• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2001

The partial sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in two subspecies of striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius coreae and A. agrarius manchuricus) from Korea and northeast China were analyzed to determine the degree of genetic diversity in ech subspecies and to confirm their subspecific difference. In 18 specimens of A. agrarius coreae, ten haplotypes were resulted, and in two specimens of A. agrarius manchuricus. one haplotype was revealed. Tamura-Nei nucleotide distance among ten haplotypes in subspecies coreae ranged 0.36 to 1.86%. and nucleotide distance between two subspecies (coreae and manchuricus) was 0.37 to 1.47%: maximum infrasubspecific divergence in coreae was greater than maximum intersubspecific difference between two subspecies. Moreover, no major subgroup was resulted when 11 haplotypes in two subspecies were compared. Our sequence result was not cancordant with the morphological data studied so far, and it is concluded that cytochrome b gene sequence is not a good genetic marker to distinguish two subspecies of A. agrarius. In futurem, mtDNA control region analyses seemded to be necessary to reveal genetic relationship between these two subspecies of A. agrarius.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 1999

One hundred and eleven samples of six subspecies of striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius Pallas from Korea, China and Russia, were used for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) fragment patterns resulted from the digestion with eight restriction enzymes by blot hybridization technique. All 32 fragments, nine mtDNA haplotypes, and four major subgroups with the mean divergence value of 0.896 to 1.150% were revealed. In summary, three forms are recognized: [I, subspecies chejuensis (Chejudo island, Korea)], [II, subspecies pallescens (southwestern Korea), coreae (central Korea), and septentrionalis (Russia)], and [III, subspecies manchuricus (northeastern China) and pallidior (northern China)], although some samples of subspecies coreae are somewhat different from almost all samples of six subspecies, and some samples of subspecies pallidior are similar with all samples of subspecies septentrionalis to form same haplotype. It is confirmed that A. agrarius chejuensis is a distinct subspecies, that subspecies coreae (including pallescens) is also a distinct subspecies, that subspecies manchuricus and pallidior are synonyms of subspecies ningpoensis, and that subspecies septentrionalis is a synonym of subspecies ningpoensis, and that subspecies septentrionalis is a synonym of subspecies agrarius. Moreover, it seems that A. agrarius shows constant karyotype, minimal variation in mtDNA genotype, and considerable divergence in morphometric characters, although further analyses with additional samples of A. agrarius in Eurasia will be necessary to determine the degree of variation of these taxonomic characters and to clarify subspecies classification as well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1985

This study was made on bamboo shoot's damage of Phyllostachys edulis by field mice in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, and grasped the inhabitation environment by the analysis of around and lower vegetation in damaged bamboo stands, and made clear the species of field mice in damaged bamboo stand, the damaged degree and rate, therefore, were put in practice for contribution with damage prevention and extermination. The results were summarized as follows; The damaged degree were influenced by inhabitation environment and stand density around damaged bamboo stands. The damaged degree were shown 4,359.1 g with 7.1 shoots per. ha and the rate 0.23%. The damage season were from the middle of April to the middle and end of May, the most damaged season was about April 23. The length of damaged bamboo shoot was mean 28.12 cm, the inside diameter 7.49 cm, the weight 613.96 g. The damaged type of parts was shown to more numerous overland and surface damaged type of three types; overland, surface and underground damaged type. The field mice to be captured in damaged bamboo stand were three species; Apodemus agrarius coreae, Mus molossinus and Crocidura lasiura, the species of main damage was Apodemus agrarius coreae of captured Rodentia's 2 species. Crocidura lasiura in order Insectivora was found to inhabitate for the first time at southern region in Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 1998

Four external and 27 cranial characters of three subspecies of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) from 15 regions in far eastern Asia(South Korea, North Korea, northeastern China, and far eastern Russia) were analyzed by multivariate methods in order to determine taxonomic status of striped field mice from North Korea. Three subgroups were recognized: a large-size form from two localities in South Korea(Cheju Island, Wando Island): a medium-size form from eight localities in South Korea and North Korea(Jindo Island, Kunsan, Mt. Chirisan, Cheongju, Mt. Weoleksan, Mt. taebaksan; Haeju, Sineuiju); a small-size form from five localities in North Korea, northeastern China, and far eastern Russia (Mt. Kumkangsan, Mt. Myohyangsan; Jirin, Yichun; Vladivostok). It is confirmed that the large-size form, the medium-size form, and the small-size form are subspecies chejuensis, coreae, and manchuricus, respectively, as noted by Koh et al.(1997). It is revealed that striped field mice(the medium-size form) from western region of North Korea (Haeju, Sineuiju) is classified into A. agrarius coreae, as noted by Thomas(1908), but striped field mice(the small-size form) from eastern region of North Korea(Mt. Kumkangsan, Mt. Myohyangsan) is A. agrarius manchuricus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.412-423
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the distribution and habitat of Tscherskia triton from 2014 to 2016 in Jeju Island. Nine individuals of T. triton were observed and captured from four habitat sites. Most of the habitats were of the natural and rural type, and urban type coexisted in some of the areas. The natural type of habitat comprised of forests, shrubs, and grasslands. The habitat of T. triton ranged vertically from 102 m in lowland to 742 m in a mountainous area and was not observed in altitude over 1,000 m. Small brooks, dry streams or wetlands were found to be located nearby the habitat of T. triton. The T. triton was distributed mainly in areas with natural vegetation and artificial plantation in company with the upper story vegetation on the ground of intact or incomplete layer structure, or the area with the relatively large distribution of shrubs and long grassland. The presence of roads and forest paths in these habitats suggested that the T. triton can thrive in areas with human disturbance. The designation of Halla Mountain National Park in Jeju Island as a conservation area prevents damage or loss of the habitat due to any artificial development. However, frequent human disturbances occurring in grassland is tolerated by small mammals. Therefore, in order to help T. triton maintain a stable population density, it is essential that various types of the habitat should be conserved in the middle mountain areas and the grasslands in lowlands should be well protected.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 1976

1. It has been found in the karyotype of Apodemus agrarius coreae that No. 1 chromosome pair is subtelocentric and this is the new chromosome type in comparison with acro-telocentric No. 1 pair of the other subpecies. 2. It was reported in the Karyotype of Microtus fortis from USSR that the autosome consisted of 2 submetacentric, 10 metacentric and 38 acrocentric chromosomes, and that X is acrocentric and Y is small acrocentric one. In the present study, however, the autosome of M. fortis pelliceus in Korea is composed of three groups; 4 subtelocentric, 10 meta-submetacenric, and 36 acrocentric one. And X is the largest metacentric chromosome of the complement. Y is smaller acrocentric one. Thus, it has been found that the karyotype of M. fortis in Korea differs from that of the same species in USSR. In the karyotype of this red vole, two pairs of heteromorohic chromosome with respect to the size of their secondary constrictions have been shown in the acrocentric group. 3. The diploid number of Cricetulus triton nestor was found to be 28, and its chromosome size ranges from 7.5 $\\mu$ to 1.5 $\\mu$. Autosomes contains 11 large acrocentric pairs and two pairs of very small metacentric ones. This feature is simillar to that of Tscherskia triton found USSR.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-108
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• 1980

Comparative studies on the parafollicular cells of the some mammalian species from five different orders were carried out; i.e., man from Primates, cattle, pig, and black goat from Artiodactyla, dog from Carnivora, rabbit from Lagomorpha, rat, mouse, and squirrel from Rodentia. For this study, various special techniques for the parafollicular cells, including Grimelius' silver impregnation method (Sawicki and Bajko, 1974), Singh's argentaffin method (Singh, 1964), HCl-toluidine blue stain (Sawicki, 1971), and HCl-lead hematoxylin stain (Solcia et al., 1969), were applied. Authors obtained the following results: 1. Number of parafollicular cells in the same area of thyroid tissues are significantly different from species to species. Number of cells were largest in dog and less cells were found in the following orders; rat, squirrel, mouse, rabbit, cattle, pig, black goat and finally the smallest number in man. 2. Distribution of parafollicular cells within thyroid gland are significantly different from portion to portion in case of cattle, rabbit, squirrel and mouse, but it is not significant in dog, man, pig, black goat and rat (see Table 1-1 and 1-2). 3. In dog, clustered parafollicular cells are located usually in the interfollicular space, and groups of parafollicular cells are located in the para-and/or inter-follicular positions in rabbit. But in the other animals parafollicular cells are found solitarily in the intra-and/or para-follicular positions. 4. The shape of parafollicular cells shows oval to round contour in dog, but it is polymorphic, for example, spindle, conical, oval, round or elongated with cytoplasmic processes, in the other animals. 5. Size of parafollicular cells is larger in cattle, dog and pig, smaller in rat, mouse and squirrel, and medium-size in rabbit, man and black goat. 6. Parafollicular cells of pig, cattle, dog and squirrel are observed to contain densely packed granules, whereas those of mouse, rat and man contain relatively scanty granules. 7. Parafollicular cells of all the mammals show more or less positive reaction to Grimelius' argyrophile silver impregnation method, HCl-toluidine blue stain and HCl-lead hematoxylin stain, whereas they show negative reaction to argentaffin method (see Table 2). 8. Considering the above finding, it is concluded that there are species differences in the distribution, location and shape of parafollicular cells, and infer that preferable staining method should be selected for reliable detection of parafollicular cells, beacuse staining methods applied on the cells in this study show variable reactions according to species.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.341-355
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• 1998

Thirty one morphometric characters of specimens in 15 subspecies of striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius Pallas) from Eurasia were analyzed to clarify taxonomic status of these subspecies. Five major subgroups in A. agrarius were revealed: I, a largest-size form, specimens from two southern from other six localities in Korea, subspecies coreae and pallescens; III, the other large-size from, specimens from Astrachan in western Russia, subspecies volgensis; IV, a medium-size form, specimens from 16 localities in eastern Asia(North Korea, China, and eastern Russia), subspecies coreae, manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, and insulaemus; V, a small-size form, specimens from 16 localities in western Asia and Europe (Kazakhstan, Russia, Lithuania, and Ukraine), subspecies tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus. From this morphometric analyses, the followings are concluded: subspecies chejuensis is a larger-size form, as noted by Johnson and Jones(1955): subspecies pallescens is the synonym of subspecies agrarius, as suggested by Koh(1986): subspecies coreae from Korea is a large-size form and is idistinct from other 12 subspecies in Eurasia: the eastern form of subspecies ningpoensis by Corbet(1978) is a medium-size form o subspecies manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, and insulaemus from eastern Asia (China and eastern Russia), and it includea North Korea specimens: a small-size form from western Asia and Europe(subspecies tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus) is the western form of subspecies agrarius by Corbet(1978); the other large-size form of subspecies volgensis from western Russia is a distinct subspecies, which differs from the western subspecies agrarius. Therefore, it is concluded that 15 subspecies of A. agrarius can be classifed into five subspecies (chejuensis, coreae, ningpoensis, agrarius, and volgensis), although it is necessary to measure and analyze morphometric characters of specimens of other seven subspecies(albostriatus, maculatus, rubens, kahmanni, henrici, gloveri, and harti) for the complete reclassification of this species).