods collected from pitfall traps containing ethylene glycol. We strategically positioned 50 traps using ethylene glycol alone and 50 traps containing a small amount of quinone sulfate mixed with ethylene glycol in a grid pattern for systematic sampling at the Gwangneung Forest long-term ecological research (LTER) site. Traps were collected 10 days later. The results revealed a notable effect on ants when quinone sulfate was introduced. Specifically, it decreased the number of ants. In a species-specific analysis of ants, only Nylanderia flavipes showed a significant decline in response to quinone sulfate, whereas other ant species remained unaffected. Additionally, among the arthropod samples obtained in this survey, we identified species or morpho-species of spiders, beetles, and ants and assessed species diversity. Consequently, the utilization of quinone sulfate should be undertaken judiciously, taking into account the specific species composition and environmental characteristics of the monitoring site. Our study also highlighted the significant response of various arthropod groups to variations in leaf litter depth, underscoring the crucial role of the leaf litter layer in providing sustenance and shelter for ground-foraging arthropods. Furthermore, we have compiled comprehensive species lists of both spiders and ants in Gwangneung forest by amalgamating data from this investigation with findings from previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.429-438
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• 2023

The forest in the lower Tumen River serves as an important ecosystem spanning the territories of North Korea, Russia, and China, and it provides habitat and movement corridors for diverse mammals, including the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris) and Amur leopard (Panthera pardus). This study focuses on the Mijiang area, situated as a potential ecological corridor connecting North Korea and China in the lower Tumen River, playing a crucial role in conserving and restoring the biodiversity of the Korean Peninsula. This study aimed to identify mammal species and estimate their relative abundance, occupancy, and distribution based on the 48 camera traps installed in the Mijiang area from May 2019 to May 2021. The results confirmed the presence of 18 mammal species in the Mijiang area, including large carnivores like tigers and leopards. Among the dominant mammals, four species of ungulates showed high occupancy and detection rates, particularly the Roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and Wild boar (Sus scrofa). The roe deer was distributed across all areas with a predicted high occupancy rate of 0.97, influenced by altitude, urban residential areas, and patch density. Wild boars showed a predicted occupancy rate of 0.73 and were distributed throughout the entire area, with factors such as wetland ratio, grazing intensity, and spatial heterogeneity in aspects of the landscape influencing their occupancy and detection rates. Sika deer (Cervus nippon) exhibited a predicted occupancy rate of 0.48, confined to specific areas, influenced by slope, habitat fragmentation diversity affecting detection rates, and the ratio of open forests impacting occupancy. Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) displayed a very low occupancy rate of 0.06 along the Tumen River Basin, with higher occupancy in lower altitude areas and increased detection in locations with high spatial heterogeneity in aspects. This study confirmed that the Mijiang area serves as a habitat supporting diverse mammals in the lower Tumen River while also playing a crucial role in facilitating animal movement and habitat connectivity. Additionally, the occupancy prediction model developed in this study is expected to contribute to predicting mammal distribution within the disrupted Tumen River basin due to human interference and identifying and protecting potential ecological corridors in this transboundary region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2 s.121
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

근래 한국에서도 대표적 공공공간인 공원의 조성 및 관리와 관련하여 파트너십에 대한 관심이 일고 있다. 주민들이 만들어가는 공원, 다양한 힘의 역학구조 속에서 공공성 유지, 지속 가능한 사회 구현에 도움이 될 것이라는 전망 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 추후 한국에서의 실천과 제도정비에 도움이 될 수 있도록, 영국에서는 어떻게 정책적으로 파트너쉽을 유도하는지 그리고 커뮤니티는 이를 어떻게 수용하여 자신들의 사례를 만들어 가는가를 살펴보았다. 사례연구에 있어서는 질적 연구방법을 택했으며, 분석보다는 사례가 갖는 내러티브(narratives)를 다층적으로 서술하는데 초점을 두었다. 이것은 거대 내러티브가 사라지고 있는 현대 사회에서 일반적 원칙보다는 개별 사례의 구체성을 밝히는 것이 보다 중요하다는 일부 사회학 연구자들의 견해를 수용한 것이다. 더욱이, 주민참여 관련 사례는 지역특성과 주민의 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 이러한 연구방법이 유용할 것이다. 더불어, 이러한 방식은 자못 추상적 이해에 그칠 외국 사례를 보다 구체적으로 이해하는데 적합할 것이다. 연구결과에 있어, 먼저 영국에서는 지방의제21(LA21)이 지방정부의 서비스에 대한 근본적 태도와 체계를 바꾸는데 기여했다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 일례로, 뉴캐슬(Newcastle upon Tyne)시는 직접 서비스를 제공하기 보다는 주민들의 참여를 촉진하고 도와주는 방향으로 역할을 전환하고 있었다. 그리고 다양한 자금지원체계는 직접적으로 파트너십을 독려하고 있었다. 영국 뉴캐슬(Newcastle upon Tyne) 웨이브리 파크(Waverley Park) 사례를 살펴본 바에 따르면, 파트너십에 대한 지방정부의 태도가 성공적 파트너십에 있어 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 사례에서는 프렌즈그룹 이외, 커뮤니티 외부의 비영리 단체가 참여하지 않았는데, 이는 지방정부가 적극적으로 주민들의 참여를 촉구하고 도왔기 때문이다. 이외, 커뮤니티의 구성원과 공무원들의 개인적 역할도 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 중앙정부는 단지 자금뿐만이 아니라 다양한 사례에서 축적한 정보를 커뮤니티에 지원하고 전 과정을 모니터링 하고 있었는데, 간접적 참여라고 할 수 있다. 앞에서 언급했듯이, 본 연구는 영국에서의 파트너십과 관련된 제도, 그리고 제도가 구체적 현실에서 작동되면서 나타나는 특수성을 살펴보는 데 주력했다. 그런데 사례 연구에서 발견한 특수성을 한국에서의 시사점으로 명시하는 것은 한계가 있을 수 있다. 그래서 시사점은, 제도적 차원에서 한국과 영국을 비교하여 간략하게 제시했다. 첫째, 지방의제 21의 수용 방식이다. 한국의 지방정부 또한 지방의제 21을 실천하기 위해 협의회 등을 설치하였지만 행정 시스템을 전반적으로 변화시키고 있는 영국과는 차이점이 있다. 둘째, 공원과 녹지에 대한 지원금이 제공될 때, 지역주민의 동의를 요구하는 것은 커뮤니티의 참여를 독려하고 주인의식을 갖도록 하는데 효과적이라는 것도 시사점이 될 수 있다. 한국에서도 녹색복권 등 세원 이외의 자금이 공원 및 녹지 공간에 투입되고 있으나 주민들이 직접 이를 이용하도록 되어 있지는 않다. 즉, 커뮤니티의 참여와 관련되어 쓰이고 있지는 않다. 세 번째는, 커뮤니티와 공원과의 관계로 공원 설계와 관리에 있어서 영국에서는 커뮤니티가 직접 고객(client)으로서 역할을 하고 있었다. 한국에서도 계획 및 설계 과정에 주민을 참여시키는 경우가 있으나 의견청취 정도에 머물고 있고, 몇몇 시민단체를 중심으로 시민들이 직접 공원 관리에 참여하는 경우도 있으나 운동(movement)차원에 머물고 있을 뿐 이를 위한 제도적, 법적 토대가 구축되어 있지는 않다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.843-847
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• 2001

Background: Replacement of the esophagus remains a challenge for surgeons involved in esophageal disease. From 1996 to 1999, a total of 27 patients with esophageal cancer underwent free jejunal transfer(12cases) or esophagogastrostomy(15cases). To determine the results such as leakage of anastomosis site, stenosis, reflux esophagitis and operation time, respiratory complications, etc. we reviewed the 4 years experiences. Material and method: Palliative bypass surgery or esophageal prosthesis and cancers of the pharyngoesophageal or esophagogastric junction were excluded in this study. Resection was usually peformed through right thoracotomy and anastomosis was made with EEA staplers in esophagogas-trstomy. In cases of jejunal free transfer, 6cases of proximal esophagojejunostomy were stapled anastomosed and remaining 6 cases and all distal site were hand-sewn anastomosed. All reconstruction was done through posteromediastinal route. Result: There were two mortalities from thoracic esophagogastrostomy and one from jeunal free transfer. Major and minor complications(anastomosis site leakage: 3 cases, graft failure: 2cases etc) occurred in 27 cases. In 15 thoracic esophagogastrostomy cases, 11 patients had mild to moderate reflux esophagitis and 5 patients incurred stricture of the anastomosis. Operation time was about 550$\pm$280 minutes in jejunal free transfer, and about 300$\pm$ 160 minutes in esophagogastromy patients. Conclusion: Post operative reflux esophagitis and dysphagia were more frequent in Ivor-Lewis operation group than jejunal free transfer group; however, respiratory complications and operation time were significantly longer in jejunal (roe transfer group(p<0.05). To minimize the incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis and dysphagia, patient evaluation focused on jejunal free transfer surgery is better than esophagogastrostomy followed by adequate post operative care.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-56
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• 2006

This paper analyzes whether corporations which have done capital reduction fulfill the objectives of their capital reduction as planned and also asks how did the capital reduced corporations fare in terms of stock returns, by investigating the capital reduced corporations on the Exchange and the Kosdaq between 2000 and 2004. Most capital reduced companies aim to improve their capital structure. Debt to Equity ratio among financial ratios has improved significantly after capital reduction, yet the profitability of corporations wasn't up to expectations. The analysis of cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) indicates that the CARs were below '0' during whole investigation period. Besides, the CARs of companies listed on the Kosdaq have plummeted to -53.5%. Half of the companies on the Kosdaq in this sample which have reduced their capital to avoid delisting have been eventually delisted after capital reduction. This Study concludes that simple capital reduction without having value-added projects is not beneficial to shareholders.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.74-85
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• 1972

This paper studied the grain size distribution of bottom sediments of Yeongil Bay which is located at the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Sixty four samples collected with snapper and dredger are analyzed by roe Tap Sieve Shaker and Pipette Method. The moment parameters are calculated with the method of Friedman(1961). Most samples are composed of sand size sediments and a few samples are composed of silt and clay. The Yeongil Bay can be divided into gravel-granule zone, sand zone, and silt-clay zone. The sediments near Yeonam- Dong and Hyongsan river are moderately sorted and others are very poorly sorted according to scheme of Friedman91962). In general, sorting values are ranged from 1.0 to 3.5. The samples near Janggigap and Masin-Dong show negative and others show positive skewness values. Skewness values are ranged from -1 to 2. All samples show the leptokurtic distribution except for the samples near Masin- dong and at the deepest place near Janggigap. Kurtosis values are ranged from -1.5 to 21.9. The samples of gravel-granule zone contain more than 50% and those of silt-clay zone contain less than 50% of CaCO$\_$3/. Four different colors, black, yellow, brown and gray, are shown in the sediments of Yeongil Bay.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.342-347
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• 2007

The dried fruit of the Rubus coreanus, which is well-known in Korea and referred to as 'Bokbunja,' has been employed as a traditional medicine for centuries. This crude drug has been utilized in Korea for the management of impotence, spermatorrhea, enuresis, asthma, and allergic diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that the ethanol extracts of R. coreanus have anti-inflammatory effects. The principal objective of the present study was to conduct a comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extracts of R. coreanus and R. occidentalis; here, we tested the unripe (URCE), half-ripened (HRCE), and ripened fruits (RCE) of R. coreanus, and the unripe (UROE), half-ripened (HROE), and ripened fruits (ROE) of R. occidentalis. We found that URCE, UROE, HRCE, and HROE reduced the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin $E_{2}$ as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Interestingly, the R. coreanus extracts showed stronger inhibitory effects on the production of these inflammatory mediators than the R. occidentalis extracts.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Recaller app was developed to help individuals record their food intakes. This pilot study evaluated the usability of this new food picture application (app), which operates on a smartphone with an embedded camera and Internet capability. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults aged 19 to 28 years (23 males and 22 females) were assigned to use the Recaller app on six designated, nonconsecutive days in order to capture an image of each meal and snack before and after eating. The images were automatically time-stamped and uploaded by the app to the Recaller website. A trained nutritionist administered a 24-hour dietary recall interview 1 day after food images were taken. Participants' opinions of the Recaller app and its usability were determined by a follow-up survey. As an evaluation indicator of usability, the number of images taken was analyzed and multivariate Poisson regression used to model the factors determining the number of images sent. RESULTS: A total of 3,315 food images were uploaded throughout the study period. The median number of images taken per day was nine for males and 13 for females. The survey showed that the Recaller app was easy to use, and 50% of the participants would consider using the app daily. Predictors of a higher number of images were as follows: greater interval (hours) between the first and last food images sent, weekend, and female. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study provide valuable information for understanding the usability of the Recaller smartphone food picture app as well as other similarly designed apps. This study provides a model for assisting nutrition educators in their collection of food intake information by using tools available on smartphones. This innovative approach has the potential to improve recall of foods eaten and monitoring of dietary intake in nutritional studies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.600-608
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• 2017

This study analyzed the management index, debt ratio, and business performance of livestock agricultural farming corporations since the Korea international financial reporting standards (K-IFRS) was introduced in 2011. In addition, this study was based on credible accounting reports by the financial supervisory service's DART (data analysis, retrieval and transfer) system. First, after analyzing the key management index, the results showed that the current ratio, debt ratio, and current liabilities ratio decreased and the ratio of the owners increased on the safety index. Regarding the profitability index, the ROA (return on total assets), ROE (return on equity), and ROS (return on sales) increased slightly in 2014 compared to 2013. The overall growth and external growth on the growth index have not increased. Second, an analysis of the debt ratio and business performance, the debt ratio has a negative effect on the ROA and ROS. These results show that the use of debt of livestock agricultural farming corporations contributes to the external growth but it has a negative effect on business performance. These results show that management should consider solutions for the increase in sales to achieve cost reductions. In addition, the debt ratio should be reduced and solutions for an increase in revenue are needed to reduce management expenses, such as propagation of technical development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.973-988
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• 2014

This study investigated one of the contemporary issues in the Korean capital market and two hypotheses of concern were tested on the financial determinants of profitability for the firms belonging to the Korean chaebols during the era of the post-global financial turmoil. The first hypothesis applying conditional quantile regression (CQR) estimation provided the evidence that leverage ratio, fixed asset utilization, and foreign ownership among the nine quantitative explanatory variables, had overall statistical significance relative to the book-valued profitability measure, while additional variables such as a firm's size, fixed and a proxy for the type of exchange market showed their strong impacts on the market-valued profitability indicator. Concerning the formulated 'extended' DuPont system, only two components of EBITDAEBIT and EMULTIPLIER revealed their prominent influence on ROE (Return on Equity) over the two tested periods (the years 2008 and 2012).