• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1207-1212
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• 2015

A vibro ripper utilizes high-frequency vibration for rock fragmentation. This concept is different from those used by other existing breakers. The gearbox-shank welded joint of a vibro ripper is a very important part. Because it delivers the vibromotive force to the tooth, it is important to predict its soundness. This study was conducted to predict the fatigue life under welding conditions. The shank materials were Hardox-Hituf and AR400, and the filler metals were CSF-71T and CSF-81T. Fatigue tests were conducted under each set of conditions. P-S-N curves are presented based on the statistical testing method recommended by JSME-S002, and a comparison is made of the results under each set of conditions. The life was estimated using a P-S-N curve.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1993.03a
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• pp.41-48
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• 1993

The 2nd phase of Seoul Subway, Lines 5,6,7 and 8, is in progress. To reduce the surface traffic congestion during construction the greater part of the system has been engineered by bored tunnelling. The current tunnelling methodology is based on the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. Serveral collapses have been reported to date. Most of the collapses took place in the area forwed with soft ground. The modes and causes of the collapses were progressive failures in the unsupported surface and sliding failures due to the unfavourable joint direction. The major causes turned out to be the weakness of ground and the sudden influx of ground water from the surface. Some measures to prevent the failures are also presented. To ensure the safe tunnelling ghrough the soft ground the unsupported excavation area has to be minimized and closed as early as possible. Additional support measures such as supporting core, sealing shotcrete, forepoling, spread footing, face rock bolting and grouting should be employed as well depend on ground conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.265-270
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• 2000

AESTRACI: The shmr behior of sawtoothed artrjicial joints grouted with cement milk rm investiguted in the lahotconstant normal stress conditions. Tests were amducted on joints with asperities h i n g inclinations cf 16.7" and 26.6" ,strengths h i n g 15MPa and 47MPa under a given nmge of n o d stresses wrying frcm 0.76 to 1.g MPa md at a freepitching, rolling and dihtmuy. Results show that the gect of asperities on shmr strength increme is signifamt up to as,to grout thidness (t/a) mtio 4 0.3-1.0. Increme of ahesim is the nmn muse cf shmr strength increme in cemmtoothed artificial iointsed artificial ioints

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.161-172
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• 2000

자연암석절리 및 인공 절리에 대하여 일정수직응력제어, 일정 수직하중제어 그리고 무한 강성제어가 가능한 암석 절리면 전단기 시험기를 개발하였다. 이 시험기는 전단변위에 의한 첩촉면적의 변화량을 계산하여 하중변화량을 조절하여 일정수직응력상태를 유지한다. 수직하중에 따른 시험기 강성에 의한 변화향이 제어 프로그램 내에서 제어되어 순수한 시편의 변위량을 출력하도록 하였다. 전단하중에 따른 시험기 강성에 의한 변위량은 상, 하부 전단상자의 상대변위 측정으로 최소화하였다. 전단거동 중의 자유도는 전당방향에 대하여 수평이도, 연직이동, 피칭, 롤링이 가능하도록 하였다. 자연절리면을 모사한 석고시편에 대하여 일정 수직응력 제어, 일정수직하중제어 그리고 무한 강성제어 조건으로 시험하여 제어상태 검증 및 비교를 하였다. 또한 경사각이 16.7˚와 22.6˚인 톱니형 시편에 대하여 시험한 결과 경사각 16.7˚와 22.6˚는 JRC로 10과 15를 나타내었으며, 첨두팽창각이 첨두전단강도에서 발생되며, Barton의 모델과 잘 일치함을 보였다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.3 s.68
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• pp.203-215
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• 2007

Stability and mechanical deformation behavior of rock masses are highly dependent on the mechanical characteristics of contained discontinuities. Therefore, mechanical characteristics of the discontinuities should be considered in the design of tunnel and underground structures. In this study, direct shear tests for rough granite joints were carried out under constant normal stiffness conditions. Effects of initial normal stress, shear velocity, and surface roughness on the characteristics of shear strength and deformation behaviors were examined. Results of shear testing under constant normal stiffness conditions reveal that shear behaviors could be classified into two categories, based on the amount of decrease in shear stress at the Int peak shear stress. With initial normal stiffness increasing, it turned out that shear displacement at peak stress and the first peak shear stress increased, however friction angle and friction coefficient showed decrease. In case of shear stiffness and average friction coefficient, it turned out that they are not dependent on the initial normal stress. Minor effects of shear velocity on rough joints were observed in several shear quantities. However, the effects of shear velocity were insignificant regardless of the normal stress increase. Change of shear strength and deformation characteristics on joint roughness were examined, however, it turned out that the variations were attributed to deviation of shear test specimens.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.447-457
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• 2008

Laboratory tests for single plane sliding were conducted using the model rock slope to investigate the cut slope deformability and failure mechanism due to combined effect of engineering characteristics such as angle of sliding plane, water force, joint roughness and infillings. Also the possibility of prediction of slope failure through displacement monitoring was explored. The joint roughness was prepared in forms of saw-tooth type having different roughness specifications. The infillings was maintained between upper and lower roughness plane from zero to 1.2 times of the amplitude of the surface projections. Water force was expressed as the percent filling of tension crack from dry (0%) to full (100%), and constantly increased from 0% at the rate of 0.5%/min and 1%/min upto failure. Total of 50 tests were performed at sliding angles of $30^{\circ}$ and $35^{\circ}$ based on different combinations of joint roughness, infilling thickness and water force increment conditions. For smooth sliding plane, it was found that the linear type of deformability exhibited irrespective of the infilling thickness and water force conditions. For sliding planes having roughness, stepping or exponential types of deformability were predominant under condition that the infilling thickness is lower or higher than asperity height, respectively. These arise from the fact that, once the infilling thickness exceeds asperities, strength and deformability of the sliding plane is controlled by the engineering characteristics of the infilling materials. The results obtained in this study clearly show that the water force at failure was found to increase with increasing joint roughness, and to decrease with increasing filling thickness. It seems possible to estimate failure time using the inverse velocity method for sliding plane having exponential type of deformability. However, it is necessary to estimate failure time by trial and error basis to predict failure of the slope accurately.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.141-155
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• 2023

Monitoring technology based on electrical resistivity is widely used for non-destructive data collection and health analysis of underground structures and tunnels. Vulnerable sections such as fault zone generates many problems during construction of the tunnel. These problems cause displacement and stress changes of the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the state of the fault zone section to ensure the mechanical stability of the underground structure. Monitoring the size of joints and the porosity of the fillings is essential for rocks. Previous studies have not considered the variety of fillings in rock joints. In this study, electrical resistivity tests were conducted according to the particle mixing state of the sandy fillings. When the size of fillings is decreased at the constant porosity, the electrical resistivity tends to increase. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic electrical resistivity data for predicting the ground conditions and evaluation of the ground behavior that is containing sandy fillings in the rock joint for tunnels.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.425-438
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• 2019

A scaled model test was performed to evaluate the stability of subway twin tunnels excavated in the sedimentary rocks with subhorizontal bedding planes. The size of studied tunnel was 6.2 m×6.8 m and pillar width was 4 m. The anisotropic model test specimen was manufactured with the modeling materials suitable for in-situ rocks by way of dimensional analysis. Fracture and deformation behaviors of tunnels according to applied loads were investigated through the biaxial compression test. As the load was increased on the model specimen, the first crack occurred in the middle part of the pillar across twin tunnels and the gradual fractures progressed at crown and floor of twin tunnels. All the cracks in pillar were generated along the existing bedding planes so that they were found to be the main cause of the pillar failure. In addition, the test results were verified by numerical analysis on the experimental conditions using FLAC ubiquitous joint model. The distribution of plastic regions obtained from numerical analysis were in general agreement with test results, confirming the reliability of the scaled model test conducted in this study.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

To investigate the feasibility of a new concept of storing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in a lined hard rock cavern, and to develop essential technologies for constructing underground LNG storage facilities, a small pilot plant storing liquid nitrogen (LN2) has been constructed at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM). The LN2 stored in the cavern will subject the host rock around the cavern to very low temperatures, which is expected to cause the development of an ice ring and the change of ground condition around the storage cavern. To investigate and monitor changes in ground conditions at this pilot plant site, geophysical, hydrogeological, and rock mechanical investigations were carried out. In particular, geophysical methods including borehole radar and three-dimensional (3D) resistivity surveys were used to identify and monitor the development of an ice ring, and other possible changes in ground conditions resulting from the very low temperature of LN2 in the storage tank. We acquired 3D resistivity data before and after storing the LN2, and the results were compared. From the 3D images obtained during the three phases of the resistivity monitoring survey, we delineated zones of distinct resistivity changes that are closely related to the storage of LN2. In these results, we observed a decrease in resistivity at the eastern part of the storage cavern. Comparing the hydrogeological data and Joint patterns around the storage cavern, we interpret this change in resistivity to result from changes in the groundwater flow pattern. Freezing of the host rock by the very low temperature of LN2 causes a drastic change in the hydrogeological conditions and groundwater flow patterns in this pilot plant.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.410-415
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• 2003

Ground subsidence has occurred in the downtown of Muan-eup in Korea. Integrated geophysical survey, including two-dimensional resistivity, CSMT(Controlled source magnetotelluric), magnetic, borehole logging, GPR and resistivity tomography, has been conducted to investigate the cause of subsidence and ground conditions. Since the target area is in the city downtown, there were no spaces for surface geophysical methods. To get regional geology and to facilitate the detailed geophysical interpretation in the survey area, two-dimensional resistivity, CSMT and magnetic surveys have been applied in the outer region of the downtown. From these results, we could accurately define the Gwangju fault system and estimate the geologic conditions in the downtown. For the detailed survey of the downtown area, resistivity tomography and borehole logging data have been acquired using a few tens of densely located boreholes. Among these survey results, borehole logging data provided the guide to classification of the rock type and we could define the geologic boundary of granite and limestone formations. From the resistivity tomograms of 42 sections, which are densely located enough to be interpreted in a three-dimensional manner, we could delineate the possible weak zones or cavities in the limestone formations. In particular, resistivity tomograms in the subsided area showed the real image of ground subsidence. The map of hazardous zone has been derived from the joint interpretation of these survey results and we could provide the possible reinforcement strategy in this area.